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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Chemistry
Raman Spectroscopy For Forensic Identification Of Body Fluid Traces: Method Validation For Potential False Negatives Caused By Blood-Affecting Diseases, Niara Nichols
Chemistry
Two critical issues in forensic science are identifying body fluid traces found at crime scenes and preserving them for DNA analysis. However, the majority of current biochemical tests for body fluid identification, which are applicable at the crime scene, are presumptive and destructive to the sample. Raman Spectroscopy provides a suitable alternative to current methods as a nondestructive, confirmatory, and potentially in field method. Our laboratory has developed a chemometric model for the identification of five main body fluids using Raman spectroscopy. This model was developed using samples obtained from healthy donors. Thus, it is of most importance for the …
Development Of Bioaffinity Based Assays For Forensic Applications, Juliana Maria Agudelo Cano
Development Of Bioaffinity Based Assays For Forensic Applications, Juliana Maria Agudelo Cano
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In the field of forensic science, body fluids are a major contributor of evidence in investigations. However, body fluids are usually used only for their genetic content, overlooking its unique composition of proteins and low-molecular-weight compounds that often serve as biomarkers in clinical diagnostics. This investigation aimed to develop simple, effective, and economical models that can be used to identify different attributes of the originator. The focus of this research was to develop biocatalytic cascades that could analyze body fluids by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. These models could be implemented in forensic settings, as well as in biometric authentications. The central …
Development Of Visible-Light-Mediated Photoredox Catalysis, Sarbjeet Kaur
Development Of Visible-Light-Mediated Photoredox Catalysis, Sarbjeet Kaur
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
ABSTRACT
Molecular And Supramolecular Structures Of Triiodides And Polyiodobismuthates Of Phenylenediammonium And Its N,N-Dimethyl Derivative, Evgeny V. Dikarev, Zheng Wei, Tatiana A. Shestimerova, Nikita A. Golubev, Mikhail A. Bykov, Andrei V. Mironov, Sergey A. Fateev, Alexey B. Tarasov, Ivan Turkevych, Andrei V. Shevelkov
Molecular And Supramolecular Structures Of Triiodides And Polyiodobismuthates Of Phenylenediammonium And Its N,N-Dimethyl Derivative, Evgeny V. Dikarev, Zheng Wei, Tatiana A. Shestimerova, Nikita A. Golubev, Mikhail A. Bykov, Andrei V. Mironov, Sergey A. Fateev, Alexey B. Tarasov, Ivan Turkevych, Andrei V. Shevelkov
Chemistry Department Faculty Scholarship
Despite remarkable progress in photoconversion efficiency, the toxicity of lead-based hybrid perovskites remains an important issue hindering their applications in consumer optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, LED displays, and photodetectors. For that reason, lead-free metal halide complexes have attracted great attention as alternative optoelectronic materials. In this work, we demonstrate that reactions of two aromatic diamines with iodine in hydroiodic acid produced phenylenediammonium (PDA) and N,N-dimethyl-phenylenediammonium (DMPDA) triiodides, PDA(I3)2⋅2H2O and DMPDA(I3)I, respectively. If the source of bismuth was added, they were converted into previously reported PDA(BiI4)2⋅I2 …
Molecular Simulation Of Rna Conformational Dynamics : An Example Of Micro-Rna Targeting Messenger Rna : Mir-34a-Msirt1, Parisa Ebrahimi
Molecular Simulation Of Rna Conformational Dynamics : An Example Of Micro-Rna Targeting Messenger Rna : Mir-34a-Msirt1, Parisa Ebrahimi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
MicroRNA (miRNA), as a distinct class of biological regulators and a ”guide” member of non-coding RNA-protein complexes (RNPs), regulates more than 60% of protein-coding genes expression through base-pairing with targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) in the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). Most of miRNAs identified in human, are conserved in other animals, which have preferentially conserved interaction sites particularly in 3’ untranslated regions (3’UTRs) of many human messenger mRNAs.The capability of a single miRNA to target more than hundreds of mRNAs, suggests that miRNAs influence essentially all developmental process and diseases, which also makes them interesting candidates as therapeutics agents. The primary …
Molecular Simulation Of Rna Conformational Dynamics : An Example Of Micro-Rna Targeting Messenger Rna : Mir-34a-Msirt1, Parisa Ebrahimi
Molecular Simulation Of Rna Conformational Dynamics : An Example Of Micro-Rna Targeting Messenger Rna : Mir-34a-Msirt1, Parisa Ebrahimi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
MicroRNA (miRNA), as a distinct class of biological regulators and a ”guide” member of non-coding RNA-protein complexes (RNPs), regulates more than 60% of protein-coding genes expression through base-pairing with targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) in the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). Most of miRNAs identified in human, are conserved in other animals, which have preferentially conserved interaction sites particularly in 3’ untranslated regions (3’UTRs) of many human messenger mRNAs.The capability of a single miRNA to target more than hundreds of mRNAs, suggests that miRNAs influence essentially all developmental process and diseases, which also makes them interesting candidates as therapeutics agents. The primary …
Two Dimensional Nanoparticles/Nanozymes For Biosensing Augmented By Machine Learning, Nidhi Chintan Nandu
Two Dimensional Nanoparticles/Nanozymes For Biosensing Augmented By Machine Learning, Nidhi Chintan Nandu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Biosensing is an ever-evolving field with many resources devoted towards new approaches in sensing and refining the existing methods. For a long time, such approaches involved use of state-of-the-art instruments and were often proved to be time consuming and expensive. Nanoparticles with their unique properties, inexpensive synthesis and ease of manipulation have found purpose in myriad fields including biosensing. Different nanoparticles based on their composition, morphology, dimensionality, and surface modifications have already gained foot hold in the biosensor ranks. The unique opto-electric properties due to the quantum effect in the nanoparticles have also made them one of the leading alternatives …
Comparison Of Raman Spectra Of Smokeless Powders For Cartridge Differentiation, Nathan Bartlett
Comparison Of Raman Spectra Of Smokeless Powders For Cartridge Differentiation, Nathan Bartlett
Chemistry
As crimes involving firearms continue to be prevalent, forensic methods processing firearms evidence must keep pace with the changes in said evidence. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, or SEM-EDS, is a method that targets the inorganic portions of gunshot residue (GSR) evidence, namely lead, barium, and antimony, to characterize a cartridge used at a crime scene, and was the most often used analysis method for characterizing ammunition cartridges. The rise of lead-free ammunition has made it so that SEM-EDS alone is not sufficient for the characterization of inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR), and studies have shifted towards being able …
The Business Of Chemistry: The Effect Of Chemical Innovation On The U.S. Cosmetics Market, Tania Gonzalez
The Business Of Chemistry: The Effect Of Chemical Innovation On The U.S. Cosmetics Market, Tania Gonzalez
Chemistry
This study discusses the relationship between two distinct fields of study: chemistry and economics. Chemistry is a business in itself and has major effects on the US economy. Examining the U.S cosmetics market and the recent development of organic products will show the effect on market growth and the growing importance of organic cosmetics in the United States. The recent awareness and concern for eco-friendly and safer ingredients fueled by millennials is discussed. The average annual expenditure in the U.S. cosmetics market is examined and inflation is taken into account. The purpose is to show the importance of research in …
A Project To Dye For : Differentiation Of Dyed And Non-Dyed Human Hairs Using Atr Ft-Ir Spectroscopy, Joseph John Greco
A Project To Dye For : Differentiation Of Dyed And Non-Dyed Human Hairs Using Atr Ft-Ir Spectroscopy, Joseph John Greco
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
IR spectroscopy is widely utilized for forensic purposes due to the chemical fingerprint the method provides. ATR FT-IR spectroscopy is particularly advantageous because it allows for spectra to be collected quickly, accurately, and perhaps most importantly for forensics, non-destructively. Human hair is commonly collected at a crime scene, and further analyzed using DNA analysis and microscopy. However, these techniques have limitations. In the past ATR FT-IR spectroscopy has shown promise in the analysis of human hair for forensic purposes. In this study, the differentiation of undyed hair versus dyed hair classes of varying colors based on their IR spectra were …
Polymers In Drug Delivery Systems, Aashay Paresh Pratap
Polymers In Drug Delivery Systems, Aashay Paresh Pratap
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Conventional drug delivery is associated with challenges such as low bioavailability, reduced half-life, nonspecific interactions, high immunogenicity, and degradation of drug before reaching the target. Modern drug delivery systems are designed to overcome the challenges of conventional drug delivery methods. Polymers play a crucial role in the development of modern drug delivery systems. Polymers form delivery vehicles that improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects of a drug. Furthermore, it is possible to control the release of drug by using the delivery vehicles. Polymeric vehicles exist in different forms such as polymeric nanoparticles, hydrogels, and vesicles. Each form …
Utilizing Raman Spectroscopy To Determine The Time Since Deposition Of Heated Bloodstains, Alexis Pearl Barber
Utilizing Raman Spectroscopy To Determine The Time Since Deposition Of Heated Bloodstains, Alexis Pearl Barber
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The development of novel forensic methods is a rapidly growing area within analytical chemistry. Analytical chemistry is well suited for forensic analyses as a plethora of information can be ascertained from utilizing a wide variety of techniques. At the scene of violent crimes, bloodstain evidence is one of the most frequently found and valuable types of evidence. This is because blood is a complex biological fluid which can provide crucial information during a forensic investigation including DNA evidence. The most informative form of analysis is DNA profiling, which potentially allows for the identification of an individual. However, there is more …
Missense Mutations In The Gamma Crystallins And Mechanisms Of Lens Opacity, Wenjuan Hou
Missense Mutations In The Gamma Crystallins And Mechanisms Of Lens Opacity, Wenjuan Hou
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cataract, or clouding of the ocular lens, among the most common types of eye diseases, is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. With the opacity or clouding of the lens, light incident on the lens is scattered rather than being transmitted and is thus prevented from focusing on the retina. The lens becomes cataractous due to a large number of reasons, among which aging and genetic mutations are two of the most common factors. Clouding of the center of the lens or nuclear opacity, is the most frequently observed type of age-onset cataract, as well as inherited, congenital cataract [1, …
Novel Functional Proteomics Techniques For Multiplex And Single Cell Cytokines Detection, Mohammed Abdullah
Novel Functional Proteomics Techniques For Multiplex And Single Cell Cytokines Detection, Mohammed Abdullah
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Since the early stages of biological research, the vital role of molecules in living creatures has been investigated and documented. According to Francis Watson's definition of the central dogma of biology, proteins are the final product of molecular biology and can't transfer information to other proteins like DNA or mRNA. Therefore, they are considered as the functional molecules of biology making them are more clinically relevant. However, the available techniques to study the protein characters, which coined laterally as proteomics science, are not well developed as genomics techniques did. Since the first human genome project is finished, the cost of …
Mass Spectral And Chemometric Analysis For The Detection And Identification Of Forensically Relevant Materials, Meghan Grace Appley
Mass Spectral And Chemometric Analysis For The Detection And Identification Of Forensically Relevant Materials, Meghan Grace Appley
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Forensic science is the application of science to the law which in and of itself covers a substantial number of disciplines. Many of these involve the detection and identification of materials using analytical techniques. Traditional analysis methods include microscopy, spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The materials encountered by forensic practitioners are ever evolving, resulting in the need to develop new methods to complement conventional techniques to enhance the evidentiary value of the samples. The research presented here shows that novel methods including direct analysis in real time–high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS), thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS), solid-phase microextraction (SPME) …
Novel Sensing Concept For Organophosphate Monitoring, Cheyenne Bowman
Novel Sensing Concept For Organophosphate Monitoring, Cheyenne Bowman
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Organophosphates are a group of insecticides that are commonly used as chemical warfare agents (CWAs), since they can act as nerve agents by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase is a vital enzyme of the central nervous system (CNS). This enzyme facilitates the breakdown of acetylthiocholine into thiocholine and acetate. The major goal of the research will be to provide a preliminary rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for sensing organophosphates. Current methods are enzyme inhibition-based – that is, a decrease in absorbance or signal yields a positive indicator for the presence of analyte. Herein, two different novel approaches to organophosphate sensing are described.The …
Legacy And Emerging Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances : Analysis, Environmental Distribution, And Bioconcentration, Richard Anthony Brase
Legacy And Emerging Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances : Analysis, Environmental Distribution, And Bioconcentration, Richard Anthony Brase
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a broad class of anthropogenic chemicals that have been used in numerous industrial and consumer-product applications since the late 1940s. The environmental persistence of these compounds in combination with their widespread commercial use have led PFAS to be recognized as contaminants of concern on the global scale. Despite regulatory efforts calling for the decreased use of certain perfluorocarboxylic and -sulfonic acids referred to as “legacy” PFAS, these compounds continue to be detected in both environmental and biological matrices. Moreover, manufacturers have begun to replace the legacy PFAS with emerging alternatives for which the regulations …
Applications Of Mass Spectrometry To Forensic Entomology : Calliphoridae Species Determination, Monitoring Of Decomposition Volatiles, And Discovery Of Chemical Cues, Justine Elizabeth Giffen-Lemieux
Applications Of Mass Spectrometry To Forensic Entomology : Calliphoridae Species Determination, Monitoring Of Decomposition Volatiles, And Discovery Of Chemical Cues, Justine Elizabeth Giffen-Lemieux
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Forensic entomology is the study of insects that colonize human/animal wounds and remains and their development for use in legal contexts. It has numerous facets and applications including: estimation of time since death; investigation of neglect/abuse of children and the elderly; and determination of the presence of toxins and drugs as a potential cause of death. In order for the discovered insects to be of forensic utility, accurate species identification is crucial. Current methodologies for species determination rely on the knowledge and expertise of an entomologist; exhaustive taxonomic keys; and access to adequate equipment and facilities; resources which are often …
Application Of Direct Analysis In Real Time-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry To Genus- And Species-Level Differentiation And Identification Of Coral, Jessica Mary Hayes
Application Of Direct Analysis In Real Time-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry To Genus- And Species-Level Differentiation And Identification Of Coral, Jessica Mary Hayes
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Coral reefs are one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems, and the accurate identification of the species is essential for diversity assessment, species delimitation and conservation. Current species and genus determination approaches are time consuming, resource intensive and can be highly subjective. To explore the hypothesis that the small molecule profiles of coral are species and genus specific, and can be used as a rapid tool to catalogue, classify and identify coral genera and species, the small-molecule chemical fingerprints of coral belonging to the species Acanthastrea echinata, Catalaphyllia jardinei, Duncanopsammia axifuga, Echinopora lamellosa, Euphyllia divisa, Euphyllia paraancora, Euphyllia paradivisa, Galaxea …
Development Of Chemical Methods For Oligonucleotide Purification, Paramagnetic Labeling And Synthesis Of Dna-Based Advanced Materials, Muhan He
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis describes a chemical method for alternative oligonucleotide purification that is non-chromatographic and gel-free and allows to routinely synthesize and purify long functional RNA strands. The purification of long RNAs is based on the bio-orthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) chemistry between trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine (Tz). Target oligonucleotide strands are selectively tagged with Tz and can be captured and purified from the failure sequences with immobilized TCO. RNA strands are synthesized on solid support through a photolabile linker to avoid the loss of Tz tag. Purity of the isolated oligonucleotides was evaluated using gel electrophoresis, HPLC and mass …
Physical Characteristics And Microphysical Processing Of Atmospheric Aerosol In Rural And Urban New York State, Joseph Marto
Physical Characteristics And Microphysical Processing Of Atmospheric Aerosol In Rural And Urban New York State, Joseph Marto
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Atmospheric aerosol has profound impacts on air quality, though particles of differing sizes can have profoundly different characteristics which are understated when measurements are reported as a single parameter (typically number concentration or total mass). To address some of these concerns and to better understand the nature of atmospheric aerosol, continuous particle size distributions have been measured at two sites in New York State. Measurement was performed for particle diameters between 7.6nm - 20µm at Pinnacle State Park (Addison, New York; March 2017-April 2018) and Queens College (May 2018-September 2019) at a 5-minute time resolution. At Pinnacle State Park, aerosol …
The Role Of Ammonia In Atmospheric New Particle Formation And Implications For Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Arshad Arjunan Nair
The Role Of Ammonia In Atmospheric New Particle Formation And Implications For Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Arshad Arjunan Nair
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Atmospheric ammonia has received recent attention due to (a) its increasing trend across various regions of the globe; (b) the associated direct and indirect (through PM2.5) effects on human health, the ecosystem, and climate; and (c) recent evidence of its role in significantly enhancing atmospheric new particle formation (NPF or nucleation) rates. The mechanisms behind nucleation in the atmosphere are not fully understood, although over the last decade there have been significant developments in our understanding. This dissertation aims at improving our understanding of atmospheric ammonia in the atmosphere, its spatiotemporal variability, its role in atmospheric new particle formation, and …
The Detection And Identification Of Blood On Interfering Substrates Using Raman Spectroscopy And Hamand For Forensic Purposes, Jalissa M. Thomas
The Detection And Identification Of Blood On Interfering Substrates Using Raman Spectroscopy And Hamand For Forensic Purposes, Jalissa M. Thomas
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Body fluids, such as blood and semen, can provide invaluable information to a criminal investigation. As such, it is imperative that body fluid evidence is properly detected and identified. Our laboratory has developed a methodology to universally detect and identify body fluids using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. This methodology was developed under ideal conditions, which are rare in the field. Body fluid evidence can be found on substrates that produce a large Raman signal that can hinder detection of body fluid traces, which produce a weak signal. This project proposes the use of a statistical program called HAMAND (Hypothetical Addition …