Chemistry Commons^™

Variables Affecting The Extraction Of Antioxidants In Cold And Hot Brew Coffee: A Review, Brian Yust, Frank Wilkinson, Niny Rao

College of Life Sciences Faculty Papers

Coffee beans are a readily available, abundant source of antioxidants used worldwide. With the increasing interest in and consumption of coffee beverages globally, research into the production, preparation, and chemical profile of coffee has also increased in recent years. A wide range of variables such as roasting temperature, coffee grind size, brewing temperature, and brewing duration can have a significant impact on the extractable antioxidant content of coffee products. While there is no single standard method for measuring all of the antioxidants found in coffee, multiple methods which introduce the coffee product to a target molecule or reagent can be …

An Efficient And Chemoselective Method To Generate Arynes, Bryan Metze, Riley A. Roberts, Aleksandra Nilova, David R. Stuart

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Arynes hold immense potential as reactive intermediates in organic synthesis as they engage in a diverse range of mechanistically distinct chemical reactions. However, the poor functional group compatibility of generating arynes or their precursors has stymied their widespread use. Here, we show that generating arynes by deprotonation of an arene and elimination of an “onium” leaving group is mild, efficient and broad in scope. This is achieved by using aryl(TMP)iodonium salts (TMP = 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) as the aryne precursor and potassium phosphate as the base, and a range of arynophiles are compatible. Additionally, we have performed the first quantitative analysis of …

Heterocyclic Molecules With Esipt Emission: Synthetic Approaches, Molecular Diversities, And Application Strategies, Nuretti̇n Mengeş

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is one of the most essential emission processes in most circumstances because of its dual emission band in most cases and its high Stokes shifts. These distinguishing properties make ESIPT-based probes more suitable for a variety of applications, including analyte sensors, solid-state sensing mechanisms, optical technologies, and biomarkers for endogenous or exogenous compounds in various settings. As a result, researchers around the world are working on ESIPT emissions and developing different scaffolds for various applications or industry demands. This field of study is rapidly expanding and there is a need for an up-to-date review of …

Scandium Triflate-Catalyzed Aromatic Aldehydic C-H Activation, Nicholas Griffin

Honors Projects

Herein described is a scandium triflate-catalyzed C-H activation of commercially available aromatic aldehydes achieved in low yields. The reaction occured in a one-pot synthesis over a two-hour duration and required minimal purification. Inclusion of a fluorine-tagged phenol allowed for reaction monitoring via ¹⁹FNMR.

Design, Synthesis, And Kinetic Study Of The First Generation Phenyloxadiazole Compounds And The Second Generation Phenyloxadiazole Compounds And Highly Selective Hydroboration Of Alkenes, Ketones And Aldehydes Catalyzed By A Well-Defined Manganese Complex, Haisu Zeng

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis focuses on two projects. In the first project, my goal was to discover a new variant of phenyloxadiazole compounds that could exhibit increased thiol-reactivity during bioconjugation processes. To achieve this, I synthesized several phenyloxadiazole derivatives and subjected them to NMR kinetic studies to assess their reactivity with a model thiol. Based on the results, I was able to identify a phenyloxadiazole analog that demonstrated enhanced reactivity, which included a chlorine atom located in the meta-position of the phenyl ring.

I provided a detailed description of the synthesis and characterization of the newly discovered phenyloxadiazole analog and demonstrate its …

Synthesizing, Purifying, And Characterizing Molten Chloride Salts, Phillip W. Halstenberg

Doctoral Dissertations

Molten chloride salts have vast potential as heat transfer fluids with both nuclear and concentrated solar power applications. For application in energy systems, the characteristics that govern these systems must be well understood. This work focuses on inorganic molten chloride salts with a special emphasis on the experimental aspect of chemical research. Chapter 2 covers the synthetic approaches for the formation of molten chloride mixtures. Many salts can be purchased from industrial suppliers, but most must be purified therefore, Chapter 3 evaluates various methodology developed for removal of impurities in salt mixtures. Once the salt of proper content and purity …

Synthesis, Radiolabeling And Evaluation Of A Suite Of Tracers With 44Sc For Detecting Extracellular Dna, Zhiyao Li

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Neutrophil extracellular traps involve the rapid translocation of DNA to the outside of the cell under certain stimuli. This structure forms a fibrous network that is able to limit the spread of pathogens and to kill microorganisms. It has also been shown to be present in various pathological processes such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer metastasis. Currently, the formation process of NETs in vivo is being extensively studied. However noninvasive detection and quantitation has yet to be achieved. A class of PET tracers are described here that consists of a DNA dye as the backbone that is labeled with …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Rhenium 2,2′-Pyridylnaphthyridine Metal Complexes, Benjamin F. Solomon

Honors Theses

Rhenium (Re) is a group 7 heavy 5d transition metal in the same family as manganese (Mn) and technetium (Tc). Re-carbonyl complexes are known to be catalysts for many different kinds of reactions from C-C bond formation to reduction reactions like CO₂ reduction (CO₂RR)^1,2. With this in mind, we have prepared a set of six Re-carbonyl complexes of 2,2′-pyridyl-1,6-naphthyridine (1,6- pynap) and 2,2′-pyridyl-1,8-naphthyridine (1,8-pynap), a redox non-innocent ligand containing a bpy moiety as well as an additional aryl nitrogen binding location at which another metal-ligand bond could form. We have synthesized these complexes as precursors …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Mixed Ligand Complexes Of Ruthenium(Ii) Containing 2,2’-Bipyridine And 3,3’-Dimethyl-1,1’- Methylenebisimidazolium Ligands; A New Synthetic Approach, Matthew Schneider

Theses and Dissertations

Research into solar cells has been prioritized given the global demand for better renewable energy technologies. This demand is a result of the long-term use of fossil fuels, which generates significant pollution in highly populated urban areas. One potential solar cell technology is the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). This kind of solar technology utilizes organometallic dyes to expand the types of wavelengths solar cells can use to generate electricity.12 Ruthenium(II) metal complexes of this type have been investigated heavily for this purpose.13,14,36 The main reasoning behind this is the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) phenomenon that such complexes exhibit. MLCT has often …

Synthesis, Densification, And Cation Inversion In High Entropy (Co,Cu,Mg,Ni,Zn)Al2o4 Spinel, Cole A. Corlett, Nina Obradovic, Jeremy Lee Watts, Eric W. Bohannan, William Fahrenholtz

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The synthesis, densification behavior, and crystallographic site occupancy were investigated for four different spinel-based ceramics, including a high-entropy spinel (Co_0.2Cu_0.2Mg_0.2Ni_0.2 Zn_0.2)Al₂O₄. Each composition was reacted to form a single phase, but analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns revealed differences in cation site occupancy with the high-entropy spinel being nearly fully normal. Densification behavior was investigated and showed that fully dense ceramics could be produced by hot pressing at temperatures as low as 1375°C for all compositions. Vickers' hardness values were at least 10 GPa for all compositions. The …

Synthetic Methodologies Using Nucleophile-Electrophile Chemistry, Jacob C. Hood

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Synthetic organic chemistry is a vital part of the modern world – making up 15-20% of the U.S. economy. New synthetic reactions can lower manufacturing costs and create more environmentally friendly processes. Substitution, addition, and superelectrophilic chemistry are potent tools to afford potentially essential compounds. The work outlined in this dissertation recounts the expansion of synthetic methodologies employing substrates with a wide range of electrophilicities toward synthesizing heterocyclic molecules. These concepts are summarized in chapter 1. Chapter 2: N-Heterocyclic alcohols are excellent substrates for superacid-promoted Friedel-Crafts reactions. The N-heterocyclic alcohol ionizes to produce reactive, dicationic intermediates, providing good to excellent …

Para-Methoxybenzylidene Acetal-Protected D-Glucosamine Derivatives As Ph-Responsive Gelators And Their Applications For Drug Delivery, Jonathan Bietsch, Logan Baker, Anna Duffney, Alice Mao, Mary Foutz, Cheandri Ackermann, Guijun Wang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Carbohydrate-based low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) are compounds with the capability to self-assemble into complex molecular networks within a solvent, leading to solvent immobilization. This process of gel formation depends on noncovalent interactions, including Van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking. Due to their potential applications in environmental remediation, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, these molecules have emerged as an important area of research. In particular, various 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal-protected D-glucosamine derivatives have shown promising gelation abilities. In this study, a series of C-2-carbamate derivatives containing a para-methoxy benzylidene acetal functional group were synthesized and characterized. These compounds exhibited good …

Exploring The Role Of Ring Annulation In Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons For Organic Electronic Applications, Tanner Smith

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Organic materials offer promising potential for the next generation of electronic devices, as their tunability, processability, and low-temperature manufacturing make them a cheap and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based electronics. The ability to systematically alter the electronic properties of organic materials is vital for their incorporation into device applications. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of significant interest for organic electronic applications, as relevant properties are highly dependent on their size, structure, and functionalities, and thus can be tuned to fit a wide variety of applications. Due to the enormous number of structural isomers available in larger PAHs, the development of …