Earth Sciences Commons^™

Fruit In W.A., Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

The main fruit growing districts of Western Australia are in the Mediterranean climate areas of the south-west. Apples, pears, stonefruit, citrus and vines are grown on a commercial basis. Figs, mulberries and olives are also grown, but not in big commercial quantities.

1975 Nitrogenous Fertilisers For Cereals - Trials With Wheat, Oats And Barley, M. G. Mason

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Rates of nitrogen on wheat - soil test - Fifty-one sites were selected and soil sampled during February- March. All these proposed trials consisted of four replications and these reps were soil sampled separately. In each rep. 20 samples were taken to 10cm depth with pogo stick samplers. In addition, from three holes at random across each trial bulk samples were obtained from the 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm soil intervals These soil samples were air dried (if not already dry) and sieved to remove > 2 mm fraction (gravel). Portions of these < 2mm fractions from the 0-10cm samples were sent to the Government Chemical Laboratories and to C.S.B.P. & Farmers Ltd. At C.S.B.P. analyses were carried out to determine P and K content and the C.S.B.P. soil nitrogen test was also carried out on them. This measures nitrate content before and after incubation with moist soil at 32c for seven days. A measurement was also made after 14 days. At Government Chemical Laboratories analyses were to be carried for Organic carbon and for a number of nitrogen fractions, including Total Nitrogen, MH4 + NO3 Nitrogen and several incubation techniques. These were also to be determined on the profile samples, which were also to be subject to the following analyses: a) Mechanical Analysis b) pH (in water) c) Cation Exchange Capacity d) Moisture Holding Capacity All of these trials were planted except for one at Jerramungup, where the marker pegs were ploughed out by the farmer. Vegetative cuts were then taken during the August - September period on 46 of the remaining 50 sites. Three of the other four sites were abandoned because of severe waterlogging (Neridup), extreme weediness (Nugadong) or due to poor plant survival (possibly due to webworm) combined with weeds (Mallalying). The trial at Wannamal was sown to oats, by the farmer. The nitrogen treatments were still applied and the trial was retained but not sampled for dry matter production. These samples were to be analysed for nitrogen content. Dry matter production and grain yields are set out in the following tables. 61M11, 75A1. 75A2, 75A3, 75AL1, 75AL2, 75BA2, 75BA3, 75BR1, 75BR2, 75C1, 75C2, 75C3, 75E2, 75E3, 75ES1, 75ES2, 75ES4, 75GE1, 75GE2, 75GE3, 75JE1, 5JE2, 75KA1, 75KA2, 75LG1, 75LG2, 75LG3, 75M2, 75M3,75M4, 75ME1, 75ME2, 75ME3, 75MO1, 75MO2, 75MO4, 75MT2, 75MT3, 75N1, 75N2, 75N3, 75NA1, 75NA3. 75NA4, 75NO2, 75NO3, 75SG1, 75SG2, 75TS2, 75TS3, 75TS4, 75WH4, 75WH5, 75WH6, 75WH7.

The Banana Industry At Carnarvon, John Roger Burt

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In viewing the semi-arid conditions of the West Gascoyne, visitors are surprised to see a thriving banana industry at the mouth of the Gascoyne River, 930 kilometres north of Perth. The natural vegetation in the plantation area consists mainly of stunted gums, low acacia scrub and salt bush.

Despite the adverse climatic conditions, the average yields of Carnarvon bananas are double those of banana areas in other states.

Nitrogenous Fertilisers For Cereal Production, M G. Mason

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Among the many factors influencing crop response to nitrogen applications, the most important are the season, soil type, paddock history, time of application and source of nitrogen. Before deciding whether to use nitrogen on a cereal crop, which source to use and at what rate, the farmer needs some understanding of how these factors work.

Summary Of 1975 Field Experiments With Advisers: "Rape Blackleg Disease Fungicide Trials", M J. Barbetti

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

During 1973 and 1974 a large range of fungicide spray and seed treatment schedules were tested. The 1973 results were, on the whole, not very encouraging, but the very early post-germination spray, two weeks after germination, did indicate a possible means of control. In view of the 1973 results, in the 1974 trials fungicidal sprays were applied early, and a new method of application of fungicide to the seed, known as "prilling" was used. Using fungicide seed prills and seedless fungicide prills the idea was to have the fungicide mixed with materials which dispersed upon wetting, so releasing and making …

Summary Of Trial Results - 1975, N. R. Mckeown

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. From September 1971 to late August 1974 there was a mean reduction of legume content in the medic pastures from 40 per cent to 22.0 per cent but the reduction at 7.4 sh/ha was to 31 per cent. The drop in woolly clover content on the volunteer pastures was closely similar. 2. In 1972, at 7.4 sheep/ha a difference in body weight of 7-9 kg rapidly developed in favour of sheep grazing barrel medic compared with sheep on volunteer pasture. This difference was maintained consistently throughout the trial. At lower stocking rates the differences were smaller and less consistent. …

Evaluation Of The Systemic Nematicide Phenamiphos To Control The Nematode Anguina Sp In Toxic Ryegrass Pasture, B A. Stynes

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Field trials done in 1974 showed that phenamiphos could be used to control Anguina sp. and suggested that low rates may be effective with critical timing of applications. These possibilities were investigated in 1975. Locality - Katanning - F. Quartermaine and c. Butterworth. Gnowangerup - J. Griffith. Tables 1 and 2 show the absolute levels of nematodes in ryegrass seed and the density of nematodes per unit area of pasture after treatment with phenamiphos. All rates of nematicide reduced the level and density of nematodes; the highest rate being slightly more effective. The spray schedule including sprays in July and …

Summary Of 1974 Weed Control In Lupin Evaluations, J. G. Allen

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Lupin Trials 1974 1. Herbicides x Depth of Seeding - There is no evidence of a herbicide x depth of seeding interaction in lupin plant numbers, at either Broomehill or Eradu. The lupin plants on the shallow sown plots were reported to be more effected by herbicides than on the deeper sown plots at Eradu. It is suggested that shallow seeding may be a factor in predisposing lupin crops to simazine damage particularly on sandy soils, however it has not been possible to demonstrate such on effect. 2. Herbicides x Time of Seeding - At two sites (Myrup, Namban) there …

1975 Evaluation Of New Subterranean Clover Cultivars, C. M. Francis

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

This year's trials have added little to the data already accumulated on the corssbreds 175,1 and 239.2 (Table 1). Higher seed yields at Merredin would have included some hard seed from the previous year. The lack of reliable data from the May sowings due to poor viability of some seed lines (including 175 and 239) grown at Medina was unfortunate. Data from Lake King is not yet available. Geraldton performed surprisingly well in the late sowings despite overall low seed yields. With late sowing its flowering date was within a few days of the crossbreds so that late sowing appears …

1975 Soil Fertility - Grain Lupins - Long Term Rotation Trials, Ian Rowland

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Soil Fertility - Grain Lupins 75A4, 75BA6, 75E4, 75GE9, 75JE9, 75MT6, 75N028, 75WH9. Long Term. Rotation Trials W56H, 66M29, 67Cl3, 67N4, 68E5, 68SG5, 69GE20, 73SG16. Soil Fertility - Grain Lupins Use of the stage 4 lupin variety trials to assess the effect of a year of sweet grain lupins on a following cereal crop was continued. The 1974 variety trials contained a number of lupin varieties randomised with two standard wheat varieties. Also at two times of planting. Eight trials were selected: 74GE26 at Morawa, 74BA7 at Badgingarra, 74WH8 at Wongan Hills, 74N08 at Bolgart, 74A8 at Beverley, 74MT8 at …

1975 Part 2 - Rate, Time And Frequency Of Nitrogen Application On Kikuyu, W. J. Cox

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

J. Burton,, Hazelvale 74DE7. I. Dry Matter Production kg/ha/day tables - (No Spring '74 N) (Spring N 1974) Soil Properties March 10, 1975. Total N concentration % - Tables

1975 Trials On Doublegee, D J. Gilbey

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

75A16, 75A17, 75C13, 75MO36, 75MO37, 75WH21, 75WH22. Biological control of doublegee.

1975 Clover Scorch, D. L. Chatel

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

(Feb 1976) This report covers the three major clover scorch activities for the year: A) The tolerance screening at Denmark. B) The dry matter production in the second year of a mowing trial, in which clovers with and without scorch were compared the previous year. C) A summary of the first four years of a disease incidence survey - and an examination of some meteorological factors in relation to disease development. The first two were done jointly with Dr C.M. Francis. The following tentative hypotheses are advanced to explain the regional differences in the distribution of clover scorch: a) The …

1975 Lupin Diseases, P M. Wood

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Sclerotinia stem rot, a fungal disease, is becoming increasingly important. This disease can attack the stem at any point from the stem base to the first laterals. Lodging can result if the canker is severe enough. Superficial cankers can disrupt sap flow resulting in poorly filled pods. The fungicide Benlate is used overseas to control Sclerotinia in bean plantings, Accordingly, a fungicide trial was planned to estimate yield losses resulting from Sclerotinia infection. A secondary aim was to examine any yield response which could be attributed to reported growth promoting properties of benomyl - 75MT33. Brown spot of lupins - …

1975 Field Experiments On Legume Seed Inoculation, D. L. Chatel

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

(January 1976) LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. The effect of cobalt and seed inoculation on Unicrop lupins. GREEN RANGE 2. The effect of cobalt and seed inoculation on Unicrop lupins. BRAMLEY RESEARCH STATION 3. The effect of cobalt and seed inoculation on Unicrop lupins. McALINDEN 4. The effect; of cobalt and seed inoculation on Unicrop lupins. CHOWERUP 5. The effect of cobalt and seed inoculation on Unicrop lupins. ALANO OKA 6. The effect of cobalt and seed inoculation on Unicrop lupins. LANCELIN 7. The effect of inoculation on Uni crop lupins. KATANNING 8. The effect of inoculation on Uni crop lupins. …

1975 Experimental Programme With Lupins, G H. Walton

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

74MO10 - Pasture establishment under a lupin orop (Wheat crqp 1975). 75AL3 - 6 Time x 3 Rates x 2 Varieties x 2 Herbicide Factorial. 75B3 - Lupin Agronomy in High Rainfall Area. 75BA4 - Early planting of Unicrop lupin. 75GE4 - Polyculture of Wheat and Lupin. 75GE5 - Rate of seeding Unicrop - low rainfall site. 75JE4 - Time of planting x rate of seeding lupins. 74MO10 - Pasture establishment under a lupin crop (Wheat crop 1975). 75MO6 - Time of planting x rate of seeding with L. albus cv WB2. 75MO7 - Pasture establishment under lupin crops. 75MO12 …

Time And Rate, Comparative Fungicide, Fungicide Application Method Trial, Clover Scorch Economy Demonstrations, A Bokor

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Time and Rate Trial 75AL33 Comparative Fungicide Trial 75AL34. Fungicide Application Method Trial 75D8. Clover Scorch Economy Demonstrations 75AL35.

1975 Field Experiments And Cereal Disease Surveys, A. G. P. Brown

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Septoria disease of wheat - 75BA17. 2. Fungicide seed dressing on lupins 3. Cereal Disease survey - Table 7 - Zone l. Beverley R.S. B3 2. Badgingarra A2 3. Chapman Bl 4. Gibson A5 5. Merredin C3 6. Mt Barker A5 7. Newdegate B4 8. Salmon Gums C5 9. Wongan Hills B2 10. Woodgenellup A5 11. Chowerup A5 12. Neradup A5 13. W. Grass Patch B5 14. E. Salmon Gums C5 15. Mellewa Cl 16. Yuna Cl 17. N. Mingenew Bl 18. Mingenew Bl 19. Gairdner River A5 20. Jerramungup B5 21. Ravensthorpe B5 22. N. Kojonup A4 23. …

1975 Weed Control In Lupin Investigations, J M. Allen

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. The results with pre emergence herbicides confirm previous recommendations of simazine 1.25 kg/ha on heavy soil and diuron 1.25 kg/ha on light soils with the following modification. a) Simazine rates need to be increased to 3 kg/ha on very early (April) sovm crops in southern areas. b) Simazine has not damaged lupins in southern areas and where ryegrass is a major problem on sandy soils (i.e. Esperance) it is likely to give better responses than diuron. 2. As suspected in previous years simazine can by way of effective weed control produce a marked lupin vegetative response without any increase …

1975 Mn Drilled And Sprayed On Unicrop, J. W. Gartrell

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

75AL25 (with Trevenen) Mn Drilled and Sprayed on Unicrop, 75AL26, 75ES28, 785ES29, 75GE32, 75MO31, 75MO33, 75TS24, 75TS25.

1975 Phosphorus And Sulphur Group Results, J. W. Bowden, B. Scurr, R Lunt, M Baker

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Stocking X Super Rate - 66M30, 68BR7. Residual Value of Superphosphate - 66 & 68LG1, 66ME3, 66NO7, 67NO11, 67NO5, 74GE2, 74MO7, 74MO8. Maintainance P X S Trials - 65A1, 65C5, 65N5, 67NO11, 68AL3, 68B1, 69AL2, 69AL3, 69E6, 69WH15. Miscellaneous trials - Rates and Methods of Super on Wheat Lupins and Clover 74LG5, 75A20 and 21; 75ES5, 6, and 7; 75GE6 and 7; 75JE7, 75JE5, 75KA3 and 4; 75LG4 and 7; 75LG26; 75MO9, 75MO28, 75NA4, 75NO5 and 6. High Rainfall Pasture Trials - 75AL4 and 5; 75AR3 and 4; 75BR11, 12, and 13; 75BY5, 6, and 8; 75BU8 and 10; 75DE2, …

1975 Pasture Species Investigations High Rainfall Area, D. A. Nicholas

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Contents - 1. Clover cultivar grazing trial - North Bannister - 68NA1. 2. Clover cultivars x red legged earth mite - Chowerup - 70BR16. 3. Pastures species x stocking rate - Denmark - 72D1. 4. Stocking rate and conservation for steer beef production - Mt. Barker Research Station - 71MT46. 5. Perennial versus annual grass grazing trial - Manjimup Research Station - 72MN5. 6. Trials in Association - Albany Regional Office. (i) Rate and time of fungicide on clover scorch - South Stirlings - 75AL33. (ii) Rate and types of fungicide on clover scorch - South Stirlings - 75AL34. (iii) …

1975 Part 1 - Rates And Times Of Potassium Applications On Lupins Cv Unicrop, W. J. Cox

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

K McQueen - Eneabba - 75TS1 I. Soil analysis II. Plant counts III. Seasonal dry matter production g/20 plants IV. Grain yield kg/ha harvested November 7, 1975 V. K, Ca, Mg and N in plants (a) effect of time of sampling (b) Effect of plant part on K concentration VI. K Ca, Mg and N uptake

1975 South West Sub.Clover Root Rot - 1975 Cultivation Experiments, M J. Barbetti, G C. Macnish

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trials were established in 1975 in the South West of WA to investigate the effect of time of cultivation, and nitrogen application, upon the incidence and severity of both tap and lateral root rot subterranean clover. Nitrogen application had little in the way of consistent effects. Cultivation reduced the levels of both tap and lateral root rot in many instances. These effects were most obvious and consistent at about the end of May. Cultivation just prior to or just after the break of season were the best cultivation treatments. Cultivation does appear to show some promise as a means of …

1975 Drought Responses Of Wheat Cultivars - Environment Responses Of Subterranean Clover., R N. Weir

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Environment responses of subterranean clover. Aim - To clarify the responses of four cultivars to temperature, vernalisation and photoperiod. Method - Dinninup, Midland B, Geraldton and Blackwood sub clover was grown in phytotron cabinets under 14 hour and 10 hour photoperiods and temperatures 10°c day/5°c night, l5/l0°c, 20/l5°C, 25/20°c. A seed vernalisation treatment of 6 weeks refrigeration of swelled seed was included. Dissections were made to observe first floral initiation and first flower production was noted. Conclusions - Higher temperatures either had no effect or delayed floral initiation, but accelerated flower development greatly from initiation to anthesis. Photoperiod and vernalisation …

Coastal Vegetational Communities Of The Two Texas Barrier Islands, Boca Chica And Brazos, Baltazar Cisneros

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Two Texas barrier islands, Boca Chica and Brazos, have unique coastal vegetational communities that may be Influenced by several environmental factors. These environmental factors include temperature, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine exposure, day length, and dune height. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the total number of coastal plant species per station, season, and year and to consider environmental factors that may significantly affect the number and pattern of coastal species. Coverage comparison between aerial and land sampling and aerial vegetational zonation was also considered.

Results indicated the presence of 21 angiosperm families and a total of 54 species. …

A Study Of The Radiation Quality Under Plant Canopies In The Wave Range 0.4 To 2.5 Microns, Nolasco G. Baldazo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The spectral distribution of the global radiation from 0.4 to 2.5 microns penetrating deciduous and coniferous canopies were measured during clear days between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. using a double-quartz monochromator.

In the visible region (0.4 to 0.7 micron) the average relative spectral transmissions under both canopies are about one percent beginning at 0.4 micron and decreasing to about half a percent at 0.67 micron. There is only a small peak in the green (0.55 micron) transmission under deciduous stands while there is none under coniferous canopies. The slightly higher transmission in the blue (0.4 micron) is attributed to …

1974 Trace Element Nutrition, J. W. Gartrell

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1 • Mineral nutrition of sweet lupins 74M031, 74M032, 74M033, 74M034, 74M035, 74M036, 74M09, 74M038, 74BA15, 74BA16, 74BA17, 74BA18, 74AL20, 74JE19, 74ES27, 74ES28, 74E17, 74TS26, 74TS27, 74N028, (See Cox's Report)

2. Barley nutrition 74TS29.

3. Cu Zn Residual 74AL19, 66N14 (incomplete)

4. Cu or requirement of cattle 74GE30 (See May and Barker, Animal Production Report)

5. Co on sheep Badgingarra trial (See Croker's Report)

Pasture Species Investigations - Wheat Belt (May, 1975), N. R. Mckeown

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Results from trials comparing the growth and persistence of a number of annual pasture legumes are presented in this report. Rainfall conditions during the year are described briefly and a table of annual and growing season rainfall at relevant centres is appended. The experiments are grouped as follows according to average annual rainfall:- Zone A - Average annual rainfall > 400 mm Zone B - Average annual rainfall 345 - 400 mm Zone C - Average annual rainfall < 345 mm and then, further, on soil type. District Rainfall, 1974. 71LG16,, 72LG3, 74KA3, 70OTS2, 72TS5, 70NA3, 71TS22, 74NO3, 70ME4. The early break, with good rainfall continuing through most of the growing season, provided optimal conditions for most wheat belt trials. These conditions were in direct contrast to the dry years of the late 1960's and early 1970's. In 1974, legume growth on droughty deep sands should have been at its best. Serradella responded at Kukerin in direct relationship with earlier heavy dressings of potash. West of Three Springs, serradella and Tornafield medic stayed a little ahead of Harbinger medic and well ahead of Daliak sub. clover and rose clover. On deep sands at Marchagee and Arrino, subterranean clover was the only species worth considering. The failure of Eragrostis curvula to persist through the dry 1973-74 summer after good germination in late winter, indicates a need for more work on the establishment of this grass on deep sands. The low yields of dry matter at Tincurrin do not offer much incentive for such work, but Eragrostis, lupins and serradella probably give the best chance of pasturing the grossly infertile, erodable sands. Under favourable conditions, Geraldton sub. clover continued to show its versatility and aggressiveness. On an alkaline loamy sand at Lake King, waterlogged for periods during the winter, Dwalganup, Geraldton and Northam A produced more dry matter than a wide range of other pasture legumes. At Walgoolan, Geraldton maintained better than 503 content in mixtures with other sub. clover cultivars sown in 1970, while in a trial at Marchagee there was evidence of gradual, aggressive regeneration of Geraldton from a sparse pasture sown before the trial. Only two new legume species trials were planted in 1974, and these were not successful. Trial 74KA3, east of Katanning, demonstrated the need for timely planting. Had seed been available on time, the trial would have been planted before the onset of heavy rains and would have given better results. The failure of Tornafield and Harbinger on 74N03 should not weight the record unduly against these medics; :they have never excelled on clay loams, and they were sorely harassed by redlegged earthmite. The medics will not be replanted, but Northam A and Geraldton will be observed in 1975. :

Pasture Deterioration - High Rainfall Areas, D J. Gillespie

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

a. Pasture deterioration - High rainfall areas - A farm at Karridale (near Augusta) exhibiting "classic" pasture deterioration symptoms was closely monitored throughout 1974. This farm has paddocks ranging from relatively newly sown pastures with a high clover percentage, few weeds and high dry matter production (resown 1973 and 1974), through to extremely poor pastures with as little as 3 % clover and a weed component of over 80% (resown 1970 and 1971)... b. Midland B competition studies (69Mt19) -This grazing trial was sown in 1969 to plots of pure Midland B, pure Woogenellup and to three mixtures of the …