Earth Sciences Commons^™

Pastures For Horses, Robert Coleman

Kentucky Grazing Conference

For horse owners, the use of pasture in the daily management of their horses provides both exercise for the horses, but also is a valuable source of nutrients. Horse feeding programs are based on forage and pasture is an excellent means to supply nutrients. To make effective use of the forage, horse owners need to manage both the horse and the grass.

Winter Annuals And Short Term Perennials For Grazing, S. Ray Smith

Kentucky Grazing Conference

During the last 5 years there has been a renewed interest in winter annual and short term perennials for grazing and for stored feed. There are many sources of information on this subject. I especially encourage you to read the new publication written by Dr. Garry Lacefield and colleagues, “Extending Grazing and Reducing Stored Feed Needs”. I have used information from this publication and other publications from the University of Kentucky Forage Website (www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage) in writing this article. This website contains many use publications on the subject of winter annuals and variety trial information on annual ryegrass and …

Novel Endophyte Tall Fescue, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Grazing Conference

“Novel” endophyte is a term used to describe a “good” or “friendly” fungus (endophyte) in tall fescue as opposed to the endophyte that’s present if over eighty-five percent of the tall fescue in the Fescue Belt of the USA. This endophyte is costing beef producers an estimated $1 Billion dollars in losses from animal gains, reproduction and overall performance.

Forages On My Farm, Brent White

Kentucky Grazing Conference

No abstract provided.

Foreword And Kfgc Award Winners [2012], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Kentucky Grazing Conference

No abstract provided.

Farmer Panel--Getting More From Your Alfalfa, Charles Powell

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Powell Farms started in 1996 with 15 acres of Alfalfa hay intended for cow/calf feed. A neighbor and his friends bought every bale that year. Over the next 14 years the only alfalfa hay our cows got to eat was when a cutting got wet and was rolled. Production per acre was good, demand exceeded production and price per bale continued to rise. Roundup Ready came on the market and we were finally able to produce clean pure high quality alfalfa. All was going well for our alfalfa business. Then came the 2008 challenge with the economic down turn, drought …

Farmer Panel--Managed Grazing And Profits, Bill Payne

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Profits are the goal of any business model and mine is no exception. My plan assumes that available natural resources are efficiently utilized in a responsible manner.I have chosen to implement that plan by producing, managing and marketing our forage resources by utilizing Management Intensive Grazing (MIG.)

Farmer Panel--Managing A Commercial Hay Farm, Clayton Geralds

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

In his presentation Clayton will discuss equipment he utilizes for establishing, maintaining, and harvesting top quality horse hay. He will also provide an overview of his expectations for yield and quality of his product as well as proper input and storage requirements.

Role And Importance Of Alfalfa In Beef Diets, Jeff Lehmkuhler

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa is often referred to as the “Queen” of forage. Is this because of its high fertility needs and more finicky soil fertility needs along with greater management for optimal growth and persistency? Or is it because of it being on top of nearly all other forages for yield and quality? Truth be told, it is likely a combination of all these factors. Alfalfa is a versatile forage as it can be harvested for hay or silage and also grazed with proper management. For these reasons, this forage can fit well in beef operations.

Alfalfa Hay For Horses, Robert Coleman

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

When horse owners consider hay for their horses, a number of criteria are generally considered. Of major importance is the hay must be free of mold and dust. It needs to contain nutrients needed by the horse and it must be palatable. If these criteria are met, the type of hay should not matter. However, that is not the case with many horse owners. When discussing the selection of hay, many owners first consider the type of hay. Can it be alfalfa or should it be a grass or how about a mix of grass and a legume. If a …

National Alfalfa & Forage Alliance, Beth Nelson

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The National Alfalfa & Forage Alliance (NAFA) was formed on April 6, 2006. Its membership consists of state/regional seed associations, state/regional hay associations, genetic suppliers, seed marketers, allied industry, and research/extension affiliates. Each of these industry segments has representation on the NAFA board of directors.

Status And New Developments In Seed Coatings, Bill Talley

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The acceptance and use of coated alfalfa seed has become the standard of how alfalfa seed is being sold. Coated seed, refers to a buildup in coating material of 10-34%. Seventy percent of proprietary alfalfa seed is now buildup coated, and 80 % of that amount is a 34% coating. The remaining is a 10% buildup and is usually only used as a carrier for inoculation and fungicide. The higher buildup coatings are able to carry more active ingredients that also enhance the agronomic benefit to the young seedling. The benefits to the young seedling, from the components of the …

Kentucky Department Of Agriculture Hay Testing Program, Kim Field

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The Kentucky Department of Agriculture offers a forage testing service which provides nutritional and energy value information. A Kentucky Department of Agriculture staff member will take sample(s) of hay and/or haylage at the farm and analyze them in the Kentucky Department of Agriculture Forage Laboratory located in Frankfort. Tested forages can mean higher profit, whether feeding cattle, horses, goats, sheep or other livestock. By knowing the nutritional and energy value, you can minimize your cost and maximize your production.

Marketing Quality Hay, Tom Keene

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

When marketing quality alfalfa hay, you basically have two markets that you are going to try to target. First, you are going to be in the cash hay market, that’s where you will sell alfalfa hay to several different entities…..locally, statewide, nationally, or potentially internationally. Secondly, and more commonly, you will be marketing your hay to your own livestock enterprise on your farm. Several times every month, I have people call me and ask me what their hay is worth. I tell them very honestly I have no idea what their hay is worth; only by keeping track of their …

How Are Roundup Ready Varieties Performing, S. Ray Smith

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Roundup Ready® Alfalfa

The most significant new development in alfalfa varieties was the January 27, 2011 decision by USDA to deregulate Roundup Ready® Alfalfa (RRA) without conditions. This was the final step in an extensive environmental review process by the USDA that took place over a 4 year period of time. If you would like to know more about the safety of Roundup Ready® Alfalfa you can review the complete Environmental Impact Statement at: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/biotechnology/downloads/alfalfa/gt_alfalfa%20_feis.pdf.

Most importantly, seed dealers in Kentucky and surrounding states now have Roundup varieties available for sale.

Getting More From Your Alfalfa, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Today marks the 32nd consecutive year we have come together to discuss alfalfa and its role on your farm, in Kentucky, and our nation. Over these 32 years we have discussed many topics and seen many advances, unfortunately we aren’t making progress relative to acres, yield and quality that I would like to see. Maybe I am getting impatient as I am actually thinking about retirement. Now wait, you are one step ahead of me. I know you are thinking he has shown many graphs, tables and charts over the years showing how we have improved and yes, I know …

Foreword And Recipients Of Kentucky Alfalfa Awards [2012], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

No abstract provided.

2012-2013 Lime And Nutrient Recommendations, Lloyd Murdock, Edwin Ritchey

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

The recommendations found in this publication are a result of a biennial review of soil fertility research and soil test data collected in Kentucky.

Effect Of Tray Type And Tray Covering On Wicking Speed, Germination, And Spiral Rooting Of Tobacco, William A. Bailey, Bill Pitt

Plant and Soil Sciences Research Report

Poor tray wicking and spiral rooting continue to be recurring concerns in tobacco float systems. Poor wicking of trays can usually be attributed to old media or media that was improperly stored for extended periods of time. Tray design may also influence speed of wicking. The clay-based pelleting materials used to coat tobacco seeds are thought to cause damage to the emerging root radical under certain conditions, leading to an increased incidence of spiral root. Practices that change the microenvironment at the top of the cell area surrounding the seed may reduce spiral rooting by altering the breakdown of the …

Depositional Environments And Sequence Stratigraphy Of A Breathitt Group Exposure, U.S. 25e, Flat Lick, Kentucky, Kathryn E. Hoffmeister, Eric G. Hogan, Steven M. Holland

Information Circular--KGS

The Pennsylvanian fluvial deltaic Breathitt Group is exposed along U.S. 25E near Flat Lick, Ky. This exposure is ideal for field trips because of the quality of the exposure, its accessibility, the range of facies present, and its potential for demonstrating principles of outcrop-based sequence-stratigraphic interpretation. Eight facies are present and represent deposition in fluvial, delta-plain, and delta-front environments. Several facies contain an abundance of trace fossils, and a wide range of sedimentary structures are also present. Flooding surfaces are well developed in the delta front and delta plain and are characterized by abrupt contacts with distal, deeper-water deltaic environments …

Tillage And Subsoiling Effects On Soil Compaction And Yield Of Burley Tobacco, Edwin L. Ritchey, Robert C. Pearce, John H. Grove

Plant and Soil Sciences Research Report

Historically, tobacco producers have relied heavily on surface tillage to prepare fields for transplanting. This typically involved moldboard plowing, followed by several secondary tillage operations, such as discing then leveling with a soil finisher. Transplanter developments and modifications in the late 1990’s, coupled with new chemicals for weed control, made no-till (NT) tobacco a viable option for tobacco producers in Kentucky (KY).

Co-Grazing Beef Cattle And Goats In Kentucky, David C. Ditsch, Patty Scharko

Plant and Soil Sciences Research Report

A two season grazing study of mixed (goats and beef cattle) species was conducted in 2006 and 2008 at Sebastian Farms in Breathitt County KY. The objective of this study was to determine if the order of mixed species grazing affected beef cattle and goat weight gain and goat exposure to the barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) in a rotational grazing system. In this study, two co-grazing management strategies were tested. In treatment 1, goats and cattle were rotationally grazed together. In treatment 2, goats rotated through pastures as first grazers followed by cattle. Each co-grazing treatment was …

Model Ordinance For Development On Karst In Kentucky: Guidance For Construction On Karst Terrain And The Reduction Of Property Damage And Threat To Human Health Resulting From Karst Geologic Hazard, James C. Currens

Information Circular--KGS

I have dealt with hundreds of incidents of karst-related geohazards; some have caused major damage to buildings and infrastructure. Although cases are largely limited to the ground surface being made unusable, a significant number of structures are damaged by karst flooding or cover collapse each year, which is devastating to families who have lost their homes. Most of these events should never have happened, because the karst hazard could have been avoided by selecting a better building site or designing the building to withstand the damage from the hazard. Furthermore, most of the planning authorities I have had experience with …

Mines And Minerals Of The Western Kentucky Fluorspar District, Warren H. Anderson, Thomas N. Sparks

Map and Chart--KGS

This map shows all the known and identified mines, mineral prospects, and igneous intrusions (dikes or sills) in the Western Kentucky Fluorspar District, compiled from thousands of maps and files, creating an up-to-date, comprehensive catalog for the district. The district has been extensively mined for more than 120 years and was once the largest producer of fluorspar (fluorite) in the United States.

Millions of tons of vein ore minerals (fluorite, zinc, lead, and barite) has been produced from these mines, and substantial reserves still remain. New mining and exploration activity has renewed interest in the district, and the industry will …

Sh-Wave Refraction And Reflection Investigation Of Quaternary Geology―Central United States Seismic Observatory, Carrington L. Wright

Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences

The Central United States Seismic Observatory (CUSSO) consists of an array of vertical strong motion accelerometers and medium period seismometers that penetrate 585 m into the Mississippi Embayment sediments and terminates into Paleozoic bedrock. The array is located in the New Madrid Seismic Zone within the upper embayment. The thick unconsolidated Quaternary sediments have the potential to influence strong motions; understanding how these sediments affect ground motion is the goal of the CUSSO array. Nine SH-wave refraction and five P-wave common midpoint reflection surveys were collected within a 1 km radius around the CUSSO borehole in order to characterize the …

Geothermobarometric Analysis And Tectonic Evolution Of The Liverpool Land Eclogites, East Greenland Caledonides, Gabriel E. Richarde

Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences

Mineral chemistry and thermobarometry of mafic pods in the Liverpool Land Eclogite Terrane (LLET) provide insight into potential relationships with regional high-pressure (HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terranes such as the North East Greenland Eclogite Province (NEGEP), the Western Gneiss Region (WGR), and HP granulites in the East Greenland Caledonides at Payer Land. Grt-cpx thermometry and jadeite barometry performed on garnet and omphacite cores in a sequence of retrogressed eclogites give minimum and average P-T values across six samples for eclogite at 18.4 ± 3.7 kbar at 764 ± 156 °C. Granulite facies conditions based on early retrograde Opx-Plag symplectites, garnet …

Using Lidar To Map Landslides In Kenton And Campbell Counties, Kentucky, Matthew M. Crawford

Report of Investigations--KGS

The geology and topography of northern Kentucky and Cincinnati make the area susceptible to landslides. Decades of development and slope modification have contributed to the area being prone to landslides and having one of the highest costs per capita in the United States for landslide damage. The slow nature of some landslides and incremental damage that can span several decades often result in lack of awareness of the problem, however. Many of the landslides go unreported, and citizens do not take advantage of resources to become educated about mitigating the problem.

Research at the Kentucky Geological Survey developed a methodology …

Automated System To Improve Levelness Of Reconstructed Soil, Venkata Srikiran Bodapati, Larry G. Wells

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Extraction of coal, ores, and minerals from the earth by surface mining has occurred for many years and has always presented a significant challenge with regard to restoration of productive soil to mined areas. Federal and state regulations require that land should be returned to pre-mine productivity or reclaimed as per specific standards following mining. Excessive compaction of reconstructed soil caused by traffic of heavy earth moving equipment has been an enduring challenge regarding successful restoration of soil. A mechanical system was previously designed and developed to reconstruct soil to a depth of 1.22 m (48 in.) while completely avoiding …

Integrated Geophysical Investigation Of Karst Features – Inner Bluegrass Region Of Kentucky, Jamin C. Frommel

Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences

High-resolution electrical-resistivity, seismic-refraction, and seismic-reflection surveys were performed at three locations in the Inner Bluegrass Region of Kentucky along coincident survey lines in order to correlate results and determine which method is most effective at locating karst features in this area. The first two survey locations at Slack’s Cave and the Kentucky Horse Park were chosen in order to investigate known karst features. High and low electrical-resistivity anomalies were correlated to air- and water-filled karst voids, respectively. Seismic velocity anomalies, including parabolic time suppressions, amplitude terminations, and surface-wave backscatters, were also observed and correlated to these karst voids. These findings …

The Evolution Of Grenville Basement In The Eastern Great Smoky Mountains; Constraints From U-Pb Zircon Geochronology, Whole Rock Sm-Nd, And Feldspar Pb Geochemistry, Ryan Joel Quinn

Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences

Identifying the crustal affinity of Grenville basement rocks in the Dellwood quadrangle, western NC, provides insight into the tectonic evolution of eastern Laurentia during Grenville orogenesis. U-Pb zircon geochronology of orthogneiss, augen gneiss, and mafic xenoliths in orthogneiss reveal magmatic pulses at 1130, 1180, and 1330 Ma and metamorphic episodes at 450 and 1040 Ma. Xenoliths in 1330 Ma orthogneiss are as old as 1382 Ma and represent the oldest component of Blue Ridge basement identified to-date. Feldspar Pb isotope values span a range between juvenile-Laurentian and southern-central Appalachian basement/Amazonia. Most Pb isotope data define an array consistent with crustal …