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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fostering Coastal Destination Resilience In Maine: Understanding Climate Change Risks And Behaviors, Lydia Horne
Fostering Coastal Destination Resilience In Maine: Understanding Climate Change Risks And Behaviors, Lydia Horne
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Tourism is an increasingly important global industry. Coastal and nature-based tourism destinations are especially vulnerable to climate change. Trends in visitation are expected to shift under changing climate conditions, influencing tourist travel behaviors related to destination selection, timing of visits, and activity participation. Tourism suppliers’ adaptation and mitigation behaviors have the potential to alleviate negative shifts in visitation and respond to negative climate change impacts, while also enabling suppliers to take advantage of emerging opportunities. The purpose of this dissertation is to understand how tourism stakeholders, including tourism suppliers (i.e., business owners, managers) and consumers (i.e., visitors), perceive their risk …
Optical Signatures Of Plankton In The Open Ocean: From Individual Cells To Global Patterns, Nils Haentjens
Optical Signatures Of Plankton In The Open Ocean: From Individual Cells To Global Patterns, Nils Haentjens
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Marine plankton ecosystems play a major role on Earth, having implications for the global carbon cycle and the food-web structures. Ocean color satellites and networks of autonomous platforms equipped with optical sensors are the primary tools used to study phytoplankton dynamics. They provide long term records while offering a synoptic view of our oceans, enabling to study impact of climate variability on planktonic ecosystems. Interpretation of these observations rely heavily on optical theory and how light propagating through the water is affected by particles who absorb and scatter light (e.g. phytoplankton, sediments). However, the complexity of the optical properties of …
Early Life History Of Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) In South Carolina Estuaries: Assessment Of Juvenile Recruitment And Validity Of Aging And Back-Calculation Methods, Garrett M. Elmo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Parametric Model Development For Heterogeneous Atmospheric Conditions, Daniel Paul Greenway
Parametric Model Development For Heterogeneous Atmospheric Conditions, Daniel Paul Greenway
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Variations In The Southern Hemisphere Westerlies Over The Last 23,000 Years From Lake Records In The Falkland Islands, Meghan M. Spoth
Variations In The Southern Hemisphere Westerlies Over The Last 23,000 Years From Lake Records In The Falkland Islands, Meghan M. Spoth
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Southern Hemisphere Westerlies (SHW) are an important driver of climate in the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. Abrupt latitudinal migration of this coupled atmospheric-oceanic system is thought to be linked to the onset of the Termination at the end of the last ice age and to subsequent climatic variation through the late-glacial period and Holocene. However, the timing and spatial extent of these shifts, as well as variations in wind intensity, are poorly constrained, hindering our understanding of abrupt climate change in the Southern Hemisphere. In addition, future changes in the position and intensity of the SHW are a …
Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction Of Quaternary Saltville, Virginia, Using Ostracode Autecology, Austin Gause
Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction Of Quaternary Saltville, Virginia, Using Ostracode Autecology, Austin Gause
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Saltville valley in southwestern Virginia is home to Quaternary localities containing paleontological and archaeological remains. Historically the valley has been mined for salt and the small lakes, ponds and springs along the valley floor have a brackish signature. A preliminary report on the site’s ostracode fauna suggested that the site’s water was not always saline. This study analyzed modern and Quaternary ostracodes to understand the valley’s hydrologic and chemical evolution. Sediments contained primarily freshwater species, including the environmentally sensitive Candona crogmaniana. The presence of Pelocypris tuberculatum and a new Fabaeformiscandona species throughout a vertical section spanning the latest Pleistocene …
Extratropical Cyclones And Associated Climate Impacts In The Northeastern United States, Julia Simonson
Extratropical Cyclones And Associated Climate Impacts In The Northeastern United States, Julia Simonson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There is growing concern that some aspects of severe weather could become more frequent and extreme across the northeastern United States (USNE) as a consequence of climate change. Extratropical cyclones and frontal systems are a common factor in a variety of severe weather hazards in the region. This dissertation examines three types of meteorological events impacting the USNE – ice storms, heavy rainfall, and high-wind events. The first research topic utilizes the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in a case study of the December 2013 New England ice storm. In this analysis, a series of tests are conducted to …
A Comprehensive Study Of The Short-Term Variability Of The Migrating Diurnal Tide In The Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere., Lokupatabendige Ashan Shivantha Vitharana
A Comprehensive Study Of The Short-Term Variability Of The Migrating Diurnal Tide In The Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere., Lokupatabendige Ashan Shivantha Vitharana
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Our ability to understand and predict space weather has become vital due to its significant societal impacts on communication, transportation, and national defense. One of the most exciting discoveries in the last decade has been the realization that tropospheric weather can strongly influence space weather. It is now recognized that the atmospheric waves (gravity waves, atmospheric tides, and planetary waves) play a key role in coupling the lower and upper atmosphere. The focus of this dissertation is to study atmospheric tides. While the climatology of tides has been extensively studied, little is known about the tidal weather (tidal variability
Studies Of Quaternary Depositional Systems Of The Coastal Plain And Inner Continental Shelf Along The Georgia Bight: South Carolina And Georgia, U.S.A., Joshua H. Long
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Quaternary stratigraphy of the continental shelf offshore of South Carolina consists of stratigraphic units deposited in coastal plain, shallow marine, and shelfal environments bound by composite erosional surfaces that developed in response to numerous glacioeustatic cycles and overprinted by regional uplift. These units are commonly distributed laterally rather than stacked vertically, a function of the long-term, low shelf gradient and the resulting lack of accommodation. This study integrates high-resolution geological and geophysical data sets acquired offshore and onshore with existing data onshore into a comprehensive conceptual model describing the Quaternary geologic evolution of the coastal plain and continental shelf …
Assessing The Factors That Alter Ecological Responses Of Cold, Oligotrophic Lakes To Nutrient Subsidies, Benjamin Burpee
Assessing The Factors That Alter Ecological Responses Of Cold, Oligotrophic Lakes To Nutrient Subsidies, Benjamin Burpee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Arctic and alpine areas experience rapid environmental changes that are altering nutrient delivery to lakes. I review the current state of lake ecosystem subsidization research and summarize Arctic and alpine lake subsidies, their ecological importance, and ways they are changing. I identify current knowledge gaps in Arctic and alpine lake subsidization research and highlight the importance of Arctic and alpine lakes for ecosystem subsidy research. Meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) exports sediment and nutrients to lakes, but the ecological effects of this subsidy remain unclear. To assess the effects, four glacially fed (GF) lakes that receive GrIS meltwater …
Phytoplankton Community Composition In The Surface Ocean: Methods For Detection Using Optical Measurements, Pigment Concentrations, And Flow Cytometry, Alison P. Chase
Phytoplankton Community Composition In The Surface Ocean: Methods For Detection Using Optical Measurements, Pigment Concentrations, And Flow Cytometry, Alison P. Chase
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Phytoplankton are microscopic photoautotrophs living in the surface ocean waters and help support all life on earth via photosynthetic production of oxygen. Thousands of species make up the bulk phytoplankton community, and the spatial and temporal distribution of different types of phytoplankton has relevance for many ocean ecosystem questions including marine food web dynamics, and carbon flux and sequestration. Methods to detect phytoplankton community composition (PCC) on the vast scale of the global ocean require estimates of PCC from remote platforms, namely earth-observing satellites. The use of satellite data to observe and interpret PCC in the surface ocean requires significant …
Analyzing The Effects Of Of Seasonal Land Cover And Precipitation On The Sediment Delivery Ratio Of An Agriculture Dominated Watershed., Jonah Liebman
Analyzing The Effects Of Of Seasonal Land Cover And Precipitation On The Sediment Delivery Ratio Of An Agriculture Dominated Watershed., Jonah Liebman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soil erosion is of escalating importance as increasing population and climate change have put increasing pressures on agricultural food production. Vegetation and precipitation are two factors that control the amount of soil erosion extant within a region. Sediment delivery ratios (SDRs) assess the ratio of soil eroded from a watershed system that is permanently removed from the system through stream sediment discharge. Using 1) river discharge and sediment concentration data and 2) the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), this thesis analyzes fluctuations in monthly SDRs for an average hydroclimatological crop-harvest season for the Senachwine Creek watershed, IL. Through calculating …
The Effect Of Radium Partitioning On Hydrothermal Fluid Flow Determination Across Guaymas Basin, Charlotte R. Kollman
The Effect Of Radium Partitioning On Hydrothermal Fluid Flow Determination Across Guaymas Basin, Charlotte R. Kollman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Analysis of the distribution of radium through sedimentary porewater profiles is a promising method for constraining diffuse discharge/recharge flow rates in hydrothermal settings; these parameters are critical for evaluating hydrothermal circulation and its chemical and biological implications. The short-lived 224Ra (T1/2 = 3.54 days) is an effective tracer due to its behavior in marine environments and changes in activity due to ingrowth/decay. However, the distribution of radium may be influenced by its varying solid:aqueous partitioning coefficients (Kd) and is critical to understand for any study utilizing radium as a tracer. This project explores Kd across the hydrothermally active Guaymas Basin …
Investigating Dorsal Fin Hydrodynamic Function Of The Lemon Shark, Negaprion Brevirostris, Vivian Lynn Turner
Investigating Dorsal Fin Hydrodynamic Function Of The Lemon Shark, Negaprion Brevirostris, Vivian Lynn Turner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Many sharks are considered highly efficient swimmers. Their swimming efficiency is partially governed by their morphological features such as dorsal fins, which play a role in their hydrodynamics. Most sharks feature two dorsal fins that can vary in size and location over the body. The first dorsal fin has been shown to improve stabilization, maneuverability, and increase thrust production during swimming, whilst the hydrodynamic role of the second dorsal fin is largely unknown. An understanding of the hydrodynamic function of the dorsal fins can be utilized in engineering applications, e.g., to replicate fins on underwater autonomous vehicles to increase energy …
Temporal Transport Dynamics Of The Amazon River Plume Revealed Using Radium Isotope Analysis, Elana J. Ames
Temporal Transport Dynamics Of The Amazon River Plume Revealed Using Radium Isotope Analysis, Elana J. Ames
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Amazon River is the largest river by discharge in the world. It carries terrestrial nutrients into the Western Tropical North Atlantic via a buoyant freshwater plume, conveying water hundreds to thousands of kilometers away and driving critical biogeochemical cycles near the coast. Factors controlling the delivery of nutrients offshore by the plume are complicated and interconnected, yet these nutrients impact the foundation of phytoplankton community structures across the entire plume ecosystem. To better understand the temporal dynamics of this massive, highly influential region, we employ naturally occurring radium isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra, 226Ra, and 228Ra) to analyze mixing and transport …
An Algorithm To Estimate Suspended Particulate Matter Concentrations And Associated Uncertainties From Remote Sensing Reflectance In Coastal Environments, Juliana Tavora
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) is a major constituent in coastal waters, involved in processes such as light attenuation, pollutant propagation, and waterways blockage. The spatial distribution of SPM is an indicator of deposition and erosion patterns in estuaries and coastal zones and a necessary input to estimate the material fluxes from the land through rivers to the sea. In-situ methods to estimate SPM provide limited spatial data in comparison to the coverage that can be obtained remotely. Ocean color remote sensing complements field measurements by providing estimates of the spatial distributions of surface SPM concentration in natural waters, with high …
Volcanic Impact On Stratospheric Chlorine Chemistry And Perchlorate Formation: Evidence From Ice Cores, Joshua Andrew Kennedy
Volcanic Impact On Stratospheric Chlorine Chemistry And Perchlorate Formation: Evidence From Ice Cores, Joshua Andrew Kennedy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Perchlorate, suspected to be chemically formed in both the troposphere and stratosphere, has been recently measured in Arctic snow and ice cores. These comprise both discontinuous snow and ice cores from the Canadian Arctic and a continuous record of perchlorate was compiled from an analysis of Greenland ice cores. While the background perchlorate concentration typically is very low, a few spikes in concentration coinciding with deposition of volcanic sulfate were observed in the Greenland record, suggesting that perchlorate levels in the atmosphere may be impacted by volcanic eruptions. As of yet, no work has been done to investigate the connection …