Earth Sciences Commons^™

Lithofacies Paleogeography Of The Ordovician Kelimoli-Lashizhong Formations Along The Western Margin Of The Ordos Basin, Wang Weibin, Ma Zhanrong, Hu Aiping, Zhang Qian, Li Wenhou, Chen Qiang, Ma Yao, Wang Yanbo

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The period during the deposition of the Middle-Late Ordovician Kelimoli-Lashizhong formations witnessed a key transition of the tectonic framework along the western margin of the Ordos Basin. Investigating the lithofacies paleogeography of these formations can reveal the tectono-sedimentary responses during this period, thereby providing a basis for the resource potential prediction, exploration, and exploitation of natural gas in the study area. Methods Using field section observations, core observations, and log interpretations, as well as previous research results, this study comprehensively analyzed the Middle-Late Ordovician strata in the Ordos Basin from the perspectives of stratigraphy, sedimentary system division, and sedimentary …

Physical Simulation Experiments On 4d Visualization Of Dynamic Methane Diffusion And Adsorption In Low-Porosity And Low-Permeability Coals, Liu Tong, Jiao Baizhuo, Lin Baiquan, Sang Shuxun, Yang Wei, Liu Shiqi, Liu Ting, Li He, Yang Mingxing

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Method The diffusivity of methane (CH₄) in coal seams significantly influences the surface extraction of coalbed methane (CBM) and underground gas drainage. However, the visualized characterization of the diffusion and migration processes of CH₄ in coals remains challenging. To address this issue, this study systematically demonstrated the similarity between krypton (Kr) and CH₄ in their adsorption and diffusion behavior in coals. Utilizing Kr—a gas with high X-ray attenuation—as a tracer substitute for CH₄, this study achieved the transparent observation of the dynamic gas migration process in low-porosity, low-permeability, and heterogeneous coals using …

Mechanisms Underlying Sodium Enrichment In Coals In The Dananhu Mining Area, Turpan-Hami Basin, Qi Zhenghui, Sun Fanxing, Wang Wenlong, Huang Chunhui, Liang Kaihua, Huang Yangyang, Shao Longyi

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The Dananhu mining area boasts abundant coal resources, serving as a significant coal-fired power generation base in Xinjiang, China. However, the high sodium (Na) content in coals within the mining area tends to cause fouling and slagging during coal combustion, severely affecting the clean and efficient utilization of coal resources in the area. Methods and Results epresentative samples collected from the major mineable coal seams were subjected to proximate and ash-composition analyses. The analytical results show that the coal samples had low ash and sulfur contents and high volatile content. SiO₂ predominated in the ash components, followed by …

Mechanisms Behind Soil Water Evaporation And Infiltration During Long-Term Microbial Reclamation In Coal Mining-Induced Subsidence Areas In Northern Shaanxi Province, China, Ke Zengming, Bi Yinli, Yang Wei

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Water scarcity is identified as an important factor restricting ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid mining areas. The application of microbial reclamation technologies, especially inoculation with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), has achieved encouraging ecological effects in mining areas. In this case, investigating soil water movement and its controlling factors in mining areas undergoing long-term microbial reclamation is a key scientific issue for understanding the long-term ecological restoration mechanisms of AMF. Methods This study investigated the microbial reclamation base in the coal mining-induced subsidence area of the Daliuta coal mine of northern Shaanxi Province, located in the middle reaches of …

Water Quality Characteristics And Reutilization Of Goaf Water From Shallow Coal Seams Within The Datong Mining Area, Shanxi Province, China, Li Jun, Gui Herong, Ding Pengfei, Chen Yongqing, Wan Heyong, Li Weiqi, Huang Dawei, Peng Weihua, Hu Yang, Guo Yan

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The Datong mining area in Shanxi Province of China faces serious threats from goaf water hazards, while the goaf water drainage is constrained by environmental protection policies. Therefore, the reutilization of goaf water serves as an effective approach to eliminating mine water hazards, protecting water environments, and mitigating water scarcity in the mining area. Methods This study investigated goaf water from shallow coal seams in the Datong mining area. Based on water quality assessment theories and a range of hydrogeochemical indices, including saturation index (SI), chloro-alkaline index (CAI), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), this study conducted a joint determination …

Advances In Research And Future Prospects Of Borehole Geophysical Prospecting Technology For Coal Mines, Li Ping, Wei Rong, Fan Tao, Zhao Rui, Jiang Bici, Tian Xiaochao, Wang Bingchun

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Borehole geophysical prospecting technology for coal mines integrates the advantages of both drilling and geophysical prospecting. Accordingly, multiple critical advances have been achieved in its applications to the technologies and equipment for intelligent coal mining in recent years, enabling long-distance, relatively high-precision geological exploration. This technology plays an increasingly important role in a range of fields, including deep mineral resource exploration and the reconnaissance surveys of hidden disaster-causing factors, providing robust support for safe and efficient coal mining. Advances This study systematically reviews the development history of borehole geophysical prospecting technology, elaborating advances in research on the methodology, theories, …

Application Of Seismic-While-Tunnelling Detection In The Identification Of Densely Distributed Sub-Seismic Faults, Li Haodang, Li Kang, Chen Jian, Song Xiaozhong, Jin Dan, Wang Baoli

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Method Densely distributed sub-seismic faults have emerged as a major hidden disaster-causing geological factor, heavily influencing both the production efficiency and operational safety of coal mines. To achieve precise advance detection of underground sub-seismic faults in coal mines, this study designed a geological model. Using seismic-while-tunneling (SWT) advance detection technology for roadways of coal mines, this study investigated the geological situation of sub-seismic faults through forward modeling. Furthermore, it explored the seismic image characteristics of these faults obtained using the SWT observation system under varying survey line lengths and geophone spacing values. Results and Conclusions The forward modeling …

Assessing Crop Rotation Productivity, Soil Health, And Fertility, And Economic Performance, To Enhance Semi-Arid High Plains Cropping Systems Sustainability, Ezequiel Maria Villamil

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Sustainable crop production in the semi-arid High Plains of Nebraska faces challenges from limited precipitation, high interannual variability, and economic risk. This dissertation investigates the long-term productivity, water use, soil health, and economic sustainability of dryland crop rotations, with emphasis on the role of pulses as alternatives to fallow.

Chapter 1 analyzes nearly three decades (1995–2023) of on-farm data from the High Plains Agricultural Laboratory (Sidney, Nebraska) to compare seven crop rotations, including wheat, corn, millet, sunflower, and field peas. Results showed that wheat–corn–fallow (W–C–F) consistently outperformed traditional wheat–fallow (W–F) and more intensified four-year rotations, providing the highest grain yields, …

Interactions Between Black, Brown, Blue And Green Carbon From Terrestrial To Marine Ecosystems: A Critical Review, Allison White, Richard Kline, Md. Saydur Rahman

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Black and brown carbon are byproducts of the incomplete combustion of biomass or fossil fuels. These light-absorbing aerosols influence climate by altering the radiative balance through the absorption and scattering of sunlight, exacerbating global climate change. Their subsequent deposition on terrestrial and marine environments affects surface albedo, snow and ice melt, and biogeochemical processes, leading to further environmental consequences. In contrast, green and blue carbon refer to carbon stored in terrestrial vegetation and marine ecosystems, respectively. These ecosystems play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon; however, they are increasingly threatened by climatic disturbances, anthropogenic activities, …

Seagrass Persistence In The Indian River Lagoon And Lake Worth Lagoon, Florida, Kelly Kibler, Melinda Donnelly, Vincent Encomio, Madison Giuntoli, Manisha Thenuwara, Brice Bennett, Laura Andrade Barron, Mariam Sonbol, Wynter Raine Seppala, Namritha Ramakrishnan, Jennifer Jordan Báez, Beth Orlando, Irene Arpayoglou, Melissa Meisenburg

Indian River Lagoon Shorelines

The spatial dataset: UCF_seagrasspersistence_IRL_LWL.shp was created with support from the Indian River Lagoon National Estuaries Program and Florida Sea Grant. These projects cumulatively led to creation of a living shoreline restoration prioritization model and hydrodynamic habitat suitability models for 1,550 km (963 miles) of estuarine shorelines in Indian River Lagoon (IRL) and Lake Worth Lagoon (LWL). The dataset presented herein represents persistence of seagrass throughout waters of the IRL and LWL.

Locations Of Outfalls In The Indian River Lagoon And Lake Worth Lagoon, Florida, Kelly M. Kibler, Melinda J. Donnelly, Vincent Encomio, Madison Giuntoli, Manisha Thenuwara, Brice Bennett, Laura Andrade Barron, Mariam Sonbol, Wynter Raine Seppala, Namritha Ramakrishnan, Jennifer Jordan Báez, Beth Orlando, Irene Arpayoglou, Melissa Meisenburg

Indian River Lagoon Shorelines

The spatial dataset: UCF_Outfalls_IRL_LWL.shp was created under grants from the Indian River Lagoon National Estuaries Program and Florida Sea Grant. These projects cumulatively led to creation of a living shoreline restoration prioritization model and hydrodynamic habitat suitability models for 1,550 km (963 miles) of estuarine shorelines in Indian River Lagoon (IRL) and Lake Worth Lagoon (LWL).

The dataset presented here includes the location of outfalls identified throughout the study region and general characteristics of the shoreline where they were identified.

Advancing Environmental Monitoring At Verde River Headwaters State Park Through Integrated Remote Sensing Technologies, Ronny Schroeder, Noah Morales, Colton Weeks, Reiner Zimmermann, Erika Podest, Hank Vincent

Sustainability Conference

The establishment of Verde River Headwaters State Park in Chino Valley, Arizona, marks a significant conservation milestone with the acquisition of 734 acres of the historic Del Rio Springs Ranch by the Trust for Public Land in March 2024. Now under the stewardship of Arizona State Parks & Trails (ASPT), this site encompasses Sullivan Lake, Del Rio Springs, critical riparian habitats, and historically significant landmarks including the 1863 Arizona territorial capital and 1920s Fred Harvey Farm structures. This initiative yields substantial benefits, including annual water savings within the Prescott Active Management Area, the extension of the Peavine National Recreation Trail, …

Living Shoreline Prioritization And Hydrodynamic Habitat Suitability Models For Restoration In The Indian River Lagoon And Lake Worth Lagoon, Florida, Kelly M. Kibler, Melinda J. Donnelly, Vincent Encomio, Madison Giuntoli, Manisha Thenuwara, Brice Bennett, Laura Andrade Barron, Mariam Sonbol, Wynter Raine Seppala, Namritha Ramakrishnan, Jennifer Jordan Báez, Beth Orlando, Irene Arpayoglou, Melissa Meisenburg

Indian River Lagoon Shorelines

The spatial dataset: UCF_shorelinemodel_IRL_LWL.shp, was created with support from the Indian River Lagoon National Estuaries Program and Florida Sea Grant. These projects cumulatively led to creation of a living shoreline restoration prioritization model and hydrodynamic habitat suitability models for 1,550 km (963 miles) of estuarine shorelines in Indian River Lagoon and Lake Worth Lagoon.

The dataset presented herein includes:

1. shoreline data from >15,000 transects collected in the field,
2. shoreline wave climate data created through hydrodynamic modeling and frequency analysis of historic data,
3. categorization of potential risk for shoreline boat wake impact,
4. persistence of seagrass within 210 m of the shoreline, …

Risk Prediction Of Surface-Water Bursting In The Gully-Crossing Mining Section Of Shallow Coal Seams Within Thin Bedrock Zones, Niu Chao, Luo Yutao, Liu Ning, Xiao Lele, Sun Qiang, Zhang Weiwei, Xue Xicheng, Zeng Dabao, Bai Yang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The gully-crossing mining of shallow coal seams within thin bedrock zones is prone to connecting hydraulically conductive fracture zones in the overburden with surface water bodies, significantly increasing the risk of water disasters, such as water inrushes and surface-water bursting in mines. Some mining faces in the Shandong Coal Mine, Shaanxi Province are located beneath the Shajie Gully basin, where storm runoff is highly likely to flow into the underground mine through mining-induced fractures, posing a serious threat to mine safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need to research risk identification and assessment of surface-water bursting. Methods This study …

Influence Patterns Of Nanomaterials On The Properties Of Ultrafine Sulfoaluminate Cement, Li Xiaolin, Wang Pengfei, Gao Yinghui, Zhang Mingxuan, Dong Enyuan, Qu Yue, Zhao Yue

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Methods This study aims to reduce the economic cost of sulfoaluminate cement-based grouting materials while also achieving excellent grouting reinforcement effects. To this end, it investigated the variation patterns of the compressive strength, setting time, and fluidity of the ultrafine fly ash (UFA)-ultrafine sulfoaluminate cement (USC) system by incorporating different dosages of silica fume (SF) and nano-silica (NS). Furthermore, the mechanisms behind the hydration reactions of the system were explored. Using multiple distinct testing techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineralogy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), this study analyzed …

Structural Characteristics Of The Overburden And Water Yield Property Of Weathered Bedrock Aquifer In A Representative Medium-Deep Coal Seam, Wang Lu, Hua Zhaolai, Huang Hao, Li Zenglin, Ren Shuaifeng, Wang Sitong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The weathered bedrock aquifer represents a major water-filled aquifer encountered during coal mining in the Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi Province. Therefore, evaluating the water yield property of the weathered bedrock aquifer is the key to the prevention and control of water hazards in coal seam roofs. Methods This study investigated panel 12 of the Caojiatan Coal Mine, Shaanxi Province. Analysis of the stratigraphic and lithological structure types of the overburden of coal seam 2^–2 identified the weathered bedrock as the primary overlying water-bearing aquifer of the coal seam. Using net-to-gross (NTG) ratio, sandstone thickness, weathering influence index, …

An Experimental Study On The Breakthrough Pressure Of Different Co2 Phases Against Cap Rocks For Carbon Storage In Saline Aquifers, Dan Wendong, Li Yi, Wang Fugang, Hu Zhikai, Diao Yujie, Ma Xin, Liu Ting

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective CO₂ breakthrough pressure, a core parameter for characterizing the sealing performance of saline aquifers as cap rocks, holds important scientific significance and application value for ensuring the safety of CO₂ geological storage engineering and assessing its storage potential. However, there is a lack of systematic studies on the variation patterns and mechanisms of breakthrough pressure under different occurrence phases of CO₂ (supercritical, liquid, and gaseous) currently. Accordingly, universal and reliable conclusions are yet to be reached. Methods This study conducted experiments on a natural low-permeability unsaturated sandstone core. Using the step-by-step method, 13 groups of breakthrough …

Characteristics And Driving Forces Of The Spatiotemporal Evolution Of Surface Water Bodies In Ecologically Fragile Mining Areas In The Yellow River Basin: A Case Study Of The Yushenfu Mining Area, Chen Chao, Xuan Ang, Hu Zhenqi, Wang Yiming, Zhang Jiachao, Wang Guo, Yang Fuqin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background This study aims to respond to the strategic demand for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. To this end, research on the characteristics and driving forces of the spatiotemporal evolution of surface water bodies under the disturbance of intensive coal mining serves as the basis and a prerequisite for mitigating the contradiction between coal mining and water resources in ecologically fragile mining areas of the Yellow River basin. Methods Based on 10 stages of remote sensing image data from 1980 to 2023, information about surface water bodies in the Yushenfu mining area was extracted using …

Compressive Deformations And Energy Dissipation Characteristics Of Broken Rock Masses Under Lateral Confinement, Tian Yu, Lin Haifei, Li Shugang, Shuang Haiqing, Xu Peiyun, Liu Sibo, Ji Pengfei, Cui Mingwei

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective This study aims to investigate the deformation and energy dissipation characteristics of broken rock masses in the caving zones of goafs during compression and to reveal their impacts on the movement and failure of overlying strata and surface subsidence. Using a self-developed experimental system, this study conducted compression experiments on broken rock masses under lateral confinement under different Talbot index values and axial stresses. Then, it analyzed variations in axial displacement, void ratio, relative breakage index, fractal dimension, and strain energy density of the broken rock masses during compression. Accordingly, this study quantified variation patterns of strain energy density …

Mechanisms And Risk Criteria For Water Inrushes Caused By Mining-Induced Propagation Of Concealed Faults In A Coal Seam Floor, Zhang Wenquan, Shao Jianli, Shi Junwei, Li Liangning

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Concealed faults in a coal seam floor, characterized by random distribution, are prone to induce water inrushes, which are difficult to prevent and control. Objective and Method This study aims to investigate the mechanisms behind water inrushes induced by concealed faults in a coal seam floor under the influence of coal mining. Through a theoretical analysis, this study established the mechanical models of the initial cracking and wing crack propagation of concealed faults under seepage pressure. By analyzing the maximum propagation height of concealed faults in the floor and the post-propagation safe thickness of aquicludes, this study proposed criteria …

Overview And Prospects Of Plain Reservoir Construction And Utilization In Coal Mining-Induced Subsidence Areas With High Water Tables In The Lower Reaches Of The Yellow River, Chen Shaojie, Jiang Ning, Zhang Genwang, Jiang Chunlin, Gao Qun

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Coal mining-induced subsidence areas with high water tables in the lower reaches of the Yellow River are encountered with pronounced contradictions between large-area water accumulation and issues including urban water scarcity, groundwater contamination, ecological degradation, and low farmland reclamation rates. These contradictions severely restrict the green, low-carbon transformation of cities with coal mines and hinder the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin. This study aims to explore the construction of plain reservoirs in these subsidence areas as a critical approach to the intensive utilization of water and land resources in the subsidence areas, as well as the ecological …

Discussion On Multi-Sphere Responses And Damage Reduction-Oriented Geological Guarantees In Coal Mining, Wang Shuangming, Sun Qiang, Li Shibo, Hu Xin, Gu Chao, Geng Jishi, Zhou Shutao, Yuan Shihao, Song Shijie, Niu Chao, Wu Yun, Chen Yang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Coals serve as a cornerstone for ensuring the energy security of China. However, coal mining activities break the original in situ stress equilibrium, triggering multi-sphere damage conduction and coupling responses in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere from underground to the surface, involving rock mass structure, groundwater, and surface environment. Consequently, the original structural relationships, occurring elements, and functions of these spheres will be changed. Presently, investigating the multi-sphere structural evolution, conservation, and utilization in coal mining to underpin the role of coals as an energy cornerstone is significant for resolving the contradiction between the high-quality development of …

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.

Influence Mechanisms Of Soil Layer Reconstruction And Fungal Inoculation On Plant Water Use In Waste Dumps, Bi Yinli, Li Zhongqing, Ke Zengming, Peng Suping

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective In the mining areas of open-pit coal mines in the arid and semi-arid regions in western China, water scarcity severely restricts ecological restoration. As preliminary ecological effects have been achieved through soil layer reconstruction and bioremediation-based reclamation technologies in waste dumps of the mining areas, there is an urgent need to investigate the effects of both technologies on the water use and growth of representative plants. This will provide a scientific basis for accelerating ecological restoration in the mining areas. Methods In a waste dump of the Heidaigou open-pit coal mine in Inner Mongolia, four experimental program for soil …

Influence Patterns Of Coal Mining-Induced Subsidence On Economic Losses From Soil Erosion Of Loess Slopes In The Middle Reaches Of The Yellow River, Song Shijie, Li Yuanhong, Wang Yi, Liu Lu, Tian Yu, Tan Qingyu

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Quantitative assessment of economic losses from soil erosion on subsidence slopes in coal mining-induced subsidence areas can offer a critical basis for formulating scientific economic compensation standards while also laying a solid foundation for efficient governance.Methods This study investigated the subsidence slopes with different morphologies in the typical loess area subjected to coal mining-induced subsidence in northern Shaanxi Province. Using methods including field sampling, laboratory tests, and environmental economics analysis, this study constructed an index system for the quantitative assessment of economic losses from soil erosion on coal mining-induced subsidence slopes and revealed the variation patterns of such …

Mechanisms Behind Consolidation-Induced Water Release From Effective Impermeable Soil Layers And Mine Water Inflow Prediction In Coal Mining, Li Tao, Gao Ying, Fan Limin, Yang Junwei

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background In the Yushen mining area, coal mining is gradually shifting toward areas with thick soil layers. This leads to continuous water release from the saturated soils above the hydraulically conductive fracture zones, thereby significantly increasing the burden of mine water drainage. Focusing on the Yushuwan Coal Mine in northern Shaanxi, this study investigated the mechanisms behind mining-induced water release from effective impermeable soil layers and predicted mine water inflow. Methods Using conventional hydrochemistry, isotopic hydrochemistry, and a high-throughput microbial sequencing method, this study conducted qualitative and quantitative identification of the primary water sources of a mine in the Yushuwan …

Numerical Simulations Of The Influence Of Vegetation Configuration On Dust Migration In Open-Pit Coal Mines, Han Li, Li Renjie, Bi Yinli

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Dust pollution emerges as a major environmental challenge in the open-pit mining of coal mines. Ecological restoration has found widespread applications in mining areas as a crucial measure. However, there is a lack of systematic studies on the role of vegetation configuration in dust migration. Methods Using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for numerical simulation, this study constructed a comprehensive simulation framework incorporating wind field reconstruction, dust migration, and the dust retention capacity of vegetation. By setting different particle sizes and wind speeds, this study systematically analyzed dust migration patterns. Furthermore, vegetation configuration was introduced into the simulation …

Links Of Intensification Chemical Weathering And Nickel Enrichment With Volcanism In The North China Plate Around The Permian-Triassic Boundary, Wang Ye, Ye Chengzhuo, Zhang Tong, Yang Minfang, Zhou Kai, Zhang Peixin, Yang Yuzhu, Zhang Chu, Lu Jing

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The North China Plate serves as a pivotal region for deciphering the mechanisms underlying the links of volcanism and paleoenvironmental-climatic upheavals around the Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB). The dramatic environmental perturbations during this period are closely linked to large-scale volcanic eruptions of the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province (STLIP). These eruptions triggered global warming, extreme chemical weathering events, and mass extinctions, marking a significant turning point in the evolution of the Earth system.Methods This study investigated the Sunjiagou and Liujiagou formations in the WY-U-01H borehole in the Qinshui Basin, North China Plate. Using the chemical index of alteration (CIA), …

Mechanisms Underlying The Impacts Of Reservoir Pore Structures On Near-Well Salt Precipitation In Co2 Geological Storage, Deng Chenguang, Sun Xiaolong, Liu Keyu, An Senyou, Yuan Guanghui, Wang Yuxiang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Method High CO₂ injectivity in reservoirs is essential for high-quality sites of CO₂ geological storage (CGS). Salt precipitation in the vicinity of injection wells due to brine dissolution in CO₂ emerges as a critical factor impairing CO₂ injectivity. To explore the differences in the mechanisms behind salt precipitation and damage degree across various reservoirs, this study conducted salt precipitation simulation experiments on sandstone samples with distinct pore structures using a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid displacement system. By combining methods such as cast thin section observations, scanning electron microscopy and resulting spectra, micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) …

A Method For Detecting Weathered And Oxidized Zones In Shallowly Buried Coal Seams Integrating Logging And Dense Microtremor Array Technology, Ma Zhi, He Weisheng, Hu Qiuping, Guo Zhengxue, Zhou Jinju, Chen Tongjun, Yang Le, Yuan Zhichao

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The central and western regions of China hold abundant shallowly buried coal resources. However, the accurate exploration and safe, efficient development of coal seams in these regions are confronted with serious challenges due to weathering and oxidation. To achieve the cost-effective delineation of weathered and oxidized zones in shallowly buried coal seams, this study proposed a novel exploration method that integrated logging and dense microtremor array technology based on differences in physical properties and geophysical responses between weathered and oxidized zones and normal strata. Methods Initially, based on the analysis of the laws of variations in the physical properties …