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2016

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Full-Text Articles in Chemistry

Graphene Quantum Dots Electrochemistry And Development Of Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensor [Hybrid Poster 1-B], Tyler Smith, Alexander Banaszak Nov 2016

Graphene Quantum Dots Electrochemistry And Development Of Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensor [Hybrid Poster 1-B], Tyler Smith, Alexander Banaszak

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are zero-dimensional material derived from graphene derivatives with characteristics from the structure of graphene with quantum confinement and edge effects possessing unique properties. Intense research activity in GQDs is attributed to their novel physical-chemical phenomena arising from the sp2-bonded carbon core surrounded with edge functional moieties. In this work, GQDs of optimal 5-7 nm size are investigated for their fundamental electrochemical properties and use in electrochemical sensing including enzyme-based glucose biosensor. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on GQDs modified glassy carbon (GC) and the UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, electron microscopy, cyclic …

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Molecular Sensitivity And Selectivity Of Metal Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene As ‘Smart’ Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (Sers) Platforms [Hybrid Poster 1-A], Alexander Banaszak, Tyler Smith Nov 2016

Molecular Sensitivity And Selectivity Of Metal Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene As ‘Smart’ Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (Sers) Platforms [Hybrid Poster 1-A], Alexander Banaszak, Tyler Smith

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Raman scattering signal enhancement that uses graphene as support, graphene-enhanced Raman scattering (GERS), is a recent phenomenon. It can produce clean and reproducible Raman signals of chemical molecules with significantly enhanced signal intensity in contrast to traditional surface- (SERS) and tip- enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) techniques. While enhancement in SERS and TERS arise due to the electromagnetic mechanism, GERS also relies on a chemical mechanism and therefore shows unique molecular sensitivity and selectivity. In this work, we developed graphene materials decorated with noble metal (silver and gold) nanoparticles for detection of different chemical molecules e.g. methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine …

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P-26 Detection Of Counterfeit Antimalarial Drugs By Sers, Getahun Merga, P. Shepard, M. Trujillo, J. Camden Nov 2016

P-26 Detection Of Counterfeit Antimalarial Drugs By Sers, Getahun Merga, P. Shepard, M. Trujillo, J. Camden

Celebration of Research and Creative Scholarship

Substandard antimalarial drugs are a major problem to the health of citizens in developing countries, and it is likely that the problem persists due to the lack of means to detect substandard drugs. Various colorimetric techniques have been implemented to determine if a drug contains the stated active ingredient or not, but vibrational spectroscopies such as NIR and Raman can be used to more reliably quantify the amount of active ingredient. The use of Raman, however, has been limited by the presence of significant sample fluorescence that interferes with detection of the SERS signals of the active ingredients. Thus, we …

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Effects Of Sintering Parameters On The Microstructure And Tensile Properties Of In Situ (Ti5si3 + Tibw)/Ti6al4v Composites With Two-Scale Network Architecture, Yang Jiao, L. J. Huang, L. Geng Oct 2016

Effects Of Sintering Parameters On The Microstructure And Tensile Properties Of In Situ (Ti5si3 + Tibw)/Ti6al4v Composites With Two-Scale Network Architecture, Yang Jiao, L. J. Huang, L. Geng

The 8th International Conference on Physical and Numerical Simulation of Materials Processing

No abstract provided.

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Persistence Of Trace Organic Contaminants From A Commercial Biosolids-Based Fertilizer In Aerobic Soils, Travis A. Banet, Jihyun R. Kim, Michael L. Mashtare Aug 2016

Persistence Of Trace Organic Contaminants From A Commercial Biosolids-Based Fertilizer In Aerobic Soils, Travis A. Banet, Jihyun R. Kim, Michael L. Mashtare

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Municipal biosolids are recycled as agricultural fertilizers. Recent studies have raised concerns due to the presence of emerging contaminants in municipal biosolids. Previous research suggests that these contaminants have the potential to reside in biosolids-based fertilizers that are commercially distributed. Use of these products in urban/suburban areas may provide a pathway for these contaminants to enter ecosystems and impact human and environmental health. Soils from Purdue University’s community garden and MiracleGro Potting Mix were chosen to represent commonly used urban/suburban growth media. Triclosan, triclocarban, and methyl parabens were selected as compounds of interest for this study. A heat treated commercial …

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Assembly Of Nucleic Acid-Based Nanoparticles By Gas-Liquid Segmented Flow Microfluidics, Matthew L. Capek, Ross Verheul, David H. Thompson Aug 2016

Assembly Of Nucleic Acid-Based Nanoparticles By Gas-Liquid Segmented Flow Microfluidics, Matthew L. Capek, Ross Verheul, David H. Thompson

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

The development of novel and efficient mixing methods is important for optimizing the efficiency of many biological and chemical processes. Tuning the physical and performance properties of nucleic acid-based nanoparticles is one such example known to be strongly affected by mixing efficiency. The characteristics of DNA nanoparticles (such as size, polydispersity, ζ-potential, and gel shift) are important to ensure their therapeutic potency, and new methods to optimize these characteristics are of significant importance to achieve the highest efficacy. In the present study, a simple segmented flow microfluidics system has been developed to augment mixing of pDNA/bPEI nanoparticles. This DNA and …

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Intramolecular Reductive Heck Approach To Guaipyridine Alkaloids, Samantha Grosslight, Hope Spargo May 2016

Intramolecular Reductive Heck Approach To Guaipyridine Alkaloids, Samantha Grosslight, Hope Spargo

Scholars Week

The guaipyridine alkaloids are a family of compounds that all share an unusual carbon structure, whose source plants have been used as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. Members of the guaipyridine family include cananodine and the rupestines. Cananodine has been isolated from the fruits of the Canaga odorata in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Cananodine has been used of decades as a traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, infections and fever. Studies of cananodine’s biological activity have reveled activity against Hep G2 and Hep 2,2,15 human hepatocarcinoma cell lines, the most common types of liver cancer. Due to …

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Evaluating Nucleophile And Substrate Specificities Of Sortase A Homologs For Orthogonal Reactivity, Nicholas Horvath, Jesse Prelesnik May 2016

Evaluating Nucleophile And Substrate Specificities Of Sortase A Homologs For Orthogonal Reactivity, Nicholas Horvath, Jesse Prelesnik

Scholars Week

Enzymes have become an attractive option for protein modification chemistry due to the remarkable site-specificity they afford. Of particular interest is sortase A from taphylococcus aureus (SrtAaur), which has garnered attention for its ability to install a variety of non-natural modifications to a conserved oligopeptide substrate. In addition to SrtAaur it has become apparent that sortase A homologs exist in other bacterial strains, each of which is potentially a novel catalyst for protein engineering. Previous work has demonstrated that eight representative sortase A homologs exhibit unique specificities for synthetic peptide substrates, capable of identifying characteristic combinations of amino acids in …

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Gold Catalyzed Lactonization Of Epoxide Esters, Carlos Enciso Lopez May 2016

Gold Catalyzed Lactonization Of Epoxide Esters, Carlos Enciso Lopez

Scholars Week

Lactones are cyclic esters of varying ring size that occur naturally in organic compounds. Organic structures such as these have various useful biological activities applicable to antibacterial drugs, potential anticancer drugs, and participants of metabolic processes. Gold catalysts Au(I) and Au(III) are shown in our experiments to be effective in inducing intramolecular lactonization of epoxide esters to form desired lactone products. In our experiments gold catalysts coordinated with epoxides to develop a positive charge on the carbon nearest to the carbonyl. The result is an intramolecular lactonization of the ester via nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl oxygen onto the positive …

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Solving The Molecular Structure Of Hybrid Human-Porcine Factor Viii Through X-Ray Crystallization, Mikko Sayre, Amanda Weis, Brenna Park-Egan May 2016

Solving The Molecular Structure Of Hybrid Human-Porcine Factor Viii Through X-Ray Crystallization, Mikko Sayre, Amanda Weis, Brenna Park-Egan

Scholars Week

Factor VIII (fVIII) is a protein that is involved in the coagulation cascade, a collection of reactions that is activated by injury and leads to the formation of blood clots. Deficiencies in fVIII lead to the bleeding disorder hemophilia A, a condition that occurs in 1 in 5000 births. The current treatment for hemophilia A is inefficient and costly; however, there is potential through the use of recombinant hybrid human-porcine fVIII. Hybrid fVIII shows up to 12-fold higher coagulant activity than human fVIII, and can retain its activity even in the presence of inhibitory antibodies. The primary objective of our …

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Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Optical Fibers As Chemical Sensors, Deanna Myers, Luke Degraaff May 2016

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Optical Fibers As Chemical Sensors, Deanna Myers, Luke Degraaff

Scholars Week

There is a great need to be able to measure chemical environments at both the cellular and sub- cellular levels in real time because chemical irregularities in these environments are indicative of many disease states. In this project, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based optical fiber sensor is designed to monitor pH in real time. SERS spectra of reporter molecules adsorbed on the fiber are used to deliver information on the chemical composition of the environment.

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Thiophene Based Molecular Sensors Towards Mercury Detection, Austin K. Shigemoto, Carolyn N. Virca, Sam Underwood, Lauren Shetterly, Theresa M. Mccormick May 2016

Thiophene Based Molecular Sensors Towards Mercury Detection, Austin K. Shigemoto, Carolyn N. Virca, Sam Underwood, Lauren Shetterly, Theresa M. Mccormick

Student Research Symposium

Toxic heavy metals such as mercury have increased in concentration in the environment due to pollution. Inorganic mercury in the environment can be later converted to a more toxic form: methylmercury. Regular consumption of fish containing methylmercury can lead to several cognitive and motor disorders as well as Minamata disease. The current methods used to detect both methylmercury and inorganic mercury in sea life and drinking water involve long sample preparation and cost. In order to more efficiently track this toxic metal in the environment and identify contaminated food and water sources, a cheaper and faster method of detection is …

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Optimal Concentrations Of Ethanol And Isopropanol For The Dissolution Of Pmma, Maya Costales '16 Apr 2016

Optimal Concentrations Of Ethanol And Isopropanol For The Dissolution Of Pmma, Maya Costales '16

IMSAloquium Student Investigation Showcase

Last year we studied the effectiveness of Alcohol/Water mixtures in dissolving PMMA. PMMA is a commonly used resist in electron beam lithography. Ethanol/Water mixtures in a 4:1 volume ratio developed PMMA such that they could replace mixtures of Methyl(isobutylketone) and Isopropanol. Raman spectroscopy revealed that Ethanol/Water mixtures in a 4:1 ratio and IPA/Water mixtures in a 3:1 ratio have different vibrations than those of pure Ethanol, IPA, and water. Our study this year will discuss the characteristics of Ethanol/Water and Isopropanol/Water solutions with dissolved Poly(methylmethracrylate). A fixed amount of 12,000 molecular weight PMMA was dissolved into a series of these …

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Modulated Hydrothermal Synthesis And Optimization Of Hf/Zr-Fumarate Metal-Organic Frameworks, Ioannina Castano Apr 2016

Modulated Hydrothermal Synthesis And Optimization Of Hf/Zr-Fumarate Metal-Organic Frameworks, Ioannina Castano

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

Water-stable Hf/Zr-Fumarate (FMA) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly promising for gas separation because of their postulated small pore size compared to other UiO-66-type MOFs and the low cost of fumaric acid. However, the efficient synthesis of these MOFs remains a big challenge. A mild, green, scalable modulated hydrothermal (MHT) method was applied for the synthesis of these MOFs. Specifically, acetic acid (AA), formic acid (FA), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were used as the modulators. Various water to modulator solvent ratios were studied to investigate the effects of modulators on surface area and gas uptake properties. The MHT synthesized Hf/Zr-FMA MOFs …

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Time Travel: Scientists And Their Contributions Towards The Discoveries Of The Atom And Atomic Properties, Austin Wright Apr 2016

Time Travel: Scientists And Their Contributions Towards The Discoveries Of The Atom And Atomic Properties, Austin Wright

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

The discovery of the atom and its associated components and properties paved the way for laying the foundation of chemistry related knowledge. However, the historical discoveries of each individual component are often forgotten or ignored due to the students‰Ûª innate belief of it ‰Û÷being difficult‰Ûª to remember such specific information. To assist students with grasping the properties of the atom and its components, a timeline-assisted chronology of atomic discoveries was created. Our objective is to present the scientists, with their individual contributions to atomic theory, along with the year it was discovered in an interactive manner. Using this timeline, students …

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Instrumentation For Determining Prebiotic Species In The Interstellar Medium, Lydia Rudd, Ben Lamm, Kevin Roenitz, Manori Perera, Faculty Advisor Apr 2016

Instrumentation For Determining Prebiotic Species In The Interstellar Medium, Lydia Rudd, Ben Lamm, Kevin Roenitz, Manori Perera, Faculty Advisor

John Wesley Powell Student Research Conference

Oral presentation abstract.

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Microwave Assisted Synthesis Of Tri-Substituted Pyridazine Exploration, Austin Wright Apr 2016

Microwave Assisted Synthesis Of Tri-Substituted Pyridazine Exploration, Austin Wright

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Pyridazines are nitrogen-containing compounds that have been found to show a number of pharmaceutical applications. They exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, and antibacterial properties to name a few. In particular: 3,4,6-triphenylpyridazine derivatives are known to possess anticancer properties. The purpose of this project is to synthesize tri-substituted pyridazine derivatives using microwave-assisted reactions, and to check its biological applications. Microwave synthesis will help shorten reaction times and produce high, efficient yields. Various catalysts, bases, reaction times, and temperatures will be explored to study the scope of the reactions.

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Titanium-Oxides As A Stabilizing Agent For Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (Epfrs), Josef Baylis Apr 2016

Titanium-Oxides As A Stabilizing Agent For Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (Epfrs), Josef Baylis

Scholarly and Creative Works Conference (2015 - 2021)

The mechanism of formation for surface bound radicals were studied using ab initio quantum methods. The shift in electron density from transition metal surfaces to surface bound radical groups was studied to learn the mechanism for the binding. Results indicate an oxidation-reduction based mechanism of formation.

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13c Nmr Spectroscopy: Transmission Effects In 1-Phenyl-3,5-Diarylpyrazoles, Amy N. Hockstedler, Anand B. Shah, Beatrice A. Edjah, Glenda M. Duffek, Krishna D. Patel, Hadrian Mendoza, Hayley B. Arrowood, Nicole A. Brown, Saajid Z. Azhar Apr 2016

13c Nmr Spectroscopy: Transmission Effects In 1-Phenyl-3,5-Diarylpyrazoles, Amy N. Hockstedler, Anand B. Shah, Beatrice A. Edjah, Glenda M. Duffek, Krishna D. Patel, Hadrian Mendoza, Hayley B. Arrowood, Nicole A. Brown, Saajid Z. Azhar

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

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Comparison Of Conventional And Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (Cxcr4) Antagonists, Saniya Virani, Damilola Gbadebo, Theresa D. Gaines, Francisco Javier Garcia Apr 2016

Comparison Of Conventional And Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (Cxcr4) Antagonists, Saniya Virani, Damilola Gbadebo, Theresa D. Gaines, Francisco Javier Garcia

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

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Characterization Of A Zinc Finger Protein With A High Affinity For The Rev Binding Site Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Beatrice Arthur Edjah Apr 2016

Characterization Of A Zinc Finger Protein With A High Affinity For The Rev Binding Site Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Beatrice Arthur Edjah

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

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Analysis Of New Hiv-1 Inhibitors As Potential Antiviral Agents For Hiv-2, Rowan Brothers Apr 2016

Analysis Of New Hiv-1 Inhibitors As Potential Antiviral Agents For Hiv-2, Rowan Brothers

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

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Direct Chemical Control Of Pu.1, A Hematopoietic Regulator, Noa Erlitzki Apr 2016

Direct Chemical Control Of Pu.1, A Hematopoietic Regulator, Noa Erlitzki

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

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Macromolecular Crowding Effects Of Ldh, Sadiq Ali Shaik Apr 2016

Macromolecular Crowding Effects Of Ldh, Sadiq Ali Shaik

Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Symposium

No abstract provided.

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Non-Traditional Hydrogen Bond Explanation Of Asymmetric Catalysis Of Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions By Dinuclear Zinc Semi-Crown Ligands, Ayan N. Ahmed, Brandon Vernier, Jeffrey Rohde, Jeffrey D. Evanseck Apr 2016

Non-Traditional Hydrogen Bond Explanation Of Asymmetric Catalysis Of Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions By Dinuclear Zinc Semi-Crown Ligands, Ayan N. Ahmed, Brandon Vernier, Jeffrey Rohde, Jeffrey D. Evanseck

Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Symposium

Semi-crown ligands have been utilized in the asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reactions involving enol silyl ethers; however, the factors that influence the stereoselectivity are not understood. Our previous work suggests that competition between the formyl and alpha hydrogen bonds between a chiral catalyst and the formyl or alpha hydrogen of the aldehyde play a critical role in the overall stereoselectivity. To understand the Mukaiyama aldol reaction, we investigate the Trost dinuclear zinc-based semi-crown ligand and its role in the reaction using the M06-2X functional paired with Dunning basis sets. Our discussion centers upon our energetic findings and consequences of the alpha …

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Effects Of Macromolecular Crowding On Ferredoxin And Ferredoxin-Nadp+ Reductase Kinetics, Danielle Bautista, David W. Seybert Ph.D. Apr 2016

Effects Of Macromolecular Crowding On Ferredoxin And Ferredoxin-Nadp+ Reductase Kinetics, Danielle Bautista, David W. Seybert Ph.D.

Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Symposium

Macromolecular crowding refers to the intrinsic occurrence of high concentrations of macromolecules found within cells, which may alter biomolecular properties of other macromolecules. Simulating these environments in vitro should enable a more accurate understanding of these modifications. We have employed in vitro studies to specifically examine the effects of macromolecular crowding on biological redox reactions. The iron-sulfur protein ferredoxin (Fdx) and the FAD-containing flavoprotein ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR), from Spinacea oleracea, were utilized as a model electron transfer system. Utilizing NADPH as a reductant, the Fdx-FNR complex reduces mammalian cytochrome c as a surrogate electron acceptor. Reduction of the heme moiety …

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The Effect Of Nitrate On The Release Of Glucose Into The Hemolymph Of Crayfish, Procambarus Clarkii, Alec R. Flores, Lee Kats, David Green, Gary Bucciarelli Apr 2016

The Effect Of Nitrate On The Release Of Glucose Into The Hemolymph Of Crayfish, Procambarus Clarkii, Alec R. Flores, Lee Kats, David Green, Gary Bucciarelli

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

Pollutants can change the behaviors of invertebrate stream animals. The level of one common pollutant, nitrate (NO3), has been rising in many local rivers and streams throughout the United States due to increases in anthropogenic sources. Nitrate, heavily regulated for its toxic effects to human health, namely the aiding in the development of cancer, also dangerously affects aquatic species by converting oxygen-carrying pigments to forms that are incapable of carrying oxygen. To understand the stress effects of ambient nitrate exposure on P. clarkii, we collected hemolymph samples from red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) over a 48-hour period after exposure to …

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Biodegradable Copolymers Made With Magnesium Complexes, Reile M. Slattery, Joseph M. Fritsch Apr 2016

Biodegradable Copolymers Made With Magnesium Complexes, Reile M. Slattery, Joseph M. Fritsch

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

In this study, a bis-ligated magnesium complex was used to initiate the ring opening copolymerization of L-lactide (L-LA) and ϵ-caprolatone (ϵCL) and the isolated polymeric materials were characterized with NMR spectroscopy. First, the simultaneous feeding of both monomers resulted in the synthesis of homopolymer poly-lactic acid (PLA). Polymerization experiments with sequential addition of L-LA and ϵCL yielded surprising results. The ring opening polymerization of ϵCL yielded poly-caprolactone (PCL) which with the addition of L-LA yielded a di-block copolymer of PCL and PLA. The presence of the two homopolymer blocks in the copolymer was identified with 13C NMR where …

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Antimicrobial Properties Of Isomers Of Benzofuranylethanol, Nick Cheatwood, Jessica Bronstad, Michele Harris Mar 2016

Antimicrobial Properties Of Isomers Of Benzofuranylethanol, Nick Cheatwood, Jessica Bronstad, Michele Harris

Undergraduate Research Conference

A biotransformaDon reacDon is a chemical conversion of a substance into a desired product with the aid of whole, living cells containing the necessary enzymes. In addiDons to living cells, other substances, such as vegetable strips, will also catalyze biotransformaDon reacDons. Advantages of biotransformaDon reacDons include the following: the ability to recycle material, the use of less hazardous chemicals, the ability to compost vegetable strips, the use of inexpensive materials that are locally available, and the ability to produce a single isomer. The biotransformaDon reacDon for the conversion of benzofuranyl methyl ketone (BMK) to (-)-benzofuranylethanol (BMA) using carrot strips as …

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Evaluation Of The Performance Of A Rural Surface Water Treatment Plant In Nacogdoches, Texas, Esmeralda Garcia, Jennifer Hanes, Phillip Sharp, Petra Kadakova, Kefa Karimu Onchoke, Michael Janusa Mar 2016

Evaluation Of The Performance Of A Rural Surface Water Treatment Plant In Nacogdoches, Texas, Esmeralda Garcia, Jennifer Hanes, Phillip Sharp, Petra Kadakova, Kefa Karimu Onchoke, Michael Janusa

Undergraduate Research Conference

The performance of a rural surface water treatment plant in Nacogdoches Texas was assessed for selected metals (Ag, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn) from June 2015 through spring 2016. Results indicate that the lake water coming into the surface water treatment plant was significantly cleaner after treatment and was below maximum World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards.

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