Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Variations In Physicochemical Properties, Microbiological Profiles, And Nutrient Dynamics In The Temi River, Arusha, Tanzania: Sources And Implications, Aldo J. Kitalika

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study thoroughly investigates the physicochemical properties, microbiological profiles, and nutrient dynamics of the Temi River in Tanzania. The sources and implications of fluctuations in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients during the wet and dry seasons are carefully analysed. Water samples were collected from various geographically referenced points along the river, and analyses were performed using the APHA Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater Testing. The results show that most parameters increased downstream in both seasons, with the highest DOC levels reaching 352.11 mg/L in the wet season, followed by a significant decrease to 126.00 mg/L during the dry …

Geographic And Sociodemographic Disparities In Early Hearing Detection And Intervention Adherence, Amanda Pavan, Anton Kvit, Michael Van Skiba, Analise Ristic, Kirsten R. Coverstone

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

Early identification and intervention are crucial to minimizing impacts of congenital hearing loss. Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs recommend newborn hearing screening before one month of age and a diagnostic audiologic evaluation before three months for infants who do not pass the screening. However, not all infants meet these benchmarks, as geographic and sociodemographic factors may influence adherence.

Addresses of primary contacts and audiology clinics were geocoded to calculate drive times to the nearest clinic in 10-minute intervals for infants born in Minnesota between 2019 and 2021. Birth location, NICU admittance, and sociodemographic characteristics were also analyzed. Random …

Enzyme-Free Colorimetric Sensing Of Glucose Using Silver Nanoparticles With A Green Stabilizing Agent From Capsicum Chinense Jacq Extract, Boyfannie Ivan Putra, Hermin Sulistyarti, Muhammad Mashuri Utama, Aura Ananda Haryanto, Rurini Retnowati, Mohamad Rafi, Akhmad Sabarudin

Makara Journal of Science

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global health issue characterized by abnormal glucose levels in the human body. DM diagnostics are often based on invasive sampling from blood, which poses a potential risk of infection and tissue damage. Therefore, a non-enzymatic and non-invasive method for glucose monitoring is demanded as a simple alternative to glucose detection in urine samples. In this work, enzyme-free glucose determination is based on the formation of silver nanoparticles stabilized by Capsicum chinense Jacq extract (CCJ-AgNPs). Under alkaline conditions, glucose functions as a reducing agent for silver ions, and the extract acts as a stabilizer to …

Microplastic Degradation Using Laccase Enzyme From Trametes Hirsuta: In The Silico Study, Hanzhola Gusman Riyanto, Diana Sylvia

Makara Journal of Science

Microplastics are a serious global problem that arises worldwide because of their widespread use. Exposure to microplastics can negatively affect human and environmental health. In this study, we used molecular docking methods with MOE software (version 2014.0901) to investigate the interaction between the laccase enzyme and several microplastic compounds as a preliminary study of microplastic degradation using enzymes. The Quantitative Structure Analysis Relationship (QSAR) analysis revealed that all microplastic ligands had higher Pa values than Pi, indicating that the laccase enzyme may be biologically active. The findings of the present study show that polyamide (PA) has the lowest binding energy …

Multi-Satellite Image Matching And Deep Learning Segmentation For Detection Of Daytime Sea Fog Using Gk2a Ami And Gk2b Goci-Ii, Jonggu Kang, Hiroyuki Miyazaki, Seung Hee Kim, Menas Kafatos, Daesun Kim, Jinsoo Kim, Yangwon Lee

Institute for ECHO Articles and Research

Traditionally, sea fog detection technologies have relied primarily on in situ observations. However, point-based observations suffer from limitations in extensive monitoring in marine environments due to the scarcity of observation stations and the limited nature of measurement data. Satellites effectively address these issues by covering vast areas and operating across multiple spectral channels, enabling precise detection and monitoring of sea fog. Despite the increasing adoption of deep learning in this field, achieving further improvements in accuracy and reliability necessitates the simultaneous use of multiple satellite datasets rather than relying on a single source. Therefore, this study aims to achieve higher …

Fast Dispersion-Curve Inversion Using Automatic Differentiation Gradient-Based Calculation, Theodosius Marwan Irnaka, Eddy Hartantyo

Makara Journal of Science

Surface wave inversion is a crucial technique in geophysics for subsurface imaging. However, traditional methods can be computationally intensive, especially for complex models. This study introduces automatic differentiation (AD) as an efficient alternative to finite difference (FD) methods for gradient calculation in surface wave inversion. We compare AD and FD methods using three synthetic examples of varying complexity. Our results demonstrate that AD is significantly faster, with speed improvements of 3 to 12 times over FD, depending on model complexity. Moreover, AD requires up to 3 times less memory than FD. In terms of accuracy, AD provides gradient calculations that …

Design And Modeling Of A Thin Water Falling-Film For Convection-Cloud Chambers, Grant T. Schlaff, Jesse Anderson, Brandon Kieranen, Constantine M. Megaridis, Raymond Shaw

Michigan Tech Publications

Convection–cloud chambers offer a controlled environment to study aerosol-cloud interactions. Ensuring sustained supersaturation in these chambers requires a reliable and efficient water sourcing mechanism. Maintaining saturated boundary conditions on side-walls is important in chambers with large vertical dimensions (up to 10m) aimed at achieving collisional growth of cloud droplets. This study introduces the design, modeling, and measurement of a falling-film system capable of maintaining a stable, continuously replenished water film for continuous evaporation. A distributor is tested, ensuring uniform water coverage over a panel with a range of surface treatments. These surface treatments with micron to 100micron-scale roughness allow for …

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Pharmacokinetics, Drug-Likeness, Toxicity, And Molecular Docking Studies Of 4-N-(Methyl)-4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives As Antimalarial Compounds, Muhamad Jalil Baari, Devi Hardiyanti

Makara Journal of Science

Antimalarial drug resistance has encouraged various innovations to develop novel drug compounds that are effective, feasible, and safe, adhering to health standards. One way to do that is by observing and predicting the biological activity of drug compounds using quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. In this study, QSAR analysis was conducted on the 4-N-(methyl)-4-aminoquinoline derivatives, which effectively inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum as a source of malaria. The research stages involved molecular structure modeling, molecular geometry optimization using the AM1 semi-empirical method, and QSAR descriptor calculations, including electronic (atomic charges (q), HOMO and LUMO energies, polarizability (α), …

Impact Of Ethanol On The Evolution Of One-Step Synthesized Gold Nanoplates And Nanostars And Their Effects On Raman Signal Enhancement, Ananda Fania, Nonni Soraya Sambudi, Kirana Yuniati Putri, Yuliati Herbani, Affi Nur Hidayah

Makara Journal of Science

Gold nanoplates and nanostars were synthesized from a gold metal salt solution (HAuCl₄) using a one-step synthesis method of ultraviolet C (UVC) light irradiation. The gold salt solution was mixed with ethanol in 6 mL with the following ratios: (1.5:4.5, 3:3, and 4.5:1.5), and subsequently irradiated with UVC light. Changes in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) shifts were observed in real time at 30-min intervals for 2 h. The synthesis process produces gold nanoplates. While gold nanostars were synthesized from a solution of gold salt combined with ethanol, ascorbic acid, and AgNO₃, maintaining a consistent ratio …

Draft Final Quarterly Operations And Maintenance Report: Butte Treatment Lagoon System – Third Quarter 2025, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Suitability Of Mobile Phase Recycling For Methylxanthine Quantification In Coffee Samples Using Hplc, Kaitlin O’Keeffe, Marcos Mariano, Brian Murphy

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Caffeine, theobromine and theophylline fall under a drug class known as methylxanthines. These three compounds are of major interest in the food industry due to their presence in popular foods and beverages such as tea, coffee, and chocolate. As these compounds can cause physical and mental stress at high dosages, their quantification is essential to ensure product safety and quality. Here, we describe an eco-friendly HPLC method developed to quantify the amount of these analytes in coffee samples sourced across the SETU Waterford, Cork Road campus. Using an isocratic mixture of water and methanol, a mobile phase recycling approach was …

Developing A Tool To Measure Resistance To Sustainable Food Choices: A Pilot Study In Ireland And The Netherlands, Kate Flanagan, Bart Sinteur, Patricia J. Bulsing, John M. Kearney

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Consumer uptake of a sustainable diet is critical for addressing environmental challenges and promoting public health. Understanding why consumers resist adopting sustainable eating habits can inform targeted interventions and policies. This pilot study examines whether a newly developed scale can effectively detect consumer resistance to a sustainable diet. Currently, there is a lack of research on a tool to measure consumer resistance to a sustainable diet, highlighting the need for a reliable instrument.

The aim of this study is to develop a scale, based on existing literature, to measure consumer resistance to a sustainable diet. Additionally, the study aims to …

Editorial-Sure Journal Volume 7, Issue 2, Geraldine M. Dowling, Eva Campion, Sinead Loughran, Ariane Perez-Gavilan, Josephine Treacy

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

No abstract provided.

Fine-Tuning Llama2 For Summarizing Discharge Notes: Evaluating The Role Of Highlighted Information, Mahshad Koohi Habibi Dehkordi, Yehoshua Perl, Fadi P. Deek, Hao Liu

School of Computing Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This study investigates whether incorporating highlighted information in discharge notes improves the quality of the summaries generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). Specifically, it evaluates the effect of using highlighted versus unhighlighted inputs for fine-tuning LLaMA2-13B model for summarization tasks. We fine-tuned LlaMA2-13B in two variants using MIMIC-IV-Ext-BHC dataset: one variant fine-tuned with the highlighted discharge notes (H-LLaMA), and the other on the same set of notes without highlighting (U-LLaMA). Highlighting was performed automatically using a Cardiology Interface Terminology (CIT) presented in our previous work. H-LLaMA and U-LLaMA were evaluated on a randomly selected test set of 100 discharge notes …

Multipacking On Graphs And Euclidean Metric Space, Sk Samim Islam

Doctoral Theses

A multipacking in an undirected graph G = (V,E) is a set M ⊆ V such that for every vertex v ∈ V and for every integer r ≥ 1, the ball of radius r around v contains at most r vertices of M, that is, there are at most r vertices in M at a distance at most r from v in G. The multipacking number of G is the maximum cardinality of a multipacking of G and is denoted by mp(G). The MULTIPACKING problem asks whether a graph contains a multipacking of size at least k. For more …

Re: Comment Letter For Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Interim Site-Wide Surface Water Monitoring Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp) (Dated November 24, 2025), Emma Rott

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Advancements In Perfect Matchings Within Neutrosophic Fuzzy Graphs: Theory And Applications, Muhammad Saeed, Fatima Razaq

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Graph theory has been widely used in exemplifying relational structure, and a greater generalization to fuzzy and neutrosophic space enables the exemplification of uncertainty, indeterminacy, and inconsistency in complex systems. Some of these extensions include the neutrosophic fuzzy graphs that provide a more detailed description of the loose relations between the vertices and the edges. However, unlike in classical graph theory, where the concepts of matching and perfect matching are well developed, very little has been studied on how the two concepts can be extended to neutrosophic fuzzy graphs. To seal this gap, the current paper develops and defines the …

Integrating Mcdm Techniques For Optimized Task Offloading In Multi-Uav- Enaled Mobile Edge Computing System, Amira Salam

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Carefully choosing a task offloading strategy is crucial for optimizing task scheduling and offloading strategies in a multi-UAV system. Regarding cost, responsiveness, scalability, and data security, each strategy has pros and cons. As a result, selecting the best offloading technique is essential to multi-UAV mobile edge computing task scheduling optimization. A methodical and well-informed decision-making process accomplishes this.

The current study introduces a new hybrid methodology for the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model, known as IVNs-DEMATEL-ANP-VIKOR. The purpose of this model is to find and choose an efficient task offloading strategy. With this method, we use IVNs-DEMATEL to show how different …

Mixed Linear Equation–Inequality Systems Over The Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra, Muhammad Rayyanu Abdullahi, Abdulhadi Aminu

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper proposes a neutrosophic extension of max-plus algebra for solving mixed systems of linear equations and inequalities.Classical max-plus algebra is a powerful tool for modeling synchronization in discrete-event systems LastNatpreClose LastNatClose, but it assumes fully deterministic data.To incorporate uncertainty and indeterminacy, we reformulate the framework so that coefficients and variables are expressed as neutrosophic numbers

γ+λI,γ,λ∈ℝ,I∈[0,1],

where I quantifies the degree of indeterminacy.

We redefine the max-plus semiring in this neutrosophic setting, extend solvability and uniqueness results, and adapt the ONEMLP-EI algorithm LastNatpreClose LastNatClose to handle neutrosophic …

Mapping Sustainability To Cybernetic-Generative Artificial Intelligence-Based Education: An Innovative Neutrosophic Orbifold-Lattice Methodology, Mona Mohamed, Ahmed A. Metwaly

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The lightning-fast development of artificial intelligence (AI), notably generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) technologies, has intrigued multiple disciplines, particularly education. In this context, Large Language Models (LLMs) serve as beneficial cognitive resources that address knowledge deficits and provide tailored educational support for learners and staff. For learners, LLMs are regarded as knowledgeable educators who offer prompt, focused responses and rationales to tricky queries. Whereby LLMs for staff, Strength enhancer, automating tedious tasks, and creating intelligent resources.Gen AI’s rapid growth offers enormous obstacles for educational systems, compelling them to discover solutions for these obstacles.

Conceptually, cybernetics is leveraged for bridging the …

Neutrosophic Σ - Baire Spaces, R. Vijayalakshmi, F. Josephine Daisy, M. Simaringa

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

A Neutrosophic Baire Space extends the concept of Baire Space from classical topology to the realm of neutrosophic topology which deals with sets and spaces where truth, falsehood and indeterminancy are explicitly considered. In this paper the concept of neutrosophic σ - baire spaces are introduced in Neutrosophic topological spaces. Also Neutrosophic σ - dense, Neutrosophic σ - nowhere dense, Neutrosophic σ -first category and Neutrosophic σ - second category sets are defined. Several characterizations of neutrosophic σ - baire spaces are investigated and explained using examples and the conditions under which a neutrosophic topological space becomes a neutrosophic σ …

An Algorithm For Extracting Bathymetry From Icesat-2 Data That Employs Structure And Density Using Concentric Ellipses, Yuri Rzhanov, Kim Lowell

Faculty Publications

The ICESat-2 satellite collects LiDAR data along linear orbital tracks using a photon-counting green wavelength (532.27 nm) instrument. The utility of combining ICESat-2 data with satellite imagery for training and subsequently applying satellite-derived bathymetry models to provide estimates of shallow water depth is well-established. However, automating and improving the accuracy of the identification of ICESat-2 photon events (PEs) representing bathymetry remains a challenge. This article presents an algorithm for automated extraction of PEs reflected from the ocean floor (rather than the ocean surface or noise in the water column). The algorithm is unique in examining both the density of PEs …

Re: Comment Letter For Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft 2026 Interim Site-Wide Groundwater Monitoring Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp) (Dated November 18, 2025), Emma Rott

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Salicylic Acid Heterocyclic Derivatives: Chemical Synthesis And Biological Activity, Rawaa Hefdi Zaooli, Marwa Abdulameer Mseer, Amneen Mohammed Alsayegh

Al-Bahir

Before a drug can be widely used, it must go through a long development process, starting from the discovery of the active ingredient and continuing with tests to confirm its safety and effectiveness. In this study, new olsalazine derivatives were synthesized, containing a fused morpholine-3-one ring and two five-membered heterocyclic rings (thiadiazole and oxadiazole). Common and readily available materials, such as salicylic acid (to prepare 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoic acid) and inexpensive catalysts, were used to synthesize compounds from the first, 5,5'-(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoic acid) (A1), to the seventh, 6,6'-(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(N-(4-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-8-carboxamide) (A7).

Each compound was characterized by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, along with physical properties such …

Energetics And Kinetics Of Alkali Ion Exchange In Analcime, Jinyi Liu, An T. Ta, R. Seaton Ullberg, Jean Wilfried Hounfodji, Michael Badawi, Hans Conrad Zur Loye, Simon R. Phillpot

Faculty Publications

We employ density functional theory calculations to investigate the energetics and diffusion mechanisms of alkali metal ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, and Cs⁺) within the analcime framework. While Na⁺preferentially adsorbs at the center of the 8-member ring, DFT calculations show that larger ions, such as Cs⁺, occupy the center of the cage due to steric constraints. The computed exchange energies indicate that exchange of Na⁺by Cs⁺is thermodynamically favorable. Migration energy barriers, determined using the climbing image nudged elastic band method, show that Na⁺is …

Chaos Engineering In Multi-Gigahertz Solid-State Lasers: A Novel Approach To Optoelectronic Control, Mikhail V. Gorbunkov, Yulia Ya. Maslova, Yulia A. Sinichkina

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This paper presents a comprehensive study of a multi-gigahertz chaotic generator of light pulses based on solid-state laser sources, including fiber lasers, governed by carefully designed positive and negative feedback loops. It harnesses the inherent nonlinear dynamics within a solid-state laser controlled by a combination of two inertial feedback loops, enabling the realization of complex chaotic behavior, including the logistic map scenario, under moderate amplification conditions. The laser system dynamics are rigorously investigated through theoretical modeling, employing a nonlinear map approach, and high-resolution picosecond simulations. The results of our numerical simulations highlight the efficacy of fast electro-optical feedback system with …

Unveiling The Anticancer Potential Of Syzygium Cumini: In Silico Insights Into Its Mechanistic Action Against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Nur Sofiatul Aini, Win Darmanto

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most periodic type of lung cancer and the second most diagnosed cancer globally. Syzygium cumini is plant that extensively used in cuisine and traditional medicine. However, its potential for NSCLC treatment has not yet been elucidated. This study determined the potential of S. cumini as anti-NSCLC using in silico approaches. The in silico study was applied to perform active compound analysis, selection of target candidates, network pharmacology, functional annotation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation, respectively. Based on open source databases, S. cumini contained 115 compounds and 14 of them predicted to have …

A New Avenue For Higgs Boson Self-Coupling Measurements: Combined Searches For Higgs Pairs In Multilepton Final States With The Atlas Experiment, Reagan E. Thornberry

Physics Theses and Dissertations

The Higgs boson self-coupling (λ) is a fundamental parameter of the Standard Model that sets the shape of the Higgs potential and probes the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking. This coupling can be directly measured through Higgs boson pair production (HH), which has a predicted production rate roughly 1000 times smaller than single-Higgs production at the LHC.

A combined search for non-resonant Higgs boson pair production in final states with multiple light leptons (e,µ), hadronically decaying τ leptons, and photons is presented, using 140 fb−1 of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of …

Accurate Prediction Of Geometrical Parameters Of An Ultra-Broadband Metamaterial Absorber Using Machine Learning, Md. Rezwan Ahmed, Oishi Jyoti, Pritu Parna Sarkar, Mohammod Abdul Motin, Md. Selim Habib, Md. Samiul Habib

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, we systematically demonstrate the design and analysis of a new type of ultra-broadband tunable metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) comprising a top vanadium dioxide (VO2) based patterned resonating patch, a continuous metallic film at the bottom, and an intermediate dielectric substrate having a thickness of only 0.18 at the center working frequency. The simulation results reveal that the absorber achieves a bandwidth of 7.26 THz, ranging from 5.40 THz to 12.66 THz, with more than 90% absorptance and an average absorption of 98.21% under normal incidence of the incoming THz wave. Furthermore, absorptance exceeding 99% is achieved between …

Exploring Ecological Zonation Of The Yellow River Estuary Coastal Zone Based On Nitrogen And Phosphorus Criteria, Dejuan Jiang, Song Qin, Zhengyi Liu, Ruiteng Sun, Xiaoshuai Hang, Tao Zou, Xiaoguang Li, Lijuan Li, Shichao Tian, Yanfang Li, Yongming Luo, Chuanyuan Wang, Yuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Estuaries, as ecologically sensitive brackish water mixing zones, face a critical bottleneck in refined management because traditional zonation based on socioeconomic attributes overlooks the ecological heterogeneity driven by salinity gradients and nutrient stoichiometry, leading to a disconnect between management measures and conservation needs. This study proposes a novel approach to coastal zonation using nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient criteria as an ecological benchmark. Overall ecological criteria are established for the Yellow River estuary (dissolved inorganic nitrogen: 0.258 mg/L; phosphate: 0.015 mg/L) and a differentiated management scheme is constructed based on a salinity gradient (26.5 PSU boundary). It is recommended to integrate …