Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Agricultural Advisors As Climate Information Intermediaries: Exploring Differences In Capacity To Communicate Climate, Tonya Haigh, Lois Wright Morton, Maria Carmen Lemos, Cody Knutson, Linda Stalker Prokopy, Yun Jia Lo, Jim Angel

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Although agricultural production faces chronic stress associated with extreme precipitation events, high temperatures, drought, and shifts in climate conditions, adoption of climate information into agricultural decision making has been relatively limited. Agricultural advisors have been shown to play important roles as information intermediaries between scientists and farmers, brokering, translating, and adding value to agronomic and economic information of use in agricultural management decision making. Yet little is known about the readiness of different types of agricultural advisors to use weather and climate information to help their clients manage risk under increasing climate uncertainty. More than 1700 agricultural advisors in four …

Thermal Structure Of An Exoplanet Atmosphere From Phase-Resolved Emission Spectroscopy, Kevin B. Stevenson, Jean-Michel Désert, Michael R. Line, Jacob L. Bean, Jonathan J. Fortney, Adam P. Showman, Tiffany Kataria, Laura Kreidberg, Peter R. Mccullough, Gregory W. Henry, David Charbonneau, Adam Burrows, Sara Seager, Nikku Madhusudhan, Michael H. Williamson, Derek Homeier

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

Exoplanets that orbit close to their host stars are much more highly irradiated than their solar system counterparts. Understanding the thermal structures and appearances of these planets requires investigating how their atmospheres respond to such extreme stellar forcing. We present spectroscopic thermal emission measurements as a function of orbital phase (“phase-curve observations”) for the highly irradiated exoplanet WASP-43b spanning three full planet rotations using the Hubble Space Telescope. With these data, we construct a map of the planet’s atmospheric thermal structure, from which we find large day-night temperature variations at all measured altitudes and a monotonically decreasing temperature with pressure …

Preserving Central Ohio’S History: A Study Of Why It Must Be A Consultant To The Business, Gregory J. Syferd

Learning Showcase 2014

Columbus Metropolitan Library (CML) introduced digital images as part of its website nearly 10 years ago. The initial collection featured local artists, historical photographs, and newspaper articles. Since 2012, the collection has continued to grow to include nearly a dozen distinct repositories and hundreds of thousands of unique records. Furthermore, CML has created partnerships with local organizations to preserve Columbus’ unique and rich history.

In 2015, CML looks to further scale its digital collections. Through a grant, which provided specialized large format and a book scanner, CML will share historical photos and artifacts, many of which are generously provided by …

Molecular Approaches To Chromatography Using Single Molecule Spectroscopy, Lydia Kisley

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Vernal Pool: A Participatory Art Project About Place + Precipitation, Karen Miranda Abel, Jessica Marion Barr

The Goose

Produced by Karen Miranda Abel with Jessica Marion Barr, Vernal Pool is an immersive, elemental water installation created as a participatory, contemplative inquiry into our transitory interrelationships with water and landscape. From November 2013 to April 2014, 114 individuals across Canada and abroad gathered snow samples as a form of extrinsic artistic practice about place and precipitation. With the arrival of spring, the reservoir of melted snow was convened for four days at Toronto’s historic Gladstone Hotel to create Vernal Pool.

Artificial Intelligence And Elearning 4.0: A New Paradigm In Higher Education, Leslie J. King, Wenxia Wu

Learning Showcase 2014

John Markoff (2006, para.2) was the first to coin the phrase Web 3.0 in The New York Times in 2006, with the notion the next evolution of the web would contain a layer “that can reason in human fashion.” With the emergence of Web 3.0 technology and the promise of impact on higher education, Web 3.0 will usher in a new age of artificial intelligence by increasing access to a global database of intelligence. Bill Mark, former VP of Siri note, “We’re moving to a world where the technology does a better job of understanding higher level intent and completes …

Self-Assembly And Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Of A Bifunctional Carbonate–Stilbene Macrocycle, Yuewen Xu, Weiwei L. Xu, Mark D. Smith, Linda S. Shimizu

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Modification Of A Single-Molecule Afm Probe With Highly Defined Surface Functionality, Fei Long, Bin Cao, Ashok Khanal, Shiyue Fang, Reza Shahbazian-Yassar

Michigan Tech Publications

Single-molecule force spectroscopy with an atomic force microscope has been widely used to study inter- and intramolecular interactions. To obtain data consistent with single molecular events, a well-defined method is critical to limit the number of molecules at the apex of an AFM probe to one or to a few. In this paper, we demonstrate an easy method for single-molecule probe modification by using the Cu-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction. Excess terminal alkynes were covalently attached to the probe, and a bi-functional molecule containing an azide at one end and a carboxylic acid at the other was dissolved in the reaction …

Characterization And Modeling Of Nonlinear Dark Current In Digital Imagers, Justin Charles Dunlap

Dissertations and Theses

Dark current is an unwanted source of noise in images produced by digital imagers, the de facto standard of imaging. The two most common types of digital imager architectures, Charged-Coupled Devices (CCDs) and Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS), are both prone to this noise source. To accurately reflect the information from light signals this noise must be removed. This practice is especially vital for scientific purposes such as in astronomical observations.

Presented in this dissertation are characterizations of dark current sources that present complications to the traditional methods of correction. In particular, it is observed that pixels in both CCDs and CMOS …

Small Quantum Dots Conjugated To Nanobodies As Immunofluorescence Probes For Nanometric Microscopy, Yong Wang, En Cai, Tobias Rosenkranz, Pinghua Ge, Kai Wen Teng, Sung Jun Lim, Andrew M. Smith, Hee Jung Chung, Frederick Sachs, William N. Green, Philip Gottlieb, Paul R. Selvin

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Immunofluorescence, a powerful technique to detect specific targets using fluorescently labeled antibodies, has been widely used in both scientific research and clinical diagnostics. The probes should be made with small antibodies and high brightness. We conjugated GFP binding protein (GBP) nanobodies, small single-chain antibodies from llamas, with new ∼7 nm quantum dots. These provide simple and versatile immunofluorescence nanoprobes with nanometer accuracy and resolution. Using the new probes we tracked the walking of individual kinesin motors and measured their 8 nm step sizes; we tracked Piezo1 channels, which are eukaryotic mechanosensitive channels; we also tracked AMPA receptors on living neurons. …

The Power Of Principled Bayesian Methods In The Study Of Stellar Evolution, Ted Von Hippel, David Van Dyk, David Stenning, Elliot Robinson, Elizabeth Jeffery, Nathan Stein, William Jefferys, Erin M. O'Malley

Publications

It takes years of effort employing the best telescopes and in- struments to obtain high-quality stellar photometry, astrometry, and spectroscopy. Stellar evolution models contain the experience of life- times of theoretical calculations and testing. Yet most astronomers fit these valuable models to these precious datasets by eye. We show that a principled Bayesian approach to fitting models to stellar data yields substantially more information over a range of stellar astrophysics. We highlight advances in determining the ages of star clusters, mass ratios of binary stars, limitations in the accuracy of stellar models, post-main-sequence mass loss, and the ages of individual …

Bayesian Analysis For Stellar Evolution With Nine Parameters (Base-9): User's Manual, Ted Von Hippel, Elliot Robinson, Elizabeth Jeffery, Rachel Wagner-Kaiser, Steven Degennaro, Nathan Stein, David Stenning, William H. Jefferys, David Van Dyk

Publications

BASE-9 is a Bayesian software suite that recovers star cluster and stellar parameters from photometry. BASE-9 is useful for analyzing single-age, single-metallicity star clusters, binaries, or single stars, and for simulating such systems. BASE-9 uses Markov chain Monte Carlo and brute-force numerical integration techniques to estimate the posterior probability distributions for the age, metallicity, helium abundance, distance modulus, and line-of-sight absorption for a cluster, and the mass, binary mass ratio, and cluster membership probability for every stellar object. BASE-9 is provided as open source code on a version-controlled web server. The executables are also available as Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud …

Modulation Of The Cardiac Calcium Release Channel By Homocysteine Thiolactone, Laura Jean Owen

Dissertations and Theses

Elevated levels in blood serum (≥10μmol/L) of the amino acid homocysteine is strongly correlated with the incidence of heart failure (HF). We present evidence that the cyclic thioester, homocysteine thiolactone (HTL), a metabolic product of homocysteine, irreversibly modifies proteins that regulate the contractile process in cardiac muscle. Two proteins found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the Ca²⁺ pump (SERCA2), and the ryanodine receptor (RyR2), are responsible for controlling the cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration and hence the contractile state of the heart. While both improper Ca²⁺ handling and elevated homocysteine levels have been considered bio-markers in HF, a direct …

The Santa Clara, 2014-11-13, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

Personalized Evaluation Of Biomarker Value: A Cost-Benefit Perspective, Ying Huang, Eric Laber

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

For a patient who is facing a treatment decision, the added value of information provided by a biomarker depends on the individual patient’s expected response to treatment with and without the biomarker, as well as his/her tolerance of disease and treatment harm. However, individualized estimators of the value of a biomarker are lacking. We propose a new graphical tool named the subject-specific expected benefit curve for quantifying the personalized value of a biomarker in aiding a treatment decision. We develop semiparametric estimators for two general settings: i) when biomarker data are available from a randomized trial; and ii) when biomarker …

Association Of Weekly Suicide Rates With Temperature Anomalies In Two Different Climate Types, Paul Grady Dixon Ph.D., Mark Sinyor, Ayal Schaffer, Anthony Levitt, Christa R. Haney, Kelsey N. Ellis, Scott C. Sheridan

Geosciences Faculty Publications

Annual suicide deaths outnumber the total deaths from homicide and war combined. Suicide is a complex behavioral endpoint, and a simple cause-and-effect model seems highly unlikely, but relationships with weather could yield important insight into the biopsychosocial mechanisms involved in suicide deaths. This study has been designed to test for a relationship between air temperature and suicide frequency that is consistent enough to offer some predictive abilities. Weekly suicide death totals and anomalies from Toronto, Ontario, Canada (1986-2009) and Jackson, Mississippi, USA (1980-2006) are analyzed for relationships by using temperature anomaly data and a distributed lag nonlinear model. For both …

Scaling The Isam Land Surface Model Through Parallelization Of Inter-Component Data Transfer, Phil Miller, Michael Robson, Bassil El-Masri, Rahul Barman, Gengbin Zheng, Atul Jain, Laxmikant Kalé

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

We present the progression of developments necessary to scale the ISAM landsurface model from single nodes and small clusters with unusually largeper-node memory to much larger systems with more common configurations. These efforts include load balancing, conventional library-based output parallelization to reduce memory load, and parallel-in-time data input. OnHopper, a Cray XE6 machine, the result was strong scaling from 256 cores to 16k coreswith an efficiency of 32.9%. On Edison, a Cray XC30 machine, thecode strong scales from 256 cores to 16k coreswith an efficiency of 51.4%. These large-scale gains, and the associated performance increases at smaller scale, enable greater …

Investigations Of Potential Microbial Methanogenic And Carbon Monoxide Utilization Pathways In Ultra-Basic Reducing Springs Associated With Present-Day Continental Serpentinization: The Tablelands, Nl, Can, P. L. Morrill, W. J. Brazelton, L. Kohl, A. Rietze, S. M. Miles, H. Kavanagh, M. O. Schrenk, S. E. Ziegler, Susan Q. Lang

Faculty Publications

Ultra-basic reducing springs at continental sites of serpentinization act as portals into the biogeochemistry of a subsurface environment with H2 and CH4 present. Very little, however, is known about the carbon substrate utilization, energy sources, and metabolic pathways of the microorganisms that live in this ultra-basic environment. The potential for microbial methanogenesis with bicarbonate, formate, acetate, and propionate precursors and carbon monoxide (CO) utilization pathways were tested in laboratory experiments by adding substrates to water and sediment from the Tablelands, NL, CAD, a site of present-day continental serpentinization. Microbial methanogenesis was not observed after bicarbonate, formate, acetate, or propionate addition. …

Marginal Coral Populations: The Densest Known Aggregation Of Pocillopora In The Galápagos Archipelago Is Of Asexual Origin, Iliana B. Baums, Meghann Devlin-Durante, Beatrice A. A. Laing, Joshua S. Feingold, Tyler B. Smith, Andrew Bruckner, Joao Monteiro

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Coral populations at distributional margins frequently experience suboptimal and variable conditions. Recurrent El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warming events have caused extensive mortality of reef-building corals in the Eastern Pacific, and particularly impacted branching pocilloporid corals in the Galápagos Islands. Pocillopora spp. were previously more common and formed incipient reefs at several locations in the archipelago but now occur as scattered colonies. Here, we report an unusually concentrated aggregation of colonies and evaluate their current genetic diversity. In particular we focus on a large population of 1614 live Pocillopora colonies found in a volcanic lagoon along the southern shore of Isabela …

Information System Security Commitment: A Study Of External Influences On Senior Management, Kevin Andrew Barton

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation investigated how senior management is motivated to commit to information system security (ISS). Research shows senior management participation is critical to successful ISS, but has not explained how senior managers are motivated to participate in ISS. Information systems research shows pressures external to the organization have greater influence on senior managers than internal pressures. However, research has not fully examined how external pressures motivate senior management participation in ISS. This study addressed that gap by examining how external pressures motivate senior management participation in ISS through the lens of neo-institutional theory. The research design was survey research. Data …

Serving Military Families: Perceptions Of Educational Counseling In A Virtual Environment, Taryn Stevenson

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

The advances in communication technology over the past 20 years have significant implications for the delivery of psycho-educational therapeutic services to populations that have been historically underserved due to remote locations lacking trained providers. One such population is military families, who also suffer from a negative stigma of asking for outside help or education for personal growth. This population also faces increasing mental health needs due to military deployment in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). These operations have increased the number of returning service members who have been physically and mentally injured. The effect that these …

Measuring The Shock-Heating Rate In The Winds Of O Stars Using X-Ray Line Spectra, David H. Cohen, Zequn Li , '16, K. G. Gayley, S. P. Owocki, J. O. Sundqvist, V. Petit, M. A. Leutenegger

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

We present a new method for using measured X-ray emission line fluxes from O stars to determine the shock-heating rate due to instabilities in their radiation-driven winds. The high densities of these winds means that their embedded shocks quickly cool by local radiative emission, while cooling by expansion should be negligible. Ignoring for simplicity any non-radiative mixing or conductive cooling, the method presented here exploits the idea that the cooling post-shock plasma systematically passes through the temperature characteristic of distinct emission lines in the X-ray spectrum. In this way, the observed flux distribution among these X-ray lines can be used …

U.S. Drought Monitor, November 11, 2014, Matthew Rosencrans

United States Agricultural Commodities in Drought Archive

Drought map of U.S. for November 11, 2014 (11/11/14) plus: U.S. crop areas experiencing drought (map), Approximate percentage of crop located in drought, by state (bar graph), Percent of crop area located in drought, past 52 weeks (line graph) for: Corn, Soybeans, Hay, Cattle, Winter wheat.

Facile Electrochemical Synthesis Of Antimicrobial Tio2 Nanotube Arrays, Yu Zhao, Qi Xing, Jagadeesh Janjanam, Kun He, Fei Long, Ke-Bin Low, Ashutosh Tiwari, Feng Zhao, Reza Shahbazian-Yassar, Tolou Shokuhfar

Department of Chemistry Publications

Infection-related complications have been a critical issue for the application of titanium orthopedic implants. The use of Ag nanoparticles offers a potential approach to incorporate antimicrobial properties into the titanium implants. In this work, a novel and simple method was developed for synthesis of Ag (II) oxide deposited TiO₂ nanotubes (TiNTs) using electrochemical anodization followed by Ag electroplating processes in the same electrolyte. The quantities of AgO nanoparticles deposited in TiNT were controlled by selecting different electroplating times and voltages. It was shown that AgO nanoparticles were crystalline and distributed throughout the length of the nanotubes. Inductively coupled plasma …

Cosm News, Georgia Southern University

College of Science & Mathematics: News & Publications (2012-2022)

• COSM Faculty Appointed to CSIS

Light Transport In Pt-Invariant Photonic Structures With Hidden Symmetries, M. H. Teimourpour, Ramy El-Ganainy, A. Eisfeld, A. Szameit, Demetrios N. Christodoulides

Department of Physics Publications

We introduce a recursive bosonic quantization technique for generating classical PT photonic structures that possess hidden symmetries and higher order exceptional points. We study light transport in these geometries and we demonstrate that perfect state transfer is possible only for certain initial conditions. Moreover, we show that for the same propagation direction, left and right coherent transports are not symmetric with field amplitudes following two different trajectories. A general scheme for identifying the conservation laws in such PT-symmetric photonic networks is also presented.

The Optical Luminosity Function Of Gamma-Ray Bursts Deduced From Rotse-Iii Observations, X. H. Cui, X. F. Wu, J. J. Wei, F. Yuan, W. K. Zheng, E. W. Liang, C. W. Akerlof, M. C. B. Ashley, H A. Flewelling, E. Göǧüş, T. Güver, Ü. Kızıloǧlu, T. A. Mckay, S. B. Pandey, E. S. Rykoff, W. Rujopakarn, B. E. Schaefer, J. C. Wheeler, Sarah A. Yost

Physics Faculty Publications

We present the optical luminosity function (LF) of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) estimated from a uniform sample of 58 GRBs from observations with the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment III (ROTSE-III). Our GRB sample is divided into two sub-samples: detected afterglows (18 GRBs) and those with upper limits (40 GRBs). We derive R-band fluxes for these two sub-samples 100 s after the onset of the burst. The optical LFs at 100 s are fitted by assuming that the co-moving GRB rate traces the star formation rate. While fitting the optical LFs using Monte Carlo simulations, we take into account the …

A Method To Reduce The Cost Of Resilience Benchmarking Of Selfadaptive Systems, Steve Hernandez

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

Ensuring the resilience of self-adaptive systems used in critical infrastructure systems is a concern as their failure has severe societal and financial consequences. The current trends in the growth of the scale and complexity of society's workload demands and the systems built to cope with these demands increases the anxiety surrounding service disruptions. Self-adaptive mechanisms instill dynamic behavior to systems in an effort to improve their resilience to runtime changes that would otherwise result in service disruption or failure, such as faults, errors, and attacks. Thus, the evaluation of a self-adaptive system's resilience is critical to ensure expected operational qualities …

Triad-Based Role Discovery For Large Social Systems, Derek Doran

Kno.e.sis Publications

The social role of a participant in a social system conceptualizes the circumstances under which she chooses to interact with others, making their discovery and analysis important for theoretical and practical purposes. In this paper, we propose a methodology to detect such roles by utilizing the conditional triad censuses of ego-networks. These censuses are a promising tool for social role extraction because they capture the degree to which basic social forces push upon a user to interact with others in a system. Clusters of triad censuses, inferred from network samples that preserve local structural properties, define the social roles. The …

Identifying Genetic Variants For Heart Rate Variability In The Acetylcholine Pathway, Harriëtte Riese, Loretto M. Muñoz, Catharina A. Hartman, Xiuhua Ding, Shaoyong Su, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Arie M. Van Roon, Peter J. Van Der Most, Joop Lefrandt, Ron T. Gansevoort, Pim Van Der Harst, Niek Verweij, Carmilla M. M. Licht, Dorret I. Boomsma, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Gonneke Willemsen, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Ilja M. Nolte, Eco J. C. De Geus, Xiaoling Wang, Harold Snieder

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Heart rate variability is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The acetylcholine pathway plays a key role in explaining heart rate variability in humans. We assessed whether 443 genotyped and imputed common genetic variants in eight key genes (CHAT, SLC18A3, SLC5A7, CHRNB4, CHRNA3, CHRNA, CHRM2 and ACHE) of the acetylcholine pathway were associated with variation in an established measure of heart rate variability reflecting parasympathetic control of the heart rhythm, the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) of normal RR intervals. The association was studied in a …