Earth Sciences Commons^™

Environmental Changes In A Polluted Stream During Winter, Arden R. Gaufin, Clarence M. Tarzwell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Year round studies of environmental conditions in Lytle Creek, a stream polluted with organic wastes, were initiated late in 1949, by the Biology Section of the Public Health Service's Environmental Health Center.2 Lytle Creek is a tributary of the Little Miami River which enters the Ohio River at Cincinnati. It is about 11 miles long, and has an average width and depth of 15 feet and 1 foot respectively, during normal summer flows. Widths range from 3 to 35 feet and depths from a few inches to a maximum of 6 feet. Surface runoff comprises the major portion of the …

Data From The Deep-Rock Samples On File From Wells Drilled In Nebraska, Duane R. Mohlman

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Application And Evaluation Of A Biotic Index To Sand Hills And Streams Of Nebraska, Gregory T. Michl

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Riparian Habitats Of The Central Platte As A Corridor For Dispersal Of Small Mammals In Nebraska, Thomas D. Silvia

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Geology Of The Ogallala/High Plains Regional Aquifer System In Nebraska, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

This guide is mostly figures with a reference section containing some of the pertinent literature on the Cenozoic geology we will see over the next four days. Copies of some of the cited works will be assembled in a packet and handed out on the morning of April 29th. We will make all 17 stops. if the weather is reasonably good and the roads are passable. On the first day, April 29, we will try to get to stops 1-5, the more distal parts of the Ogallala and younger deposits in Nebraska. On April 30, we will try to visit …

Geology Of The Ogallala/High Plains Regional Aquifer System In Nebraska: Field Trip No. 6, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

This guide is mostly figures with a reference section containing some of the pertinent literature on the Cenozoic geology we will see over the next four days. We will make all 17 stops if the weather is reasonably good and the roads are passable. On the first day, April 29, we will try to get to stops 1–5, the more distal parts of the Ogallala and younger deposits in Nebraska. On April 30, we will try to visit stops 6–9. Stops 10–15, in areas closer to the sediment sources of the Ogallala and some of the younger units, will be …

Book Review: Quaternary Geology And Geomorphology Of South America By C. Clapperton, William J. Wayne

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Dr. Clapperton is to be commended for having taken on the monumental task of a review of the present state of knowledge of the Quaternary of the entire continent of South America. Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of South America is a massive, interestingly written, but expensive volume that covers exactly what its title suggests. In spite of the paucity of information on many aspects of the Quaternary geology of this continent, which extends from north of the equator nearly to the Antarctic, the author has succeeded in reviewing and synthesizing most of the material that does exist. To do so …

Task Ii Completion Report: Independent Groundwater Characterization And Monitoring Program In Boyd County

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Patterns Of Early Lake Ontogeny In Glacier Bay As Inferred From Diatom Assemblages, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Daniel R. Engstrom

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

We studied a series of recently formed lakes along a deglaciation chronosequence in Glacier Bay National Park to examine changes in water chemistry, primary production, and biotic composition that accompany the early ontogeny of north-temperate lakes. Successional trends in these freshwater ecosystems have been explored with a two-tiered approach that includes (1) the comparison of limnological conditions among lakes of known age and in different stages of primary catchment succession, and (2) the inference of water-chemistry trends in individual sites based on fossil diatom stratigraphy. This paper emphasizes the reconstruction of limnological trends from fossil diatom assemblages. The modem distribution …

Relating United States Crop Land Use To Natural Resources And Climate Change, K. G. Hubbard, F. J. Flores-Mendoza

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Crop production depends not only on the yield but also on the area harvested. The yield response to climate change has been widely examined, but the sensitivity of crop land use to hypothetical climate change has not been examined directly. Crop land-use regression models for estimating crop area indices (CAIs) - the percent of land used for corn, soybean, wheat, and sorghum production - are presented. Inputs to the models include available water-holding capacity of the soil, percent of land available for rain-fed agricultural production, annual precipitation, and annual temperature. The total variance of CAI explained by the models ranged …

Avian Use Of Field Windbreaks, Herbaceous Fencerows And Associated Cropfields In East Central Nebraska, Natalie J. Sunderman

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Geologic Map Of Morrill County, Nebraska, James B. Swinehart, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

Morrill County, Nebraska, is perhaps the most geologically interesting county in the panhandle of Nebraska. Surficial deposits of alluvium, colluvium, loess, and eolian sand of Quaternary age cover large parts of the county. Holocene and latest Pleistocene(?) eolian sand as much as 150 It thick covers much of the area north of North Platte Valley and mantles Quaternary alluvial deposits to the south. A thin veneer of loess overlies bedrock in the uplands of the southern part of the county. Alluvium underlies the valley floors and caps river and stream terraces. Two units of older Quaternary alluvium are exposed in …

Bermuda Solution Pipe Soils: A Geochemical Evaluation Of Eolian Parent Materials, Stanley R. Herwitz, Daniel R. Muhs

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Solution pipes found in the Quaternary eolian and marine carbonates of Bermuda are filled with reddish to reddish-brown soil material. The bulk of the soil is composed of clay and silt-sized quartz and aluminosilicate clay minerals. The carbonates are of high purity and, therefore, are not likely to have been the parent material. Previous workers have hypothesized that Saharan dust may have been the soil parent material. The fine-grained component of loess from the Mississippi River Valley of North America also could have contributed. Paleoclimate models indicate that both North Africa and North America could have been important source areas …

Introduction To Special Section: Mechanical Involvement Of Fluids In Faulting, Stephen Hickman, Richard Sibson, Ronald Bruhn

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A growing body of evidence suggests that fluids are intimately linked to a variety of faulting processes. These include the long-term structural and compositional evolution of fault zones; fault creep; and the nucleation, propagation, arrest, and recurrence of earthquake ruptures. Besides the widely recognized physical role of fluid pressures in controlling the strength of crustal fault zones, it is also apparent that fluids can exert mechanical influence through a variety of chemical effects.

The United States Geological Survey sponsored a Conference on the Mechanical Effects of Fluids in Faulting under the auspices of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program at …

Resource News-Summer 1995

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Chronostratigraphic Significance Of Cathodoluminescence Zoning In Syntaxial Cement: Mississippian Lake Valley Formation, New Mexico, Tracy D. Frank, Kuger C. Lohmann, William J. Meyers

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Echinoderm-syntaxial cement crystals have been collected at several stratigraphic levels within the Lake Valley Formation, which is overlain by a major pre-Pennsylvanian subaerial exposure surface. The crystals were microsampled along growth bands, and yielded high-resolution elemental and isotopic information that record fluid evolution during their growth. Although cement crystals show little variation in cathodoluminescence character and bulk chemistry throughout the regional extent of the formation, intracrystalline patterns in minor element and stable isotope chemistry allow for the identification of several settings of cementation, including the marine phreatic, marine-meteoric mixing, and meteoric phreatic zones. When placed in a regional-stratigraphic context, crystal …

Dissociation Quotient Of Benzoic Acid In Aqueous Sodium Chloride Media To 250°C, Richard Kettler, David J. Wesolowski, Donald A. Palmer

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

The dissociation quotient of benzoic acid was determined potentiometrically in a concentration cell fitted with hydrogen electrodes. The hydrogen ion molality of benzoic acid/benzoate solutions was measured relative to a standard aqueous IiCI solution at seven temperatures from 5 to 250°C and at seven ionic strengths ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 molal (NaCI). The molal dissociation quotients and selected literature data were fitted in the isocoulombic (all anionic) form by a six-term equation. This treatment yielded the following thermodynamic quantities for the acid dissociation equilibrium at 25°C and 1 bar: log K_a = -4.206±0.006, ΔH_å=0.3±0.3 kJ-mol^{-1 …}

Evidence Of Active Dune Sand On The Great Plains In The 19th Century From Accounts Of Early Explorers, Daniel R. Muhs, Vance T. Holliday

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Eolian sand is extensive over the Great Plains of North America, but is at present mostly stabilized by vegetation. Accounts published by early explorers, however, indicate that at least parts of dune fields in Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Texas were active in the 19th century. Based on an index of dune mobility and a regional tree-ring record, the probable causes for these periods of greater eolian activity are droughts, accompanied by higher temperatures, which greatly lowered the precipitationto- evapotranspiration ratio and diminished the cover of stabilizing vegetation. In addition, observations by several explorers, and previous historical studies, indicate …

Recent State Of Stress Change In The Walker Lane Zone, Western Basin And Range Province, United States, Oliver Bellier, Mary Lou Zoback

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The NW to north-trending Walker Lane zone (WLZ) is located along the western boundary of the northern Basin and Range province with the Sierra Nevada. This zone is distinguished from the surrounding Basin and Range province on the basis of irregular topography and evidence for both normal and strike-slip Holocene faulting. Inversion of slip vectors from active faults, historic fault offsets, and earthquake focal mechanisms indicate two distinct Quaternary stress regimes within the WLZ, both of which are characterized by a consistent WNW σ₃ axis; these are a normal faulting regime with a mean σ3 axis of N85 °+ …

Generalized Classification Of Economic Minerals

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Resource News-Spring 1995

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Avian Use Of Riparian Corridors And Adjacent Cropland In East-Central Nebraska, Rebecca L. Fitzmaurice

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Erosion, Mass Wasting, And Sedimentation On Human Activities In The Río Grande Basin, Jujuy Province, Argentina, Waldo Chayle, William J. Wayne

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Nearly all dry mountainous regions are affected by severe erosion, floods, and debris flows during times of intense precipitation. The lithology, geologic structure, and climate in Jujuy Province, Argentina combine to place at serious risk the people who live along the Río Grande, the major river that drains the east side of the Cordillera Oriental and the west side of the Sierras Subandinas. Nearly all precipitation falls during summer (January–March) with little during the remainder of the year; most of the basin is semiarid to arid, although the southern end has a humid subtropical climate. Relief is great, as much …

Stratigraphy And Sediment Accumulation Patterns Of The Upper Cenozoic Pelagic Carbonate Caps Of Guyots In The Northwestern Pacific Ocean, David K. Watkins, Paul N. Pearson, Elisabetta Erba, Frank R. Rack, Isabella Premoli Silva, Horst W. Bohrmann, Julianna Fenner, Peter R.N. Hobbs

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Many of the guyots of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean are capped by sequences of uncemented pelagic carbonate. Examination of three of these pelagic caps from Limalok, Lo-En, and Wodejebato guyots in the Marshall Islands indicates that sediment accumulation throughout the late Paleogene and late Cenozoic was characterized by episodes of deposition during the earliest Miocene, late early to early middle Miocene, late middle Miocene, mid-Pliocene, and Quaternary, separated by periods of little or no accumulation. The Miocene record consists of extensively winnowed foraminifer oozes, which suggest relatively energetic currents in the intermediate waters. The Pliocene and Quaternary sequences contain finer …

Cretaceous Calcareous Plankton Biostratigraphy Of Sites 872 Through 879, Elisabetta Erba, Isabella Premoli Silva, David K. Watkins

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

This paper documents the distribution of calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifers in Cretaceous sequences recovered at Sites 872 through 879 drilled on guyots in the central and western Pacific Ocean during Leg 144. Calcareous plankton biostratigraphy allows us to obtain important biostratigraphic age constraints for the onset, development, and demise of shallow-water sedimentation on these guyots.

Site 872 on Lo-En Guyot is the only site at which shallow-water limestones were not recovered during Leg 144. Here, the oldest sediment consists of pelagic limestone infilling fractures within the volcanic substrate. Calcareous plankton biostratigraphy constrains the age of these sediments to Coniacian …

Cretaceous And Paleogene Manganese-Encrusted Hardgrounds From Central Pacific Guyots, David K. Watkins, Isabella Premoli Silva, Elisabetta Erba

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Manganese-encrusted hardgrounds and associated sediments from four guyots in the western Pacific Ocean were investigated using lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic examination of thin sections. Biostratigraphic data from manganese-encrusted hardgrounds constrain the age of platform drowning to early middle Eocene for Limalok Guyot, latest Maastrichtian to early Paleocene for Wodejebato Guyot, and middle late Albian for MIT Guyot. Microstratigraphic examination of the hardgrounds reveals a complex Cretaceous and Paleogene history of bioerosion, pelagic sediment accumulation, manganese encrustation, and phosphatization. Fourteen distinct episodes of pelagic sediment accumulation occurred, with five in the Cretaceous, three in the Paleocene, and seven in the Eocene. These …

Initial Transgressive Phase Of Leg 144 Guyots: Evidence Of Extreme Sulfate Reduction, Bjørn Buchardt, Mary Anne Holmes

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

The initial transgressive phase at the Leg 144 Guyots is characterized by a typical association of sedimentary facies (from bottom to top): in situ weathered volcanic rocks; variegated clays, partly pyritic; gray clay, pyritic, homogeneous, or mottled; black clay, peaty, laminated, or bioturbated; and marine argillaceous limestone. Site 877 at Wodejebato Guyot represents the typical development of the initial transgressive phase. The black clay is rich in organic carbon (up to 40%) and sulfur (up to 25%). The organic matter is dominantly of terrestrial origin, but it has a significant marine, algal input. The variegated clays consist of a red, …

Resource Notes-Academic Year 1994-95

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Structural Contour Map On Top Of The Lansing Group, R. R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Birds Of The Platte, Eileen M. Kirsch

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Gary Lingle has done an outstanding job compiling information to make birding the Central Platte River and Rainwater Basin area of Nebraska easier and more rewarding. The book was not designed to replace a field guide. Rather, it provides maps, general information about the area, when and where birds can be seen, and likelihood of viewing each of 300 bird species possible. Sprinkled throughout the book are drawings by William S. Whitney and Ernest V. Ochsner that depict the structural simplicity of the prairie and the diversity of its wildlife. The writing style is personal and unpretentious, and the text …