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Articles 31 - 60 of 386
Full-Text Articles in Earth Sciences
A Multi-Proxy Approach For Understanding The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact (Cretaceous / Paleogene Boundary) And Its Aftermath, Hermann D. BermúDez
A Multi-Proxy Approach For Understanding The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact (Cretaceous / Paleogene Boundary) And Its Aftermath, Hermann D. BermúDez
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
The Chicxulub asteroid impact in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexican Caribbean, coincides with the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary (K/Pg boundary ~66Ma) and marked the extinction of three-quarters of the species, including the iconic non-avian dinosaurs. The collision created a massive crater, releasing enormous amounts of energy and expelling millions of tons of molten and vaporized materials into the atmosphere. Chicxulub is an ideal case study for massive impact events since it is the only recognized asteroid impact on Earth's history that preserved a globally traceable ejecta layer representing a precise time-stratigraphic marker. Although numerous studies have examined the consequences of …
Ocean-Ice Sheet Interactions During Super-Interglacial Mis 31: Comparison Of Rock Magnetic Records From The Scotia Sea (59.1°S) And Fram Strait (76.5°N), Olga Libman-Roshal
Ocean-Ice Sheet Interactions During Super-Interglacial Mis 31: Comparison Of Rock Magnetic Records From The Scotia Sea (59.1°S) And Fram Strait (76.5°N), Olga Libman-Roshal
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
The mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) was a period spanning ~1.2-0.7 Ma when glacial-interglacial cyclicity changed from 41 kyr obliquity paced to 100 kyr eccentricity paced cycles with increased glacial-interglacial contrast post-MPT. Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 31 was a “super-interglacial” within the MPT and occurred in the recent geological past (1.08-1.06 Ma). During MIS 31, the tectonic configuration resembled the present day, but Earth’s orbital parameters were marked by maximum values of eccentricity and obliquity while atmospheric CO2 remained at pre-industrial levels (below 280 ppm). MIS 31 therefore offers a valuable baseline for testing the impacts of modern anthropogenic CO2 levels combined …
Highly Contaminated Sediments From The Gowanus Canal (New York) Superfund Site: An Environmental Forensic Approach, Michael A. Kruge, Kevin K. Olsen, Eric A Stern, Maria Mastalerz, Albert Permanyer
Highly Contaminated Sediments From The Gowanus Canal (New York) Superfund Site: An Environmental Forensic Approach, Michael A. Kruge, Kevin K. Olsen, Eric A Stern, Maria Mastalerz, Albert Permanyer
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The 2.5 km long Gowanus Canal (Brooklyn, NY, USA) is a severely contaminated urban waterway dating from the mid-19th century, listed as a US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Superfund site since 2010. Applying an environmental forensics approach to the extensive USEPA data set, we detect systematic variations in parent PAH ring number distributions in the canal sediments, as well as an extraordinary enrichment in organic carbon. We subjected a supplemental sample set to a more detailed analysis by quantitative pyrolysis-GC-MS, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and organic petrology. With these sensitive methods, we can confirm the alkyl-PAH fingerprint of coal tar (a legacy …
Life Cycle Assessment Of New Jersey Offshore Wind, Meghann Smith, Nawal Shoaib, Pankaj Lal
Life Cycle Assessment Of New Jersey Offshore Wind, Meghann Smith, Nawal Shoaib, Pankaj Lal
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
As offshore wind gains momentum within US (United States) renewable energy goals, New Jersey's ambitious targets for offshore wind development represent a significant opportunity to reduce emissions and transition towards cleaner energy sources. This study presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a planned offshore wind farm off of New Jersey's coast, emphasizing the implications of a domestic supply chain. Key findings suggest that the offshore wind farm is projected to produce 0.013 kg CO2 kWh−1 of electricity generated, reflecting a 98 % decrease in carbon emissions compared to natural-gas-derived electricity. Further, when compared to carbon emissions from other renewable …
Onset Of The Messinian Salinity Crisis: Insights From Molecular Organic Geochemistry, Albert Permanyer, Michael A. Kruge, Luis Gibert
Onset Of The Messinian Salinity Crisis: Insights From Molecular Organic Geochemistry, Albert Permanyer, Michael A. Kruge, Luis Gibert
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) generated extensive anoxic sediments under the evaporitic deposits in marginal Mediterranean basins. In an interdisciplinary approach combining field work with multiple laboratory techniques, the oil source rock potential and biomarkers of pre-evaporitic Messinian sediments from the Caltanissetta Basin (Sicily) were evaluated using Rock-Eval pyrolysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, isotopic analysis and optical and electron microscopy. Organic-rich samples from the 45 m Serra Pirciata section consist of cycles of diatomaceous and carbonate layers alternating with organic shales of variable TOC. The organic matter is mostly optically amorphous, increasing in content upwards in the section. Of the 43 …
Standard Operating Procedures For The Laser Particle Size Analysis Of Terrigenous Sediments And Soils, Sandra Passchier
Standard Operating Procedures For The Laser Particle Size Analysis Of Terrigenous Sediments And Soils, Sandra Passchier
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
This report details the preferred standard operating procedures for use of the Malvern Mastersizer 3000 (MS 3000) laser particle sizer in the analysis of terrigenous sediments and soils. Materials with median grain size < 500 µm can be measured on the MS3000. Preparation methods of sediment and soil samples before placing them in the laser particle sizer are described and the details of and rational behind the instrument standard operating protocols.
West Antarctic Ice Retreat And Paleoceanography In The Amundsen Sea In The Warm Early Pliocene, Sandra Passchier, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Sidney R. Hemming, Werner Ehrmann, Thomas Frederichs, Steven M. Bohaty, Ronald Leon, Olga Libman-Roshal, Lisbeth Mino-Moreira, Karsten Gohl, Julia S. Wellner
West Antarctic Ice Retreat And Paleoceanography In The Amundsen Sea In The Warm Early Pliocene, Sandra Passchier, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Sidney R. Hemming, Werner Ehrmann, Thomas Frederichs, Steven M. Bohaty, Ronald Leon, Olga Libman-Roshal, Lisbeth Mino-Moreira, Karsten Gohl, Julia S. Wellner
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Mass loss from polar ice sheets is poorly constrained in estimates of future global sea-level rise. Today, the marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet is losing mass at an accelerating rate, most notably in the Thwaites and Pine Island glacier drainage basins. Early Pliocene surface temperatures were about 4 °C warmer than preindustrial and maximum sea level stood ~20 m above present. Using data from a sediment archive on the Amundsen Sea continental rise, we investigate the impact of prolonged Pliocene ocean warmth on the ice-sheet−ocean system. We show that, in contrast to today, during peak ocean warming ~4.6 − 4.5 …
Modeling The Impact Of Explosive Volcanism On Biogeochemical Cycling At The Peak Of The Late Paleozoic Icehouse, Lily S. Pfeifer, Qingting Wu, Ying Cui, Gerilyn S. Soreghan
Modeling The Impact Of Explosive Volcanism On Biogeochemical Cycling At The Peak Of The Late Paleozoic Icehouse, Lily S. Pfeifer, Qingting Wu, Ying Cui, Gerilyn S. Soreghan
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The peak of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) coincided with atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) lows, and large-magnitude fluctuations in glacial-interglacial pCO2, but the driver(s) for pCO2 drawdown at this time remain debated. Backed by parameters for the frequency and magnitude of Late Carboniferous volcanism derived from the rock record, we apply an intermediate complexity Earth system model to evaluate the biogeochemical impacts of ash-borne nutrients from frequent (decadal) and explosive silicic volcanism on nutrient cycling ca. 310–300 Ma. Results show that volcanic perturbations result in negligible changes in marine particulate organic carbon export concurrent with sustained increases in pCO2 …
Urbanization In Resource-Based County-Level Cities In China: A Case Study Of New Urbanization In Wuan City, Hebei Province, Jianguang Hou, Danlin Yu, Hao Song, Zhiguo Zhang
Urbanization In Resource-Based County-Level Cities In China: A Case Study Of New Urbanization In Wuan City, Hebei Province, Jianguang Hou, Danlin Yu, Hao Song, Zhiguo Zhang
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
This study investigates the complex dynamics of new-type urbanization in resource-based county-level cities, using Wuan City in Hebei Province, China, as a representative case. As China pursues a high-quality development agenda, cities historically dependent on resource extraction face profound challenges in achieving sustainable and inclusive urban growth. This research employs a multi-method approach—including Theil index analysis, industrial shift-share analysis, a Cobb–Douglas production function model, and a composite urbanization index—to quantitatively diagnose the constraints on Wuan’s development and assess its transformation efforts. Our empirical results reveal a multifaceted situation: while the urban–rural income gap has narrowed, rural income streams remain fragile. …
Regional Groundwater Flow And Advective Contaminant Transport Modeling In A Typical Hydrogeological Environment Of Northern New Jersey, Toritseju Oyen, Duke Ophori
Regional Groundwater Flow And Advective Contaminant Transport Modeling In A Typical Hydrogeological Environment Of Northern New Jersey, Toritseju Oyen, Duke Ophori
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
This study develops a numerical model to simulate groundwater flow and contaminant transport in a “typical hydrogeological environment” of northern New Jersey, addressing freshwater decline. Focusing on the Lower Passaic water management area (WMA), we model chloride transport in a fractured-rock aquifer, where fracture networks control hydraulic conductivity and porosity. The urbanized setting—encompassing Montclair State University (MSU) and municipal wells—features heterogeneous groundwater systems and critical water resources, providing an ideal case study for worst-case contaminant transport scenarios. Using MODFLOW and MODPATH, we simulated flow and tracked particles over 20 years. Results show that chloride from MSU reached the Third River …
Spatiotemporal Evaluation Of Water Quality, Metal Pollution, And Human Health Risks In A Dredged Urban River, New Jersey, Usa, Oluwafemi Soetan, Qingzhi Zhu, Huan Feng
Spatiotemporal Evaluation Of Water Quality, Metal Pollution, And Human Health Risks In A Dredged Urban River, New Jersey, Usa, Oluwafemi Soetan, Qingzhi Zhu, Huan Feng
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Although the short-term effectiveness of remedial sediment dredging (RSD) on mitigating sediment contamination in the lower Passaic river (LPR), New Jersey, USA, was previously established in previous studies, dredging impacts on overlying water and consequential effects on aquatic life and human health were not investigated through model-based risk assessment methods. This study assessed the influence of RSD on metal pollution and toxicological risks upstream and downstream of River Mile-3.4, which was the subject of a 2012 RSD. Over the pre-, during-, and post-dredging periods, threats to aquatic life and humans were greater upstream at River Mile-4 (WQIavg. ≥ 50, PIavg. …
Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Available Freshwater Resources In Watersheds Across Northern New Jersey, Toritseju Oyen, Duke Ophori
Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Available Freshwater Resources In Watersheds Across Northern New Jersey, Toritseju Oyen, Duke Ophori
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Groundwater is a critical freshwater resource, yet its quality is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, particularly in urbanized regions. This study employs geospatial analysis to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of groundwater quality across 11 Watershed Management Areas (WMAs) in northern New Jersey, from 1999 to 2016. Using specific conductance (SC) as a proxy for salinity, we applied Ordinary Kriging interpolation to estimate SC values in unmonitored locations, leveraging data from 295 shallow wells within the New Jersey Ambient Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network. The results reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in groundwater quality, strongly associated with land use and road density. The …
Toward Integrated Urban Observatories: Synthesizing Remote And Social Sensing In Urban Science, Danlin Yu
Toward Integrated Urban Observatories: Synthesizing Remote And Social Sensing In Urban Science, Danlin Yu
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Urbanization is reshaping landscapes and posing unprecedented sustainability challenges, necessitating more integrative approaches to urban observation. This review synthesizes recent advancements in traditional remote sensing and emerging social sensing technologies, emphasizing their convergence within urban science. A systematic thematic analysis of 667 peer-reviewed articles highlights the methodological progress, practical applications, and theoretical innovations arising from this integration. Traditional remote sensing effectively captures urban physical features but lacks insights into human behaviors. Conversely, social sensing, leveraging digital traces from social media and mobile data, introduces essential human-centered dimensions into urban monitoring. The fusion of these complementary paradigms through advanced data analytics …
The Future Of The Us Marine Seafloor And Subseafloor Sampling Capabilities, Future 2024 Pi-Team, Olga Libman‐Roshal
The Future Of The Us Marine Seafloor And Subseafloor Sampling Capabilities, Future 2024 Pi-Team, Olga Libman‐Roshal
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Recent changes in US oceanographic assets are impacting scientists' ability to access seafloor and sub-seafloor materials and thus constraining progress on science critical for societal needs. Here we identify national infrastructure needs to address critical science questions. This commentary reports on community-driven discussions that took place during the 3-day FUTURE of US Seafloor Sampling Capabilities 2024 Workshop, which used an “all-hands-on-deck” approach to assess seafloor and sub-seafloor sampling requirements of a broad range of scientific objectives, focusing on capabilities that could be supported through the US Academic Research Fleet (US-ARF) now or in the near future. Cross-cutting issues identified …
Life Cycle Assessment Of Co-Located Floating Solar And Offshore Wind, Danela Sadikaj, Meghann Smith
Life Cycle Assessment Of Co-Located Floating Solar And Offshore Wind, Danela Sadikaj, Meghann Smith
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Is combining floating solar and offshore wind platforms feasible for increasing energy capacity while displacing the environmental impacts that each of these systems has independently? In recent years offshore wind has become a very popular option to decarbonize the energy sector without overtaking valuable land. While floating solar is not a new technology, using solar in a marine environment is still in an experimental phase. This research proposes a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model of co-located solar technology within the proposed offshore wind farms near New Jersey’s coastline. While both technologies themselves are zero-emission while operating, they each require a …
Reducing Emissions And Increasing Resource Efficiency In Offshore Wind Turbines: Insight From Life Cycle Analysis, Jean Claire Pineda, Meghann Smith
Reducing Emissions And Increasing Resource Efficiency In Offshore Wind Turbines: Insight From Life Cycle Analysis, Jean Claire Pineda, Meghann Smith
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Globally, offshore wind (OSW) has been identified as a key technology for decarbonization. While OSW’s development timeline remains uncertain in the United States, New Jersey has set the ambitious goal of 11 GW by 2040. OSW produces zero carbon emissions; however, it relies heavily on resource-intensive materials like steel, rare earth elements, and copper, and manufacturing those materials have numerous environmental impacts, including carbon emissions. Supply chain disruptions—from COVID-19, rising material costs, and geopolitical challenges—add further complexity. Previous research modelled the environmental impacts of Atlantic Shores OSW South Project with an established domestic supply chain, producing 0.013kg CO2 per kWh. …
Fossil Leaf Cuticle: Best Practices For Preparation And Paleo-Co2 Analysis, Xiaoqing Zhang, Dana L. Royer, Carina E. Colombi, Juan Martin Drovandi, Jennifer C. Mcelwain, Gaëtan Guignard, Qin Leng, Barry H. Lomax, Nathan D. Sheldon, Rebekah A. Stein, Garland R. Upchurch, Yongdong Wang, Hong Yang, Richard S. Barclay, Ying Cui, Wolfram Kürschner, Joseph N. Milligan, Isabel Montañez, Jon D. Richey, Tammo Reichgelt, Gongle Shi, Selena Y. Smith, Margret Steinthorsdottir
Fossil Leaf Cuticle: Best Practices For Preparation And Paleo-Co2 Analysis, Xiaoqing Zhang, Dana L. Royer, Carina E. Colombi, Juan Martin Drovandi, Jennifer C. Mcelwain, Gaëtan Guignard, Qin Leng, Barry H. Lomax, Nathan D. Sheldon, Rebekah A. Stein, Garland R. Upchurch, Yongdong Wang, Hong Yang, Richard S. Barclay, Ying Cui, Wolfram Kürschner, Joseph N. Milligan, Isabel Montañez, Jon D. Richey, Tammo Reichgelt, Gongle Shi, Selena Y. Smith, Margret Steinthorsdottir
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Leaf cuticle is the waxy envelope that protects leaves from desiccation, UV damage, and abrasion. The cuticle encodes information about a plant's chemistry and leaf epidermal and stomatal cell morphology. Fossil leaf cuticle has been used to determine taxonomic affinities for almost two centuries and recognized in recent decades for its value in reconstructing paleoenvironments and paleoclimates, especially atmospheric CO2. Fossil leaf cuticle preparation techniques are typically reported as single workflows tied to individual studies, starting with finding fossils in the field through the steps of preparing cuticle for chemical and morphological analysis, including decisions about type of microscopy and …
A Comprehensive Assessment Approach For Multiscale Regional Economic Development: Fusion Modeling Of Nighttime Lights And Openstreetmap Data, Zhe Wang, Jianghua Zheng, Chuqiao Han, Binbin Lu, Danlin Yu, Juan Yang, Linzhi Han
A Comprehensive Assessment Approach For Multiscale Regional Economic Development: Fusion Modeling Of Nighttime Lights And Openstreetmap Data, Zhe Wang, Jianghua Zheng, Chuqiao Han, Binbin Lu, Danlin Yu, Juan Yang, Linzhi Han
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Assessing regional economic development is key for advancing towards the Sustainable Development Goals and ensuring sustainable societal progress. Traditional evaluation methods focus on basic economic metrics like population and capital, which may not fully reflect the complexities of economic activities. Nighttime light (NTL) has been validated as an alternative indicator for regional economic development, yet limitations persist in its evaluation. This study integrates OpenStreetMap (OSM) data and NTL data, providing a novel data integration approach for evaluating economic development. The study uses mainland of China as a case, applying ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to evaluate …
Inferences Of Source Lithologies For Chicxulub Microtektites Using A Bayesian Approach, Jack Carter, Paolo Sanchez, Anthony J. Fuentes, Paul R. Renne, Dale H. Burns, Hermann D. Bermúdez
Inferences Of Source Lithologies For Chicxulub Microtektites Using A Bayesian Approach, Jack Carter, Paolo Sanchez, Anthony J. Fuentes, Paul R. Renne, Dale H. Burns, Hermann D. Bermúdez
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The Chicxulub impact on the Yucatán Peninsula at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (KPB) was a likely contributor to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Glassy objects produced by quenched melt from the impact were distributed over a large region centered on the Caribbean basin and have long been known to preserve compositional information that could allow for more robust constraints on the pre-impact target lithologies. The Chicxulub-derived glasses are generally altered in most localities, but a recently discovered deposit at Gorgonilla Island, Colombia, yields a large percentage of unaltered glassy microtektites up to ∼2 mm (There is inconsistent usage of these terms in …
Accurate Estimation Of Jujube Leaf Chlorophyll Content Using Optimized Spectral Indices And Machine Learning Methods Integrating Geospatial Information, Nigela Tuerxun, Sulei Naibi, Jianghua Zheng, Renjun Wang, Lei Wang, Binbin Lu, Danlin Yu
Accurate Estimation Of Jujube Leaf Chlorophyll Content Using Optimized Spectral Indices And Machine Learning Methods Integrating Geospatial Information, Nigela Tuerxun, Sulei Naibi, Jianghua Zheng, Renjun Wang, Lei Wang, Binbin Lu, Danlin Yu
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) is vital for photosynthesis and ecosystem functioning; it influences carbon, water, and energy exchanges while serving as an indicator of photosynthetic activity and nitrogen levels in precision agriculture. Hyperspectral data enable precise LCC monitoring by extracting spectral indices through optimal band combination (OBC) and predicting LCC with machine learning. However, OBC faces dimensionality issues, and machine learning models often overlook geographical influences, potentially reducing prediction accuracy. This study hypothesizes that developing spectral indices from important wavelengths and integrating geospatial data into machine learning models can address these issues and increase prediction accuracy. To test this hypothesis, …
The Sedimentological Signature Of Impact Spherules And Its Relation To Ejecta Transport Mechanisms During The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact (Cretaceous/Paleogene Boundary), Hermann D. Bermúdez, Liliana Bolívar, José A. Arz, Ignacio Arenillas, Vicente Gilabert, Robert Depalma, George Phillips, Daniela Bermúdez, Maurizia De Palma, Clemencia Gómez, Ying Cui
The Sedimentological Signature Of Impact Spherules And Its Relation To Ejecta Transport Mechanisms During The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact (Cretaceous/Paleogene Boundary), Hermann D. Bermúdez, Liliana Bolívar, José A. Arz, Ignacio Arenillas, Vicente Gilabert, Robert Depalma, George Phillips, Daniela Bermúdez, Maurizia De Palma, Clemencia Gómez, Ying Cui
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The Chicxulub impact is the most likely cause of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary (KPB) mass extinction and the only impact event in Earth's history with a globally traceable ejecta bed. Although the impact spherules are thought to represent molten or vaporized material, precise genesis and transport mechanisms remain underconstrained. Here, we show that the morphology, size, internal structure, and distribution of the spherules within the KPB deposits are related to origin and transport processes. The study of thousands of spherules from KPB deposits in Colombia, the USA, and Spain has revealed the presence of three fractions related to three different distribution …
Smart Cities, Smart Systems: A Comprehensive Review Of System Dynamics Model Applications In Urban Studies In The Big Data Era, Gift Fabolude, Charles Knoble, Anvy Vu, Danlin Yu
Smart Cities, Smart Systems: A Comprehensive Review Of System Dynamics Model Applications In Urban Studies In The Big Data Era, Gift Fabolude, Charles Knoble, Anvy Vu, Danlin Yu
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
This paper addresses urban sustainability challenges amid global urbanization, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals. While traditional tools and linear models offer insights, they fall short in presenting a holistic view of complex urban challenges. System dynamics (SD) models that are often utilized to provide holistic, systematic understanding of a research subject, like the urban system, emerge as valuable tools, but data scarcity and theoretical inadequacy pose challenges. The research reviews relevant papers on recent SD model applications in urban sustainability since 2018, categorizing them based on nine key indicators. Among the reviewed papers, …
Nanoparticles Of Iridium And Other Platinum Group Elements Identified In Chicxulub Asteroid Impact Spherules – Implications For Impact Winter And Profound Climate Change, Vivi Vajda, Susan Nehzati, Gavin Kenny, Hermann D. Bermúdez, Ashley Krüger, Alexander Björling, Adriana Ocampo, Ying Cui, Kajsa G.V. Sigfridsson Clauss
Nanoparticles Of Iridium And Other Platinum Group Elements Identified In Chicxulub Asteroid Impact Spherules – Implications For Impact Winter And Profound Climate Change, Vivi Vajda, Susan Nehzati, Gavin Kenny, Hermann D. Bermúdez, Ashley Krüger, Alexander Björling, Adriana Ocampo, Ying Cui, Kajsa G.V. Sigfridsson Clauss
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The Chicxulub asteroid that ended the Cretaceous Era ∼66.05 million years ago caused a prolonged time of global darkness – the impact winter – leading to mass extinctions. Elements from the asteroid, including the platinum group elements (PGEs) osmium, iridium and platinum are known from the globally distributed boundary clay but their carrier elements have so far been unknown. We identify, for the first time in detail, the presence of these PGEs within Chicxulub impact spherules and importantly, we identify their carrier elements. We show through synchrotron Nano-XRF how these PGEs occur in nanostructures as un-ordered cube- and/or needle-like crystals …
Site U1554, R. E. Parnell-Turner, A. Briais, L. J. Levay, Y. Cui, A. Di Chiara, J. P. Dodd, T. Dunkley Jones, D. Dwyer, D. E. Eason, S. A. Friedman, S. R. Hemming, K. Hochmuth, H. Ibrahim, C. Jasper, B. T. Karatsolis, S. Lee, D. E. Leblanc, M. R. Lindsay, D. D. Mcnamara, S. E. Modestou, B. Murton, S. Oconnell, G. T. Pasquet, P. N. Pearson, S. P. Qian, Y. Rosenthal, S. Satolli, M. Sinnesael, T. Suzuki, T. Thulasi Doss, N. J. White, T. Wu
Site U1554, R. E. Parnell-Turner, A. Briais, L. J. Levay, Y. Cui, A. Di Chiara, J. P. Dodd, T. Dunkley Jones, D. Dwyer, D. E. Eason, S. A. Friedman, S. R. Hemming, K. Hochmuth, H. Ibrahim, C. Jasper, B. T. Karatsolis, S. Lee, D. E. Leblanc, M. R. Lindsay, D. D. Mcnamara, S. E. Modestou, B. Murton, S. Oconnell, G. T. Pasquet, P. N. Pearson, S. P. Qian, Y. Rosenthal, S. Satolli, M. Sinnesael, T. Suzuki, T. Thulasi Doss, N. J. White, T. Wu
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Site U1555, A. Briais, R. E. Parnell-Turner, L. J. Levay, Y. Cui, A. Di Chiara, J. P. Dodd, T. Dunkley Jones, D. Dwyer, D. E. Eason, S. A. Friedman, S. R. Hemming, K. Hochmuth, H. Ibrahim, C. Jasper, B. T. Karatsolis, S. Lee, D. E. Leblanc, M. R. Lindsay, D. D. Mcnamara, S. E. Modestou, B. Murton, S. Oconnell, G. T. Pasquet, P. N. Pearson, S. P. Qian, Y. Rosenthal, S. Satolli, M. Sinnesael, T. Suzuki, T. Thulasi Doss, N. J. White, T. Wu
Site U1555, A. Briais, R. E. Parnell-Turner, L. J. Levay, Y. Cui, A. Di Chiara, J. P. Dodd, T. Dunkley Jones, D. Dwyer, D. E. Eason, S. A. Friedman, S. R. Hemming, K. Hochmuth, H. Ibrahim, C. Jasper, B. T. Karatsolis, S. Lee, D. E. Leblanc, M. R. Lindsay, D. D. Mcnamara, S. E. Modestou, B. Murton, S. Oconnell, G. T. Pasquet, P. N. Pearson, S. P. Qian, Y. Rosenthal, S. Satolli, M. Sinnesael, T. Suzuki, T. Thulasi Doss, N. J. White, T. Wu
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Expedition 395 Summary, R. E. Parnell-Turner, A. Briais, L. J. Levay, Y. Cui, A. Di Chiara, J. P. Dodd, T. Dunkley Jones, D. Dwyer, D. E. Eason, S. A. Friedman, S. R. Hemming, K. Hochmuth, H. Ibrahim, C. Jasper, B. T. Karatsolis, S. Lee, D. E. Leblanc, M. R. Lindsay, D. D. Mcnamara, S. E. Modestou, B. Murton, S. Oconnell, G. T. Pasquet, P. N. Pearson, S. P. Qian, Y. Rosenthal, S. Satolli, M. Sinnesael, T. Suzuki, T. Thulasi Doss, N. J. White, T. Wu
Expedition 395 Summary, R. E. Parnell-Turner, A. Briais, L. J. Levay, Y. Cui, A. Di Chiara, J. P. Dodd, T. Dunkley Jones, D. Dwyer, D. E. Eason, S. A. Friedman, S. R. Hemming, K. Hochmuth, H. Ibrahim, C. Jasper, B. T. Karatsolis, S. Lee, D. E. Leblanc, M. R. Lindsay, D. D. Mcnamara, S. E. Modestou, B. Murton, S. Oconnell, G. T. Pasquet, P. N. Pearson, S. P. Qian, Y. Rosenthal, S. Satolli, M. Sinnesael, T. Suzuki, T. Thulasi Doss, N. J. White, T. Wu
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The intersection between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Iceland hotspot provides a natural laboratory where the composition and dynamics of Earth's upper mantle can be observed. Plume-ridge interaction drives variations in the melting regime, which result in a range of crustal types, including a series of V-shaped ridges (VSRs) and V-shaped troughs (VSTs) located south of Iceland. Mantle upwelling beneath Iceland dynamically supports regional bathymetry, and its variations may lead to changes in the height of oceanic gateways, which in turn control the flow of deep water on geologic timescales. Expeditions 384, 395C, and 395 recovered extensive successions of basaltic crust …
Environmental Justice Indicators: Evaluating Their Effectiveness In Identifying At-Risk Communities For Drinking Water Violations, Rae Cade, Danlin Yu, Kyle Whyte, Pankaj Lal, Cortni Borgerson
Environmental Justice Indicators: Evaluating Their Effectiveness In Identifying At-Risk Communities For Drinking Water Violations, Rae Cade, Danlin Yu, Kyle Whyte, Pankaj Lal, Cortni Borgerson
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Despite improvements to environmental protection initiatives, millions of Black, Indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC) continue to live in communities that are disproportionately affected by environmental contamination. Environmental Justice (EJ) screening tools, such as CalEnviroScreen, EJ Map, and PennEnviroScreen, have been developed to help state and federal governments gauge the extent of EJ in their jurisdictions. These screening tools have propelled the EJ advocacy initiative, illustrating the historic and ongoing disproportionate effects of contamination in many BIPOC communities. Yet, screening tools and their indicators vary, and we must understand how these tools and indicator choices differently identify at-risk communities, …
Net Evaporation-Induced Mangrove Area Loss Across Low-Lying Caribbean Islands, Isamar M. Cortés, Jorge Lorenzo-Trueba, Andre S. Rovai, Robert R. Twilley, Mark Chopping, Temilola Fatoyinbo
Net Evaporation-Induced Mangrove Area Loss Across Low-Lying Caribbean Islands, Isamar M. Cortés, Jorge Lorenzo-Trueba, Andre S. Rovai, Robert R. Twilley, Mark Chopping, Temilola Fatoyinbo
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Although mangroves provide many beneficial ecosystem services, such as blue carbon storage and coastal protection, they are currently under threat due to changes in climate conditions, such as prolonged drought exposure. Under drought conditions, evaporation exceeds precipitation and high soil salinities can lead to stunted growth and die-back. To quantify this interplay, we developed a database for low-lying and uninhabited mangrove islands in the Caribbean under various evaporation and precipitation regimes. We extracted physical and biological information from each island using remote sensing techniques and coupled it with a process-based model. We used this database to develop a model that …
The Climatic Pattern Of East Asia Shifted In Response To Cratonic Thinning In The Early Cretaceous, Wenbo Wang, Xu Chu, Jian Zhang, Ying Cui, Xuegen Chen, Yue Wang, Shangguo Su
The Climatic Pattern Of East Asia Shifted In Response To Cratonic Thinning In The Early Cretaceous, Wenbo Wang, Xu Chu, Jian Zhang, Ying Cui, Xuegen Chen, Yue Wang, Shangguo Su
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
In response to westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific, the North China Craton experienced the uplift of an eastern coastal plateau followed by subsidence in the Early Cretaceous, which potentially drove a shift in climatic patterns. Here we use the oxygen isotope ratios of garnets from magmatic-hydrothermal ore systems to infer the origins and signatures of mineralization fluids during this tectonic transition. The garnet oxygen isotope values range from approximately –11.4 to +13.5‰, with extremely depleted oxygen isotope ratios exclusively found in the northern margin, indicating extensive involvement of meteoric and lacustrine fluid in the back-arc hinterland. This geological record aligns …
From Crisis To Prevention: Mining Big Data For Public Health Insights During The Flint Water Crisis, Charles Knoble, Gift Fabolude, Anvy Vu, Danlin Yu
From Crisis To Prevention: Mining Big Data For Public Health Insights During The Flint Water Crisis, Charles Knoble, Gift Fabolude, Anvy Vu, Danlin Yu
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
This study investigates the utility of Google Trends and Google Search data in retrospectively analyzing the Flint Water Crisis, a significant public health event. By examining keywords relevant to the crisis, such as “lead,” “bottled water,” “water filters,” “pneumonia,” and “Legionnaires’ Disease,” we aimed to uncover patterns in public awareness and response during a public crisis and explore how such awareness and responses could potentially aid in reducing the risk of similar crises in the future. Our analysis reveals a clear correlation between search frequencies and the crisis timeline, with spikes in search terms corresponding to key events. This suggests …