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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Electrical Detection Of Mechanical Resonance In Nanotubes And Semiconducting Nanowires, Doyl Dickel
Electrical Detection Of Mechanical Resonance In Nanotubes And Semiconducting Nanowires, Doyl Dickel
All Dissertations
In recent years, there has been substantial interest in the development of microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and even nanoelectro-mechanical systems (NEMS) for use in a wide variety of applications both as experimental tools (refs) and in a continuing effort to decrease the size and cost and increase the efficiency of electrical components. In particular, cantilevered nanometer beams have been a recent focus due to a number of interesting properties, including enhanced field emission, high tensile strength, and piezoelectric properties. The ability to accurately determine the electrical and mechanical properties of these cantilevers is paramount in assessing their feasibility as MEMS and …
Mechanical And Modular Verification Condition Generation For Object-Based Software, Heather Harton
Mechanical And Modular Verification Condition Generation For Object-Based Software, Heather Harton
All Dissertations
The foundational goal of this work is the development of mechanizable proof rules and a verification condition generator based on those rules for modern software. The verification system will be modular so that it is possible to verify the implementation of a component relying upon only the specifications of underlying components that are reused. The system must enable full behavioral verification. The proof rules used to generate verification conditions (VCs) of correctness must be amenable to automation. While automation requires software developers to annotate implementations with assertions, it should not require assistance in the proofs. This research has led to …
The Design & Implementation Of An Abstract Semantic Graph For Statement-Level Dynamic Analysis Of C++ Applications, Edward Duffy
The Design & Implementation Of An Abstract Semantic Graph For Statement-Level Dynamic Analysis Of C++ Applications, Edward Duffy
All Dissertations
In this thesis, we describe our system, Hylian, for statement-level analysis,
both static and dynamic, of a C++ application. We begin by extending the
GNU gcc parser to generate parse trees in XML format for each of the
compilation units in a C++ application. We then provide verification that the
generated parse trees are structurally equivalent to the code in the
original C++
application. We use the generated parse trees, together with an augmented
version of the gcc test suite, to recover a grammar for the C++ dialect that
we parse. We use the recovered grammar to generate a schema …
The Toxicity Of Carbon Nanotubes To Daphnia Magna, Aaron Edgington
The Toxicity Of Carbon Nanotubes To Daphnia Magna, Aaron Edgington
All Dissertations
A particle is classified as nano in size if it has at least one dimension less than 100 nm which gives them chemical and physical characteristics that are different from the bulk material. Over the last twenty years nanotechnology has exploded as an industry. It has been estimated that there are 1000 consumer products on the market today that contain nanomaterials and 2 million jobs worldwide will be devoted directly to nanotechnology research, development, and product manufacturing by 2015. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be visualized as sheets of graphene rolled into a cylinder. Carbon nanotubes small diameter (nanometer scale) and …
Time-Interval Analysis For Radiation Monitoring, Peng Luo
Time-Interval Analysis For Radiation Monitoring, Peng Luo
All Dissertations
On-line radiation monitoring is essential to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Management Science Program for assessing the impact of contaminated media at DOE sites. The goal of on-line radiation monitoring is to quickly detect small or abrupt changes in activity levels in the presence of a significant ambient background. The focus of this research is on developing effective statistical algorithms to meet the goal of on-line monitoring based on time-interval (time-difference between two consecutive radiation pulses) data. Compared to the more commonly used count data which are registered in a fixed count time, time-interval data possess the potential …
Electrolyte Incorporation Into Composite Electrodes For Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells And Lithium-Ion Batteries, Jung Oh
All Dissertations
This dissertation describes research on the preparation and characterization of composite electrodes for use in proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and lithium ion batteries. The general focus of the research was on high-surface-area carbon supports for platinum catalysts in fuel cells, and integration of electrolytes, particularly fluoropolymer electrolytes, into composite electrodes both batteries and fuel cells. Results are described for work in the following three specific topical areas.
1. Carbon nanofibers for use as platinum (Pt) catalyst supports in fuel cells were prepared by carbonization of electrospun acrylic fibers. The resulting carbon nanofibers were found to contain mainly micropores. Following …
Single Particle And Ensemble Spectroscopy Of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles And Their Development For Photodynamic Therapy, Jennifer Grimland
Single Particle And Ensemble Spectroscopy Of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles And Their Development For Photodynamic Therapy, Jennifer Grimland
All Dissertations
Energy transport in conjugated polymers is the combination of energy transfer and exciton diffusion. There is considerable ongoing research in this field, converging to develop better organic photovoltaics, polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) and organic solar cells, to name a few. One way these phenomena can be explored is by doing solution dependent studies on conjugated polymer nanoparticles. With experiments on CP dots in an aqueous solution and the addition of a water miscible organic solvent in varying concentrations, dynamics occurring in the folding process can be better understood, and also exciton and fluorescence quenching properties can be extracted as …
Bases And Applications Of Riemann-Roch Spaces Of Function Fields With Many Rational Places, Justin Peachey
Bases And Applications Of Riemann-Roch Spaces Of Function Fields With Many Rational Places, Justin Peachey
All Dissertations
Algebraic geometry codes are generalizations of Reed-Solomon codes, which are implemented in nearly all digital communication devices. In ground-breaking work, Tsfasman, Vladut, and Zink showed the existence of a sequence of algebraic geometry codes that exceed the Gilbert-Varshamov bound, which was previously thought unbeatable. More recently, it has been shown that multipoint algebraic geometry codes can outperform comparable one-point algebraic geometry codes. In both cases, it is desirable that these function fields have many rational places. The prototypical example of such a function field is the Hermitian function field which is maximal. In 2003, Geil produced a new family of …
Modification And Characterization Of Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles For Single Molecule Detection, Yueli Zheng
Modification And Characterization Of Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles For Single Molecule Detection, Yueli Zheng
All Dissertations
Single molecule tracking using fluorescent dye or nanoparticle labels has emerged as a useful technique for probing biomolecular processes. Considerable interest arises in the development of nanoparticle labels with brighter fluorescence in order to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of single molecule detection and to facilitate the application of single molecule detection methods to a wider range of intracellular processes. The McNeill laboratory recently reported that conjugated polymer nanoparticles exhibit fluorescence cross-sections roughly 10-100 times higher than other luminescent nanoparticles of similar size, excellent photostability (2.2×108 photons emitted per nanoparticle prior to photobleaching), and saturated emission rates roughly 100 …
Fractal Jackson Networks, Mahmoud Rezaei
Fractal Jackson Networks, Mahmoud Rezaei
All Dissertations
In this dissertation, Gaussian random measures that arise as limits of Jackson networks. The support of the random measure is a fractal having Hausdorff dimension delta . The variance measure is the Hausdorff measure also of dimension delta.
Semifluorinated Aromatic Ether Polymers Segmented With Polyethylene Glycol (Peg), Dakarai Brown
Semifluorinated Aromatic Ether Polymers Segmented With Polyethylene Glycol (Peg), Dakarai Brown
All Dissertations
Aromatic trifluorovinyl ether (TFVE) monomers are the precursors for perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymers and fluoroethylene/vinylene alkyl/aryl ether (FAE) polymers. PFCB aryl ether polymers are prepared by 2π + 2π cycloaddition of aromatic TFVE monomers. FAE polymers are prepared by nucleophilic addition of dual functional aryl or alkyl alcohols to aryl TFVE monomers. PFCB aryl ether and FAE polymers are amorphous, have excellent processability, high thermal stability, optical clarity, and tunability using a variety of (co)monomers. In this dissertation several novel monomers, polymers, and blends were prepared by incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PEG precursors.
Chapter 1 contains the …
Effects Of Surface States, Defects And Dopants On The Optical And Magnetic Properties Of Low-Dimensional Materials, Ramakrishna Podila
Effects Of Surface States, Defects And Dopants On The Optical And Magnetic Properties Of Low-Dimensional Materials, Ramakrishna Podila
All Dissertations
Nanomaterials have attracted the attention of researchers from various fields due to their unique features (that are otherwise absent in the bulk) such as quantum confinement, high surface to volume ratio, ability for surface modification etc. Since the discovery of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, several synthesis techniques have been developed for nanomaterial growth. However, different control parameters in different synthesis techniques often result in nanostructures with varying defects that may alter their fundamental behavior. Such defects or disorder in the crystal lattice can lead to the disruption of lattice symmetry. The defect-induced symmetry lowering (or breaking) effects play a vital …
A Theoretical Investigation Examining Dna Conformational Changes And Their Effects On Glycosylase Function, Allyn Brice
A Theoretical Investigation Examining Dna Conformational Changes And Their Effects On Glycosylase Function, Allyn Brice
All Dissertations
Glycosylase enzymes initiate the process of base excision repair (BER) in order to prevent the irreversible modification of the genome. In the BER process a damaged DNA base is recognized, removed from the DNA sequence, and then the remaining abasic site is repaired. Glycosylase enzymes are responsible for the base recognition mechanism and catalysis of the base excision. One of the most studied glycosylase superfamilies is uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG). The UDG superfamily has demonstrated specificity for excising uracil, which is the deamination product of cytosine, from DNA sequences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Mismatch-specific uracil DNA glycosylase (MUG) is a …
Biological And Ecological Responses To Carbon-Based Nanomaterials, Tatsiana Ratnikova
Biological And Ecological Responses To Carbon-Based Nanomaterials, Tatsiana Ratnikova
All Dissertations
Nanotechnology has been undergoing tremendous development in recent decades, driven by realized perceived applications of nanomaterials in electronics, therapeutics, imaging, sensing, environmental remediation, and consumer products. Along with these developments there have been increased evidences that engineered nanomaterials are often associated with hazardous effects they invoke in biological and ecosystems through intentional designs or unintentional discharge. Consequently there is a crucial need for documenting and understanding the interactions between nanoparticles and biological and ecosystems. This dissertation is aimed at bridging such a knowledge gap by examining the biological and ecological responses to carbon nanoparticles, a major class of nanomaterials which …
Bridging The Gap Between Structures And Properties: An Investigation And Evaluation Of Students' Representational Competence, Sonia Underwood
Bridging The Gap Between Structures And Properties: An Investigation And Evaluation Of Students' Representational Competence, Sonia Underwood
All Dissertations
The heart of learning chemistry is the ability to connect a compound's structure to its function; Lewis structures provide an essential link in this process. In many cases, their construction is taught using an algorithmic approach, containing a set of step-by-step rules. We believe that this approach is in direct conflict with the precepts of meaningful learning. From a sequential, mixed methods study, we found that students have much difficulty constructing these structures and that the step-by-step rules do not make use of students' relevant prior knowledge. This causes students to develop 'home grown' rules when unsure of how to …
Pseudocodewords Of Parity-Check Codes, Wittawat Kositwattanarerk
Pseudocodewords Of Parity-Check Codes, Wittawat Kositwattanarerk
All Dissertations
The success of modern algorithms for the decoding problem such as message-passing iterative decoding and linear programming decoding lies in their local nature. This feature allows the algorithms to be extremely fast and capable of correcting more errors than guaranteed by the classical minimum distance of the code. Nonetheless, the performance of these decoders depends crucially on the Tanner graph representation of the code. In order to understand this choice of representation, we need to analyze the pseudocodewords of the Tanner graph of a code. These pseudocodewords are outputs of local decoding algorithms which may not be legitimate codewords. In …
Inference In Reversible Markov Chains, Tara Steuber
Inference In Reversible Markov Chains, Tara Steuber
All Dissertations
This dissertation describes the research that we have done concerning
reversible Markov chains. We first present definitions for what it means
for a Markov chain to be reversible. We then give applications of where
reversible Markov chains are used and give a brief history of Markov chain
inference. Finally, two journal articles are found in the paper, one that
is already published and another which is currently being submitted.
The first article examines estimation of the one-step-ahead
transition probabilities in a reversible Markov chain on a countable state
space. A symmetrized moment estimator is proposed that exploits the
reversible structure. …
Downstream Resource Allocation In Docsis 3.0 Channel Bonded Networks, Scott Moser
Downstream Resource Allocation In Docsis 3.0 Channel Bonded Networks, Scott Moser
All Dissertations
Modern broadband internet access cable systems follow the Data Over Cable System Interface Specification (DOCSIS) for data transfer between the individual cable modem (CM) and the Internet. The newest version of DOCSIS, version 3.0, provides an abstraction referred to as bonding groups to help manage bandwidth and to increase bandwidth to each user beyond that available within a single 6MHz. television channel. Channel bonding allows more than one channel to be used by a CM to provide a virtual channel of much greater bandwidth. This combining of channels into bonding groups, especially when channels overlap between more than one bonding …
Conjugated Polymers And Inter-Chromophore Interactions: Synthesis, Photophysical Characterization And Application, Anshuman Mangalum
Conjugated Polymers And Inter-Chromophore Interactions: Synthesis, Photophysical Characterization And Application, Anshuman Mangalum
All Dissertations
Ever since the discovery of conducting polymers (CPs)in the late 1970s, organic conjugated materials and polymers is one of the most popular and fascinating research area among the scientists due to the remarkably unique properties and broad range of applications of (CPs), notably organic photovoltaic (OPVs), organic or polymer based light emitting devices (OLEDs / PLEDs), field effect transistors (FETs), nonlinear optical (NLO) devices and sensor for biologically relevant analytes, metal ions and anions. Optical properties of these materials depend on intra / interchromophoric interaction, geometry and relative orientation in space. Detailed study of such materials can also help us …
Particle Beam Glow Discharge Spectroscopy As A Tool For Speciation And Metallomics Analysis, Charles Quarles Jr
Particle Beam Glow Discharge Spectroscopy As A Tool For Speciation And Metallomics Analysis, Charles Quarles Jr
All Dissertations
Metallomics is a growing field of interdisciplinary research that investigates metals in biological and environmental systems. One of the major problems in detecting metals in biological systems is the instrumentation required to analyze these complex biological samples. Typically, an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer or -mass spectrometer (ICP - OES or - MS) is used for elemental analysis and an electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) is used for molecular information. In almost all cases, the sample introduction matrix is different for each instrument, which can affect the physiological conditions of the sample and change its properties. Particle beam/hollow cathode-optical emission spectroscopy …
Transport Phenomena In Semiconductor Superlattices, Florin Lung
Transport Phenomena In Semiconductor Superlattices, Florin Lung
All Dissertations
In this work we discuss two different manifestations of electronic transport phenomena in semiconductor superlattices.
In the first problem, we analyze recent experimental data of measurements of the Seebeck coefficient in InAlAs superlattices doped with ErAs nano-particles. Inspired by the known fact that a Schottky barrier develops at the ErAs-semiconductor interface, we formulate a phenomenological transport theory that explicitly considers the energy-dependent scattering on this barrier and determine its consequences on the transport properties. We show that in the miniband conduction regime, nano-particles can realize a filtering effect by increasing the scattering rates of the slow-moving carriers leading to an …
Synthesis, Characterization, And Reactivity Of Biologically Relevant Copper(I) Selone And Thione Complexes, Martin Kimani
Synthesis, Characterization, And Reactivity Of Biologically Relevant Copper(I) Selone And Thione Complexes, Martin Kimani
All Dissertations
In Fenton-like reactions, Cu+ localized on DNA reduces hydrogen peroxide to form hydroxyl radical (*OH), resulting in oxidative DNA damage. This DNA damage causes mutation and cell death, which can lead to diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, and arteriosclerosis. Sulfur and selenium antioxidants have been investigated for the prevention and treatment of these diseases, and studies have shown that sulfur- and selenium-containing antioxidants prevent DNA damage from copper-generated hydroxyl radical and that metal coordination is required for the observed antioxidant activity.
To determine how copper coordination results in DNA damage inhibition, Cu+ complexes with selone and thione ligands were synthesized …
Biodiesel Production Using Chemical And Enzymatic Catalysts And Improvement Of Cold Flow Properties Using Additives, Hem Joshi
All Dissertations
Biodiesel production was carried out from soybean, canola and cottonseed oils along with poultry fat using catalytic potassium hydroxide. Further, the physical properties of biodiesel were studied with addition of ethyl levulinate (ethyl 4-oxopentanoate), short-chain alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol and butanol), and commercial cold flow improver (CFI) additives. The effects of adding ethyl levulinate, short-chain alcohols, and commercial additives were determined by studying their influence on the acid value (AV), cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), induction period (IP), kinematic viscosity (KV) and the flash point (FP). The results showed improved low temperature properties of the …
Targeting A-Form Nucleic Acids: A Neomycin Based Approach, Nicholas Shaw
Targeting A-Form Nucleic Acids: A Neomycin Based Approach, Nicholas Shaw
All Dissertations
This manuscript reflects our most recent advancements in the recognition of nucleic acids. Chapter one focuses on previously established methods in nucleic acid recognition. Nucleic acid targeting by small molecules affords a unique way to potentially inhibit biological functions, which is different from targeting enzyme and protein bio-macromolecules. We seek to further develop an aminoglycoside approach to targeting nucleic acids. Since aminoglycosides were first introduced, over 60 years ago, as treatment for tuberculosis, natural product discovery and demands for therapeutically more effective aminoglycosides, with lowered toxicity, have dominated the landscape of aminoglycoside research. More recently, our group has established neomycin …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Extended Solids Containing Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxide Lattices, Matthew Williams
Synthesis And Characterization Of Extended Solids Containing Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxide Lattices, Matthew Williams
All Dissertations
In this research, focus has been placed on the study of magnetic anomalies due to geometric frustration of magnetic ions. The goal of the study presented in this dissertation was to synthesize pseudo&ndashlow&ndashdimensional (PLD) compounds, those structures showing zero (dot), one (chain), and two (sheet) dimensional lattices observed in extended (3D) host frameworks with enhanced anisotropic physical properties, in an attempt to elucidate some structure&ndashproperty correlations arising from magnetic spin confinement. The scope of this research involved 1) exploratory synthesis of novel, low&ndashdimensional transition metal oxide lattices, specifically Mn and V, embedded in non&ndashmagnetic oxyanion frameworks, either Ge, P, or …
Measurements Of Mass Accretion Rates In Herbig Ae/Be Stars, Brian Donehew
Measurements Of Mass Accretion Rates In Herbig Ae/Be Stars, Brian Donehew
All Dissertations
Herbig Ae/Be stars(HAeBes) are young stellar objects of spectral class F2 through B0, with the central star often surrounded by a circumstellar disk of gas and dust. They are the higher mass analogs to T Tauri stars. The interaction between the star and the disk is not well understood, nor is the disk structure. The central star will often accrete mass from the disk, and the mass accretion rate is an important parameter for modeling the disk structure and evolution. The methods for measuring mass accretion rates of T Tauri stars are generally not applicable to HAeBe stars. As such, …
Nonparametric Methods In Varying Coefficient Models And Quantile Regression Models, Chinthaka Kuruwita
Nonparametric Methods In Varying Coefficient Models And Quantile Regression Models, Chinthaka Kuruwita
All Dissertations
This dissertation aims to address two problems in nonparametric regression models. An estimation issue in generalized varying coefficient models and a hypothesis testing issue in nonparametric quantile regression models is discussed.
We propose a new estimation method for generalized varying coefficient models where the link function is specified up to some smoothness conditions. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimated varying coefficient functions are established. Simulation results and a real data application demonstrate the usefulness of the new method.
A new approach for testing the equality of nonparametric quantile regression functions is also presented. Based on marked empirical processes, we …
Automated, Parallel Optimization Algorithms For Stochastic Functions, Dheeraj Chahal
Automated, Parallel Optimization Algorithms For Stochastic Functions, Dheeraj Chahal
All Dissertations
The optimization algorithms for stochastic functions are desired specifically for real-world and simulation applications where results are obtained from sampling, and contain experimental error or random noise. We have developed a series of stochastic optimization algorithms based on the well-known classical down hill simplex algorithm. Our parallel implementation of these optimization algorithms, using a framework called MW, is based on a master-worker architecture where each worker runs a massively parallel program. This parallel implementation allows the sampling to proceed independently on many processors as demonstrated by scaling up to more than 100 vertices and 300 cores.
This framework is highly …
New Algorithms For Computing Groebner Bases, Frank Volny
New Algorithms For Computing Groebner Bases, Frank Volny
All Dissertations
In this thesis, we present new algorithms for computing Groebner bases. The first algorithm, G2V, is incremental in the same fashion as F5 and F5C. At a typical step, one is given a Groebner basis G for an ideal I and any polynomial g, and it is desired to compute a Groebner basis for the new ideal , obtained from I by joining g. Let (I : g) denote the colon ideal of I divided by g. Our algorithm computes Groebner bases for I, g and (I : g) simultaneously. In previous algorithms, S-polynomials that reduce to zero are useless, …
Biologically Relevant Classes Of Boolean Functions, Lori Layne
Biologically Relevant Classes Of Boolean Functions, Lori Layne
All Dissertations
A large influx of experimental data has prompted the development of
innovative computational techniques for modeling and reverse
engineering biological networks. While finite dynamical systems,
in particular Boolean networks, have gained attention as relevant
models of network dynamics, not all Boolean functions reflect the
behaviors of real biological systems. In this work, we focus on two
classes of Boolean functions and study their applicability as
biologically relevant network models: the nested and partially nested
canalyzing functions.
We begin by analyzing the nested canalyzing functions} (NCFs),
which have been proposed as gene regulatory network models due to
their stability properties. We …