Earth Sciences Commons^™

Geochemical Characteristics And Their Origin Of Cbm In Xingxian Area, Ordos Basin, Wang Xiangye, Sun Baoping

Coal Geology & Exploration

The distribution of carbon and hydrogen isotope of methane is of signification in revealing the origin, the distribution of CBM reservoir, and the source evaluation of CBM. To study the origins of coalbed methane and carbon dioxide, the data of the components、carbon and hydrogen isotopes of CBM from the desorption gas of coal core from Xingxian area were analyzed. With the CBM origins chart board, and the geological environment, the geological effect of the formation and the evolution of CBM were analyzed. the ratios of CBM with different origins were estimated. The results show that the δ¹³C, values …

Corrosion And Degradation Of Feldspar Sandstone In Acidic Environment, Zhou Bin, Zhang Dongming, Xu Jiang, Cheng Liang, Li Jiaxin

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to study the effect of acidic environment on the corrosion and deterioration of rocks, CT images processing technology was used to analyze the meso-composition and structural changes of feldspar sandstone after soaking in acidic water. Shimadzu AGI-250 servo material testing machine was used to carry out uniaxial compression test to observe the deterioration of mechanical parameters. The results show that the total density of the feldspar sandstone decreased Ofter the acidic environment treatment, the distribution trend is homogeneous, and the mineral with higher density is formed in the local area. The secondary pores of the feldspar sandstone increased …

Sensitivity Analysis Of Disaster-Pregnant Environmental Factors For Slope Geological Hazards In Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province, Qin Yigen, Yang Genlan, Xie Jin, Liu Bangyu

Coal Geology & Exploration

The geological conditions are complex in Kaiyang County, and geological disasters occur frequently. On the basis of field geological hazard investigation, 8 factors including elevation, slope, slope direction, engineering petrofabric, slope structure, fault, drainage and NDVI value are selected as the disaster-pregnant factors of slope geohazards. Based on the GIS platform, and by using the certainty factor model(CF) and the sensitivity-exponential(E), susceptibility of these 8 factors are researched. The results show that the areas with elevation from 515 to 993 m, the slope degree from 20° to 50°, the aspect of the west, the northwest and the southeast, …

Study On The Effect Of Dual-Freedom Coupling Between The Tilt Geophones And The Surface, Sun Chao, Sun Liang, He Dengke, Tian Siqing

Coal Geology & Exploration

In the process of coalfield seismic data acquisition, there is a situation of repeated geophone layout at the same point. The tilt angle difference of the geophones will leads the change of coupling condition between the geophone and the surface, which affects the quality of seismic data acquisition. In this paper, the tilt angle parameters of geophone were introduced into the coupling system of the geophone and the surface. From the point of view of vibration mechanics, the "vibration system with coupling of the dual degree of freedom" of tilt geophone was deduced. The influences of the tilt angle of …

The High-Resolution Transient Electromagnetic Detection Technology For Ultra-Shallow Layer In Coal Mine, Zhang Jun

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to reduce the blind zone of the transient electromagnetic detection in mines and improve the detection accuracy, the high-resolution transient electromagnetic detection technology for the ultra shallow layer in mines is studied. The high-resolution transient electromagnetic detection technology for ultra-shallow layer in mines is not only suitable for conventional mine geological exploration, but also for high-resolution detection of shallow geological bodies such as cracks in the roof of the mine roadway, ensuring the safe and efficient mining. Through theoretical research, the feasibility of the shallow high-resolution transient electromagnetic method in mine was established; the hardware system of the …

Experimental Study On The Frequency Dispersion Response Of Composite Electrical Properties Of Coal, Meng Hui, Li Jian, Lei Dongji, Wang Yajuan

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to study the characteristics of frequency dispersion response of the composite electrical properties of coal, the real part R and imaginary part X of the composite resistance of coal body at different direction in different measured areas were measured, the frequency dispersion characteristics were analyzed, different classical models were used to conduct data inversion and comparison. The results show that the composite electrical property parameters(absolute value of R and X) of coal are inversely proportional to the measured area, the characteristic frequency points are not offset, the X-frequency divergence decreases with the increase of measurement area; …

Research Status And Prospect Of Drill Pipe Thread Used In Coal Mine, Tian Dongzhuang, Chen Yanyu, Li Qing, Dong Mengmeng, Mou Peiying

Coal Geology & Exploration

Drill pipe is one of the main device for drilling construction of gas drainage, water detection and drainage and geological exploration. Due to complicated force conditions and using environment of drill pipe, accidents in boreholes caused by the failure of drill pipe threads are common. According to different structural classification, the characteristics of drill pipe thread structure in coal mines are introduced in detail; the current research status of thread stress distribution and failure analysis of thread are summarized. The research methods of thread stress distribution mainly include analytical method, finite element method and test method. The main causes of …

Design Of Piezoelectric Effect-Based Energy Recovery Device Wile Drilling, Wu Tianyu, Zheng Jun, Zhang Bo, Chen Yu, Tian Hong, Dou Bin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Aiming at the problem of continuous power supply of downhole instruments and the recovery of longitudinal vibration energy of drill pipe in drilling field, a new type of energy recovery device based on positive piezoelectric effect was designed. The radial dimension parameters and piezoelectric materials were designed by field experiences and geological survey reports. The piezoelectric coupling model was established based on the numerical simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics, and the length range and the best installation position of the piezoelectric plate were obtained through forced vibration analysis. Through modal analysis and frequency response research, it is obtained that the natural …

Underground Wireless Channel Bandwidth And Capacity, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

The UG channel bandwidth and capacity are vital parameters in wireless underground communication system design. In this chapter, a comprehensive analysis of the wireless underground channel capacity is presented. The impact of soil on return loss, bandwidth, and path loss is discussed. The results of underground multi-carrier modulation capacity are also outlined. Moreover, the single user capacity and multi-carrier capacity are also introduced with an in-depth treatment of soil texture, soil moisture, and distance effects on channel capacity. Finally, the chapter is concluded with a discussion of challenges and open research issues.

Modulation Schemes And Connectivity In Wireless Underground Channel, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

In this chapter, a thorough treatment of the modulation schemes for UG Wireless is presented. The effects of soil texture and water content on the capacity of multi-carrier modulation in WUC are discussed. The multi-carrier capacity model results are analyzed. Moreover, the underground MIMO design for underground communications is explained thoroughly. An analysis of medium access in wireless underground is done as well. Furthermore, the soil properties are considered for cross-layer communications of UG wireless. The performance analysis of traditional modulation schemes is also considered. The soil moisture-based modulation approach is also explored in this chapter. The connectivity and diversity …

Underground Phased Arrays And Beamforming Applications, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

This chapter presents a framework for adaptive beamforming in underground communication. The wireless propagation is thoroughly analyzed to develop a model using the soil moisture as an input parameter to provide feedback mechanism while enhancing the system performance. The working of array element in the soil is analyzed. Moreover, the effect of soil texture and soil moisture on the resonant frequency and return loss is studied in detail. The wave refraction from the soil–air interface highly degrades the performance of the system. Furthermore, to beam steering is done to achieve high gain for lateral component improving the UG communication. The …

Current Advances In Internet Of Underground Things, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

The latest developments in Internet of Underground Things are covered in this chapter. First, the IOUT Architecture is discussed followed by the explanation of the challenges being faced in this paradigm. Moreover, a comprehensive coverage of the different IOUT components is presented that includes communications, sensing, and system integration with the cloud. An in-depth coverage of the applications of the IOUT in various disciplines is also surveyed. These applications include areas such as decision agriculture, pipeline monitoring, border control, and oil wells.

Electromagnetic Characteristics Of The Soil, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

The electromagnetic characteristics of the soil are discussed in this chapter. The characteristics of porous bedrock, soil medium, and impacts of rain attenuations are also presented. The models of dielectric soil properties are studied with a rigorous focus on the constitutive parameters of subsurface soil medium. Moreover, the permittivity and wavenumber in soil are explained. In addition, the frequency-dependent dielectric properties such as dispersion in soil, absorption characteristic, and penetration depth versus frequency are reviewed. Furthermore, the effective permittivity of soil–water mixture for through-the soil-propagation mechanism is analyzed thoroughly.

Signals In The Soil: Subsurface Sensing, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

In this chapter, novel subsurface soil sensing approaches are presented for monitoring and real-time decision support system applications. The methods, materials, and operational feasibility aspects of soil sensors are explored. The soil sensing techniques covered in this chapter include aerial sensing, in-situ, proximal sensing, and remote sensing. The underlying mechanism used for sensing is also examined as well. The sensor selection and calibration techniques are described in detail. The chapter concludes with discussion of soil sensing challenges.

Soil Moisture And Permittivity Estimation, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

The soil moisture and permittivity estimation is vital for the success of the variable rate approaches in the field of the decision agriculture. In this chapter, the development of a novel permittivity estimation and soil moisture sensing approach is presented. The empirical setup and experimental methodology for the power delay measurements used in model are introduced. Moreover, the performance analysis is explained that includes the model validation and error analysis. The transfer functions are reported as well for soil moisture and permittivity estimation. Furthermore, the potential applications of the developed approach in different disciplines are also examined.

Autonomous Irrigation Management In Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

In this chapter, the important application of autonomous irrigation management in the field decision agriculture is discussed. The different types of sensor-guided irrigation systems are presented that includes center pivot systems and drip irrigation systems. Their sensing and actuator components are with detailed focus on real-time decision-making and integration to the cloud. This chapter also presents irrigation control systems which takes, as an input, soil moisture and temperature from IOUT and weather data from Internet and communicate with center pivot based irrigation systems. Moreover, the system architecture is explored where development of the nodes including sensing and actuators is presented. …

Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

In this chapter, the latest developments in the field of decision agriculture are discussed. The practice of management zones in digital agriculture is described for efficient and smart faming. Accordingly, the methodology for delineating management zones is presented. Modeling of decision support systems is explained along with discussion of the issues and challenges in this area. Moreover, the precision agriculture technology is also considered. Moreover, the chapter surveys the state of the decision agriculture technologies in the countries such as Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Israel, Malaysia, Pakistan, United Kingdom, Ukraine, and Sweden. Finally, different field factors such as GPS accuracy and …

Variable Rate Applications In Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

In this chapter, the variable rate applications (VRA) are presented for the field of decision agriculture. The characteristics of VRA control systems are described along with control hardware. Different types of VRA systems are discussed (e.g., liquid VRA systems and dry VRA systems). A case study is also explored in this regard. Moreover, recent advances and future trends are also outlined. Accordingly, a sustainable variable-rate irrigation scheduling is studied where different hardware and software component of the cyber-physical system are considered. Finally, chapter is concluded with a novel sensor deployment methodology.

Signals In The Soil: Underground Antennas, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

Antenna is a major design component of Internet of Underground Things (IOUT) communication system. The use of antenna, in IOUT, differs from traditional communication in that it is buried in the soil. Therefore, one of the main challenges, in IOUT applications, is to establish a reliable communication. To that end, there is a need of designing an underground-specific antenna. Three major factors that can impact the performance of a buried antenna are: (1) effect of high soil permittivity changes the wavelength of EM waves, (2) variations in soil moisture with time affecting the permittivity of the soil, and (3) difference …

Wireless Underground Channel Modeling, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

A comprehensive treatment of wireless underground channel modeling is presented in this chapter. The impacts of the soil on bandwidth and path loss are analyzed. A mechanism for the UG channel sounding and multipath characteristics analysis is discussed. Moreover, novel time-domain impulse response model for WUC is reviewed with the explanation of model parameters and statistics. Furthermore, different types of the through-the-soil wireless communications are surveyed. Finally, the chapter concludes with discussion of the UG wireless statistical model and path loss model for through-the-soil wireless communications in decision agriculture. The model presented in this chapter is also validated with empirical …

Signals In The Soil: An Introduction To Wireless Underground Communications, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

In this chapter, wireless underground (UG) communications are introduced. A detailed overview of WUC is given. A comprehensive review of research challenges in WUC is presented. The evolution of underground wireless is also discussed. Moreover, different component of UG communications is wireless. The WUC system architecture is explained with a detailed discussion of the anatomy of an underground mote. The examples of UG wireless communication systems are explored. Furthermore, the differences of UG wireless and over-the-air wireless are debated. Different types of wireless underground channel (e.g., In-Soil, Soil-to-Air, and Air-to-Soil) are reported as well.

Development And Performance Assessment Of An Integrated Vermifiltration Based Treatment System For The Treatment Of Feedlot Runoff, Rajneesh Singh, Matteo D'Alessio, Yulie Meneses, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Brian Woodbury, Chittaranjan Ray

Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to treat feedlot runoff by developing an ecologically sustainable, affordable, and resilient treatment system having a relatively long life span. Three horizontal flow soil biofilters were utilized in this study: 1) without earthworms and plants (Biofilter (BF)), 2) with earthworms only (Vermifilter (VF)), and 3) with earthworms and plants (Macrophyte Assisted Vermifilter (MAVF)). The experiments were conducted with a hydraulic retention time of four days using Lumbricus terestrris earthworms and Carex frankii wetland plants. The average COD removal from the BF, VF, and MAVF were 23.2–30.4%, 61.4–69.1%, and 68.3–78.1%, respectively. Average TN removal efficiencies …

The Legacy Of Mining In Southwest Missouri: Past And Present Conditions Of The Tri-State Mining District, Anastasia M C Mcclanahan

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The historic Tri-State Mining District (TSMD) of southwestern Missouri, southeastern Kansas, and northeastern Oklahoma has a history of lead and zinc mining that extended over a hundred years. During the district’s peak production period, the TSMD was one of the world’s largest producers of lead and zinc. The mining activities in the TSMD produced economic growth that supported the local communities and were essential to the victory of the Allied Forces during World War I and World War II. Beginning in the 1920s, the mining activities in the district slowly began to cease due to depletion of metal ores and …

Geology, Soils And Climate Of The Margaret River Wine Region, Peter J. Tille, Angela Stuart-Street, Peter S. Gardiner

All other publications

This report is an extract from the broader description and analysis of the Geology, soils and climate of Western Australia's wine regions. It expands on the brief descriptions in the second edition of 'Viticulture' (Coombe & Dry 2004) concerning the soils and landscapes of Western Australia’s main wine growing regions. We have tailored this report extract to the specific needs of the Margaret River wine region. It contains local soil names and soil-landscape zones and systems maps.

The wine industry recognises the importance of giving customers an understanding of the vines’ environment and how that may influence wine character …

Legacy And Current Pesticide Residues In Syr Darya, Kazakhstan: Contamination Status, Seasonal Variation And Preliminary Ecological Risk Assessment, Daniel D. Snow, P. Chakraborty, B. Uralbekov, B. Satybaldiev, J. Brett Sallach, L. M. Thornton Hampton, M. Jeffries, A. S. Kolok, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt

Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications

The Syr Darya is one of two major rivers in Central Asia supplying critical fresh water to the Aral Sea. In spite of the river’s importance and agriculturally-intensive history, few studies have provided a modern evaluation of and the occurrence of pesticide residues potential effects to aquatic life. The primary goal of this investigation was to determine seasonal variations in ambient concentrations of modern and legacy pesticides in bottom sediment and water of the Syr Darya in Kazakhstan (KZ) downstream from an agriculturally-intensive watershed in Uzbekistan. Grab samples and passive samplers were used at five remote sampling stations during June …

Droughtscape, Summer 2020, National Drought Mitigation Center

DroughtScape: Quarterly Newsletter of the National Drought Mitigation Center (2007–2023)

DroughtScape, Summer 2020

Projected Surface Water For Fruit And Vegetable Irrigation Under A Changing Climate In The Us, Marty Matlock, Greg Thoma, Kieu Ngoc Le, Eric Cummings, Zach Morgan, Andrew Shaw

Water Systems

Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, resulting in climate impacts, are raising concerns over the hydrologic cycle and its effects upon agricultural productivity. If rainfall patterns change, meeting an increased demand for fruits and vegetables will pose a challenge for domestic production regions in the United States (U.S.). Information on potential water supply scarcity in the current production regions provides decision makers with critical information for risk mitigation for future production. We used a hydrologic balance-based model of historic and future water availability to evaluate risk of available irrigation water to support major fruit and vegetable production the US. …

Regional Distribution And Geotectonic Control Of Late Permian Tectonically Deformed Coal In Zhina Coalfield, Zhou Peiming, Gao Wei, Deng Lan, Fu Wei

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to find out the tectonically deformed coal distribution law of Zhina coalfield, by sorting out and analyzing the data of more than 200 coal-bearing structural units including Bide syncline, Santang syncline, Zhuzang syncline, Arcong syncline and Guanzhai syncline in Zhina coalfield, Guizhou Province, combined with logging curve analysis, the regional distribution characteristics of coal body structure and structural control factors of No.6, No.16 and No.27 main coal seams are comprehensively analyzed. The study shows that from the west to the east, the proportion of tectonically deformed coal in Zhina coalfield increases gradually. The coal in the western part …

Surface Efficient Gas Extraction Mode Based On Full Coverage Of Working Face, Fang Jiawei, Han Baoshan, Zhou Jiajia, Wang Zhengxi, Zhang Dingliang, Liu Jia, Xu Jianjun

Coal Geology & Exploration

Aiming at the problems of soft and broken coal seam, low permeability, difficulty in gas extraction and low drainage efficiency in working face, a full-coverage mode for gas extraction in working face through the horizontal well group with staged fracturing roof at both ends is proposed. Taking a mine in Suxian mining area of Huaibei coalfield as an example, based on the characteristics of in-situ stress and working face distribution, combined with the analysis of gas geological conditions and coal seam mechanical properties in the area, the cross section dipole sonic logging method was used to optimize the orientation of …

Fractal Theory-Based Seepage Model Of Hershel-Bulkley Fluid In Porous Medium, Yang Xian, Lu Wei, Jin Xin, Chen Juan, Feng Xingfa

Coal Geology & Exploration

Slurry is a kind of widely-used engineering fluid. Slurry will seeps into the formation in the process of construction, which has a certain impact on the project. In order to make deeper study on the seepage mechanism of slurry, the formation is simulated as porous medium, the slurry is simulated as Hershel-Bulkley fluid which can more comprehensively reflect its rheological properties, and the seepage model of Hershel-Bulkley fluid in porous medium was established based on Fractal theory. Based on the calculation results of seepage model, the effect of pressure gradient, flow index, consistency coefficient and porosity on the instantaneous average …