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Artificial intelligence

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Articles 1081 - 1110 of 1112

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Life And Evolution In Computers, Melanie Mitchell Jan 2000

Life And Evolution In Computers, Melanie Mitchell

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper argues for the possibility of 'artificial life' and computational evolution, first by discussing (via a highly simplified version) John von Neumann's self-reproducing automaton and then by presenting some recent work focusing on computational evolution, in which 'cellular automata', a form of parallel and decentralized computing system, are evolved via 'genetic algorithms'. It is argued that such in silico experiments can help to make sense of the question of whether we can eventually build computers that are intelligent and alive.

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Pattern Classification Using Genetic Algorithms., Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay Dr. Feb 1999

Pattern Classification Using Genetic Algorithms., Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay Dr.

Doctoral Theses

Pattern recognition and machine learning form a major area of research and develop- ment activity that encompasses the processing of pictorial and other non-numerical information obtained from the interaction between science, technology and society. A motivation for the spurt of activity in this field is the need for people to com- municate with the computing machines in their natural mode of communication. Another important motivation is that the scientists are also concerned with the idea of designing and making intelligent machines that can carry out certain tasks that we human beings do. The most salient outcome of these is the …

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The Round Table Model: A Web-Oriented, Agent-Based Approach To Decision-Support Applications, Kym J. Pohl, Jens G. Pohl Aug 1998

The Round Table Model: A Web-Oriented, Agent-Based Approach To Decision-Support Applications, Kym J. Pohl, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

Not unlike King Arthur relying on the infamous Round Table as the setting for consultation with his most trusted experts, agent-based, decision-support systems provide human decision makers with a means of solving complex problems through collaboration with collections of both human and computer-based expert agents. The Round Table Framework provides a formalized architecture together with a set of development and execution tools which can be utilized to design, develop, and execute agent-based, decision-support applications. Based on a three-tier architecture, Round Table incorporates forefront technologies including distributed-object servers, inference engines, and web-based presentation to provide a framework for collaborative, agent-based decision …

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On The Developement Of An Optical Character Recognition(Ocr) System For Printed Bangla Script., Umapada Pal Dr. Jun 1998

On The Developement Of An Optical Character Recognition(Ocr) System For Printed Bangla Script., Umapada Pal Dr.

Doctoral Theses

This thesis concerns OCR development of machine printed text in an Indian lan- guage, Bangla (Bengali) which is the fourthmost popular language in the world and the secondmost popular language in India.1.1 Optical Character Recognition Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a process of automatic computer recog- nition of characters in optically scanned and digitized pages of text. OCR is ene of the most fascinating and challenging areas of pattern recognition with various practical applications. It can contribute tremendously to the advancement of an automation process and can improve the interface between man and machine in many applications, including office automation …

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Neuro Fuzzy Reasoning For Pattern Classification And Object Recognition., Jayati Ghosh Dr. Mar 1998

Neuro Fuzzy Reasoning For Pattern Classification And Object Recognition., Jayati Ghosh Dr.

Doctoral Theses

In real world, pattern classification and object recognition problems are faced with fuzzi- ness that is connected with diverse facets of cognitive activity of the human being. An origin of sources of fuzziness is related to labels expressed in feature space as well as to labels of classes taken into account in classification and /or recognition procedures. Though a lot of scientific efforts have already been dedicated to pattern recognition problems, especially to classification procedures, still pattern recognition is confronted with a continuous challenge coming from a human being who can perform lot of ex- tremely complex classification tasks by …

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Design And Design Centers In Engineering Education, Clive L. Dym Jan 1998

Design And Design Centers In Engineering Education, Clive L. Dym

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

This paper is intended to be the opening salvo of the workshop, Computing Futures in Engineering Design (Dym, 1997). Thus, I want to take this privileged moment to ask you to think with me about the role of design in engineering. In particular, I want to reflect upon how design is articulated and how design is taught; about the role of design in engineering education and in the practice of engineering; and about the role that could be played locally and, perhaps, nationally by a center devoted to design education. Because I teach here at Harvey Mudd College (HMC), …

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A Complex-Systems Perspective On The “Computation Vs. Dynamics” Debate In Cognitive Science, Melanie Mitchell Jan 1998

A Complex-Systems Perspective On The “Computation Vs. Dynamics” Debate In Cognitive Science, Melanie Mitchell

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

I review the purported opposition between computational and dynamical approaches in cognitive science. I argue that both computational and dynamical notions will be necessary for a full explanatory account of cognition, and give a perspective on how recent research in complex systems can lead to a much needed rapprochement between computational and dynamical styles of explanation.

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A Methodology For The Selection Of A Paradigm Of Reasoning Under Uncertainty In Expert System Development, Vivian Campbell Jan 1998

A Methodology For The Selection Of A Paradigm Of Reasoning Under Uncertainty In Expert System Development, Vivian Campbell

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The aim of this thesis is to develop a methodology for the selection of a paradigm of reasoning under uncertainty for the expert system developer. This is important since practical information on how to select a paradigm of reasoning under uncertainty is not generally available. The thesis explores the role of uncertainty in an expert system and considers the process of reasoning under uncertainty. The possible sources of uncertainty are investigated and prove to be crucial to some aspects of the methodology. A variety of Uncertainty Management Techniques (UMTs) are considered, including numeric, symbolic and hybrid methods. Considerably more information …

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Learning To See Analogies: A Connectionist Exploration, Douglas S. Blank Dec 1997

Learning To See Analogies: A Connectionist Exploration, Douglas S. Blank

Computer Science Faculty Research and Scholarship

The goal of this dissertation is to integrate learning and analogy-making. Although learning and analogy-making both have long histories as active areas of research in cognitive science, not enough attention has been given to the ways in which they may interact. To that end, this project focuses on developing a computer program, called Analogator, that learns to make analogies by seeing examples of many different analogy problems and their solutions. That is, it learns to make analogies by analogy. This approach stands in contrast to most existing computational models of analogy in which particular analogical mechanisms are assumed a priori …

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Simulation Study Of Learning Automata Games In Automated Highway Systems, Cem Unsal, Pushkin Kachroo, John S. Bay Nov 1997

Simulation Study Of Learning Automata Games In Automated Highway Systems, Cem Unsal, Pushkin Kachroo, John S. Bay

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

One of the most important issues in Automated Highway System (AHS) deployment is intelligent vehicle control. While the technology to safely maneuver vehicles exists, the problem of making intelligent decisions to improve a single vehicle’s travel time and safety while optimizing the overall traffic flow is still a stumbling block. We propose an artificial intelligence technique called stochastic learning automata to design an intelligent vehicle path controller. Using the information obtained by on-board sensors and local communication modules, two automata are capable of learning the best possible (lateral and longitudinal) actions to avoid collisions. This learning method is capable of …

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Development Of A Standard Set Of Indicators And Metrics For Artificial Intelligence (Ai) And Expert System (Es) Software Development Efforts, Derek F. Cossey Sep 1996

Development Of A Standard Set Of Indicators And Metrics For Artificial Intelligence (Ai) And Expert System (Es) Software Development Efforts, Derek F. Cossey

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to identify a standard set of indicators and metrics that can be used by program managers to improve their abilities to direct development efforts involving Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Expert Systems (ES). This research addresses two objectives. The first objective is to identify an appropriate set of software indicators and metrics to be used by government program offices for the management of development efforts involving software systems for AI and ES. The second objective is to demonstrate how the resources of the National Software Data and Information Repository (NSDIR) can be used in order …

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Neuro-Fuzzy Models For Classification And Rule Generation., Sushmita Mitra Dr. Oct 1995

Neuro-Fuzzy Models For Classification And Rule Generation., Sushmita Mitra Dr.

Doctoral Theses

Machine recognition [1, 2] of patterns can be viewed as a two-fold task, consisting of learning the invariant and common properties of a set of samples characterizing a class, and of deciding a new sample as a possible member of the class by noting that it has properties common to those of the set of samples. In other words, pattern recognition by computers can be described as a transformation from the measurenment space M to the feature space F and finally to the decision space D (1), i.e., M ⟶F⟶D.Here, the mapping 6 : F⟶D is the decision function and …

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Connectionist Models For Certain Tasks Related To Object Recognition., Jayanta Basak Dr. Sep 1995

Connectionist Models For Certain Tasks Related To Object Recognition., Jayanta Basak Dr.

Doctoral Theses

Recognition of objects in an image, according to Suetens et al. [1), relers to the task of finding and labeling parts of a two-dimensional image of a scene that correspond to the real objects in the scene. Object recognition is necessary in a variety of domains like robot navigation, aerial imagery analysis, industrial inspection and so on. Normally, different strategies for object recognition (1-(5] involve establishing some model for each object, i.e., some general description of each object, and then labeling different parts of the scene according to the knowledge about the models.Object models can have two-dimensional (2D) or three-climensional …

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An Integrated Framework For Learning And Reasoning, Christophe G. Giraud-Carrier, Tony R. Martinez Aug 1995

An Integrated Framework For Learning And Reasoning, Christophe G. Giraud-Carrier, Tony R. Martinez

Faculty Publications

Learning and reasoning are both aspects of what is considered to be intelligence. Their studies within AI have been separated historically, learning being the topic of machine learning and neural networks, and reasoning falling under classical (or symbolic) AI. However, learning and reasoning are in many ways interdependent. This paper discusses the nature of some of these interdependencies and proposes a general framework called FLARE, that combines inductive learning using prior knowledge together with reasoning in a propositional setting. Several examples that test the framework are presented, including classical induction, many important reasoning protocols and two simple expert systems.

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Interview: Brenda Laurel, Jason Challas Jul 1995

Interview: Brenda Laurel, Jason Challas

SWITCH

This interview with Brenda Laurel, Virtual Reality (VR) author and thinker, discusses the applications and challenges of VR. Creating an emphatic experience using VR technology is possible, but the challenge lies in designing an environment that models the senses to stimulate emotions. VR enables experiences of different genders, but physiological differences between the sexes exist and are important to understand. However, technology used to create the environment and simulation of physical objects in VR is only in the developmental stage. Laurel believes in the importance of keeping the mind grounded in the physical body, in order to strengthen the appreciation …

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On Lexical And Syntactic Processing Of Bangla Language By Computer., Probal Sengupta Dr. Aug 1994

On Lexical And Syntactic Processing Of Bangla Language By Computer., Probal Sengupta Dr.

Doctoral Theses

A distinctive intelligent trait of human beings is the ability to carry out meaningful communication through language. The communication may be direct as in spoken conversation or indirect as in written form, through the audio-visual media, etc. Linguistic ability in humans have fascinated scholars ever since man first learnt to use language. Linguistics, the branch of study involved in studying the nature of human linguistic communication, is perhaps as old as language itself. The invention of the computer added a new dimension to linguistics. Making the computer emu- late human linguistic behaviour was taken up as a challenge by computer …

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Automated Manpower Rostering: Techniques And Experience, C. M. Khoong, Hoong Chuin Lau, L. W. Chew Jul 1994

Automated Manpower Rostering: Techniques And Experience, C. M. Khoong, Hoong Chuin Lau, L. W. Chew

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We present ROMAN, a comprehensive, generic manpower rostering toolkit that successfully handles a wide spectrum of work policies found in service organizations. We review the use of various techniques and methodologies in the toolkit that contribute to its robustness and efficiency, and relate experience gained in addressing manpower rostering problems in industry.

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Multivalued Approach For Uncertainty Management., Deba Prasad Mandal Dr. Feb 1994

Multivalued Approach For Uncertainty Management., Deba Prasad Mandal Dr.

Doctoral Theses

Real life problems are rarely free from uncertainty which usually emerges from the deficiencies of information available from a situation. The defi- ciencies may result from incomplete, imprecise, not fully reliable, vague or contradictory information depending on the problem. Management of uncer- tainty in a decision making system has been an important research problem for many years.Until the inception of the concept of fuzzy set theory in 1965 (1), the theory of probability and statistics was the primary mathematical tool for modeling uncertainty in a system/situation. Fuzzy set theory has shown enormous proinise in handling uncertaintics to a reasonable extent …

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On Image Segmentation Using Neural Networks And Fuzzy Sets., Ashish Ghosh Dr. Nov 1993

On Image Segmentation Using Neural Networks And Fuzzy Sets., Ashish Ghosh Dr.

Doctoral Theses

During the last five decades or even more a large number of researchers are trying to design intelligent systems to perform tasks at which human beings are more efficient at present. One of the most important behavioral tasks in which human beings show their expertise is image analysis or recognition; where a large amount of pictorial data is processed in a very small amount of time (called real time). Widespread attempts have been made to develop intelligent systems (under different names, like pattern recognition system, image under- standing system, computer vision system etc.) for pictorial pattern analysis and recognition. The …

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Graphical Evolution Experiments In Artificial Life, Gary R. Greenfield Feb 1993

Graphical Evolution Experiments In Artificial Life, Gary R. Greenfield

Department of Math & Statistics Technical Report Series

Larry Yaeger's alife simulation running on a Silicon Graphics Iris Workstation is called Poly World. Our description of PolyWorld is based on notes taken during an oral presentation and video demonstration given in the Artificial Life Panel Session of SIGGRAPH '92: In PolyWorld the visual organisms roam on a bounded two dimensional grid. The organisms "brains" are small neural nets enabling the organisms to control their external visual appearance and to perceive the external world by processing pixmaps. The simulation controls for total energy while striving to explore competition and self-organization. Genes present are for size, strength, maximum speed, mutation …

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An Intelligent Real-Time System Architecture Implemented In Ada, Michael A. Whelan Dec 1992

An Intelligent Real-Time System Architecture Implemented In Ada, Michael A. Whelan

Theses and Dissertations

Conventional real-time systems are fully deterministic allowing for off-line, optimal, task scheduling under all circumstances. Real-time intelligent systems add non-deterministic task execution times and non- deterministic task sets for scheduling purposes. Non-deterministic task sets force intelligent real-time systems to trade-off execution time with solution quality during run-time and perform dynamic task scheduling. Four basic design considerations addressing those tradeoffs have been identified: control reasoning, focus of attention, parallelism, and algorithm efficacy. Non-real- time intelligent systems contain an environment sensor, a model of the environment, a reasoning process, and a large collection of procedural processes. Real-time intelligent systems add to these …

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Design Of An Artificial Neural Network Based Tactile Sensor For The Utah/Mit Dexterous Hand, Jeffery D. Nering Sep 1992

Design Of An Artificial Neural Network Based Tactile Sensor For The Utah/Mit Dexterous Hand, Jeffery D. Nering

Theses and Dissertations

The Neural Tactile Sensor (NTS) is a high resolution, easily manufactured tactile sensor consisting of electrodes, a thin resistive 'skin', and pattern recognition circuitry that is capable of resolving dynamic and static contact location, force, and slip throughout the continuum of the sensor's active region. The sensor operates by means of a resistive 'skin' harboring the electric field generated when a current is injected into it, and a plurality of electrodes for taking measurements of said electric field. When current flows through the resistive medium from the location of tactile contact, an electric field within the resistive medium is established, …

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Boolean Reasoning And Informed Search In The Minimization Of Logic Circuits, James J. Kainec Mar 1992

Boolean Reasoning And Informed Search In The Minimization Of Logic Circuits, James J. Kainec

Theses and Dissertations

The minimization of logic circuits has been an important area of research for more than a half century. The approaches taken in this field, however, have for the most part been ad hoc. Boolean techniques have been employed to manipulate formulas, but not to perform symbolic reasoning. Boolean equations are employed principally as icons; they are never solved. The first objective of this dissertation is to apply Boolean reasoning systematically and uniformly to the minimization problem. Boolean reasoning entails the reduction of systems of Boolean equations to a single equation; the single equation is an abstraction, independent of the form …

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Hardware-Verification Through Logic Extraction, Michael A. Dukes Mar 1992

Hardware-Verification Through Logic Extraction, Michael A. Dukes

Theses and Dissertations

A Prolog-based system is described which employs logic-extraction to perform hardware-verification. The extraction rules are built automatically from hierarchical structural VHDL models, enabling the equivalence of a structural VHDL description and a layout specification to be verified. Pin-to-pin critical- path analysis is performed within the logic-extraction process; many noncritical paths are pruned early, making pin-to-pin critical path analysis of large circuits feasible. It is demonstrated that a design methodology based on logic extraction, VHDL, and a layout tool can provide a fabricated functionally- correct IC design without circuit-level or switch-level simulation. This methodology is shown to be practical for VLSI …

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Ilona: An Advanced Cai Tutorial System For The Fundamentals Of Logic, Otto Mayer, Graham E. Oberem, Fillia Makedon Sep 1991

Ilona: An Advanced Cai Tutorial System For The Fundamentals Of Logic, Otto Mayer, Graham E. Oberem, Fillia Makedon

Computer Science Technical Reports

An advanced tutorial system for teaching the fundamentals of logic has been developed to run on UNIX work stations and commonly available micro-computers. An important part of this tutorial is the intelligent problem solving environment which allows students to practise wiriting logical sentences in mathematical notation. A natural language system for intelligent logic narrative analysis (ILONA) allows students to type in their own logical sentences in plain English and then have the computer check their working when they write these in mathematical form. ILONA is an intelligent tutoring system which allows students a great deal of initiative in problem solving …

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An Expert System Job Aid For Users Of The Automated Scheduling Module, Kevin A. Gore Sep 1991

An Expert System Job Aid For Users Of The Automated Scheduling Module, Kevin A. Gore

Theses and Dissertations

This research developed an Expert System for novice aircraft maintenance schedulers (AFSC: 392XX) with little experience using the Automated Scheduling Module (ASM). First, an in-depth literature review was completed. Next, personal interviews were conducted with an ASM expert and other 392XX personnel. Prototypes using VP-Expert and KnowledgePro shells were created. The knowledgePro shell was selected to create the ASM Job Aid, combining the knowledge of the expert and AFM 66-279. The program was verified, validated, and favorably reviewed by 392XX personnel. Recommendations include: The Air Force Logistics Management Center (AFLMC) examine the ASM Job AId and develop a Performance Support …

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Heuristics For Hospital Inventory Management, Thomas G. Hibson Sep 1991

Heuristics For Hospital Inventory Management, Thomas G. Hibson

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the reasoning strategies used by hospital logistics management experts and was conducted at the Wright-Patterson AFB (WPAFB) Medical Center. An expert system was developed to verify the captured strategies. The particular area of interest of this study was the reasoning strategies involved in the reconciliation of the Monthly Stock Status Report within the Medical Logistics Branch. A literature review revealed there were few guidelines as to when and what action to pursue when reconciling the Monthly Stock Status Report. Though there were no references in the literature on expert systems that dealt with this particular report, there …

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A Philosophical Critique Of Artificial Intelligence, David Miller Apr 1990

A Philosophical Critique Of Artificial Intelligence, David Miller

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The term "Artificial Intelligence" creates fantastic images of robots and omniscient machines. Of all the technological pursuits, Artificial Intelligence best epitomizes man's thirst for technology. The science of making machines think stands at the apex of man's mission, reflecting not only his desire for control over his world but also his quest to control himself. To create a machine capable of thought -- rational life -- would mean that man would have achieved a dream as old as technology itself.

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On A Class Of Stochastic Approximation -Type Parameter-Learning Algorithms For Pattern Recognition., Amita Pal Dr. Feb 1988

On A Class Of Stochastic Approximation -Type Parameter-Learning Algorithms For Pattern Recognition., Amita Pal Dr.

Doctoral Theses

The first tank can involve one or more subtasks. For instance, it may require the design of a classifier on the basis of whatever prior knowledge there is of the feature space, or given the design, to estimate efficiently the parameters of the classifier. The latter might involve the estimation of the density function itself if very little is known about the class-conditional fenture distribution, or it may necessitate the entimation of the parameters of the fenture distribution, if one can assume it to have some known form. It may also involve estimating the boundaries of the classes, if even …

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Computers And The Nature Of Man: A Historian's Perspective On Controversies About Artificial Intelligence, Judith V. Grabiner Oct 1986

Computers And The Nature Of Man: A Historian's Perspective On Controversies About Artificial Intelligence, Judith V. Grabiner

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

The purpose of the present paper is to provide a historical perspective on recent controversies, from Turing's time on, about artificial intelligence, and to make clear that these are in fact controversies about the nature of man. First, I shall briefly review three recent controversies about artificial intelligence, controversies over whether computers can think and over whether people are no more than information-processing machines. These three controversies were each initiated by philosophers who, irrespective of what the programs of their time actually did, viewed with alarm the argument that if a machine can think, a thinking being is just a …

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