Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Aims & Scope

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

No abstract provided.

Sibling Recurrence Risk Ratio Analysis Of The Metabolic Syndrome And Its Components Over Time., Wei J. Chen, Pi Hua Liu, Yen Yi Ho, Kuo Liong Chien, Min Tzu Lo, Wei Liang Shih, Yu Chun Yen, Wen Chung Lee

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to estimate both cross-sectional sibling recurrence risk ratio (lambdas) and lifetime lambdas for the metabolic syndrome and its individual components over time among sibships in the prospectively followed-up cohorts provided by the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13. Five measures included in the operational criteria of the metabolic syndrome by the Adult Treatment Panel III were examined. A method for estimating sibling recurrence risk with correction for complete ascertainment was used to estimate the numerator, and the prevalence in the whole cohort was used as the denominator of lambdas. Considerable variability in the lambdas was found …

Agent Based Intrusion Detection And Response System For Wireless Lans, Mohan K Chirumamilla, Byrav Ramamurthy

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

Wireless LAN technology, despite the numerous advantages it has over competing technologies, has not seen widespread deployment. A primary reason for markets not adopting this technology is its failure to provide adequate security. Data that is sent over wireless links can be compromised with utmost ease. In this project, we propose a distributed agent based intrusion detection and response system for wireless LANs that can detect unauthorized wireless elements like access points, wireless clients that are in promiscuous mode etc. The system reacts to intrusions by either notifying the concerned personnel, in case of rogue access points and promiscuous nodes, …

A Reconnaissance Scale Assessment Of Confining Conditions Within The Ground-Water System Of The Principal Aquifer In The Upper Big Blue Nrd, S. E. Summerside, R. Vasek, D. C. Gosselin, J. M. Jess

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Patterns And Trends Of Soil Climate Regimes And Drought Events In The Northern Great Plains, William J. Waltman, Stephen M. Goddard, S. E. Reichenbach, Mark Svoboda, Michael Hayes, J. S. Peake

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

Drought is the dominant process of crop loss nationally and within Nebraska. Nearly twothirds of the 18.6 million harvested acres are covered by crop insurance (USDA/RMA, 2003; USDA/NASS, 2003). For the most part, Nebraska’s crop losses range from $50 to 75 million in non-drought years, but the losses approach nearly $200 million in drought years, such as 2000. The past growing season (2002) crop losses are projected to greatly exceed $375 million in Nebraska and more than $4 billion nationally (USDA/RMA, 2003). The analysis and understanding of drought processes in the Great Plains is an important component to developing drought …

Estimation Of Hydraulic Conductivity From Borehole Flowmeter Tests Considering Head Losses, Vitaly A. Zlotnik, Brian R. Zurbuchen

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Recent numerical studies have demonstrated that the conventional interpretation of the borehole flowmeter test (BFT) may lead to considerable errors in estimates of the horizontal hydraulic conductivity (K_r) due to neglect of head loss across the electromagnetic borehole flowmeter (EBF). Even in uniform aquifers, the conventional interpretation underestimates K_r at the base and overestimates K_r at the top of the aquifer. In this paper, we derive exact analytical solutions for hydraulic head and streamlines induced by the BFT in a confined homogeneous aquifer. The solutions explicitly consider head loss across the EBF. The derived analytical solutions …

Butler County Test Hole Logs, Scott E. Summerside, Raymond R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Seward County Test Hole Logs, Raymond R. Burchett, Frank A. Smith

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Low Mitochondrial Dna Variation In Double-Crested Cormorants In Eastern North America, Juliann L. Waits, Michael L. Avery, Mark E. Tobin, Paul L. Leberg

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Double-crested Cormorant (Phohoiornx audus) numbers are increasing throughout eastern North America. We compared variation for five portions of mtDNA to determine if genetic differences existed among portions of the breeding range that would need to be considered when formulating management programs. Sequences for four mtDNA regions were identical across sample locations: frequencies of two haplotpes of the mitochondria1 Control Region were similar across sampling locations. There is no evidence of restricted gene flow among breeding areas, or between subspecies with different migratory patterns.

Restoration Of The Red Wolf, Michael K. Phillips, V. Gary Henry, Brian T. Kelly

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

"WOLFERS" IN NORTHEASTERN North Carolina were busy on February 5, 1768. Records from the Tyrrell County courthouse read: “Giles Long and Thomas Wllkinson awarded one pound for a certified wolf scalp; Jeremiah Norman awarded two pounds for certified wolf and wild-cat scalps; Davenport Smithwick awarded one pound for a certified wolf-scalp. Such was the nature of the war on the wolf: people killed them for money. The belief of the time held that the war was necessary because it was humankind's manifest destiny to tame the wilderness. And for the wilderness to be tame, the wolf had to be exterminated. …

Characteristics Of Spring And Fall Blackbird Roosts In The Northern Great Plains, George M. Linz, Richard S. Sawin, Mark W. Lutman, H. Jeffrey Homan, Linda B. Penry, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

To successfully reduce blackbird (Icteridae) damage to sunflower crops in the northern Great Plains, wildlife damage managers must be able to identify sites where large roosts could form in spring and fall. In 1998 and 1999, we measured several habitat and land-use characteristics of spring and fall blackbird roosts. Our objective was to quantify the relationship between roost formation and wetland habitat and land-use. We used data from 7 spring roosts and 12 fall blackbird roosts to set search guidelines that might increase the efficacy of locating potential roost sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of the northern Great Plains. …

Development Of A Synthetic Materials Mimic For Vulture Olfaction Research, Richard E. Mauldin, Bruce A. Kimball, John J. Johnston, Jerome C. Hurley, Michael L. Avery

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Since the early 1990's, an increase in damage associated with the activities of black (Coragyps atratus) and turkey (Cathartes aura) vultures has been observed. These activities include extensive damage to real and personal property. Vultures display an affinity for objects made of synthetic materials such as vinyl or plastic, and frequently damage items such as seat cushions, roof shingles, and caulking sealant. To explore whether this behavior in vultures is olfactorily driven, volatile compounds emitted by 21 vulture-damaged objects were collected and analyzed using purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results from these analyses were tabulated and the …

Monetary Valuation Methods For Economic Analysis Of The Benefit-Costs Of Protecting Rare Wildlife Species From Predators, Richard M. Engeman, Stephanie A. Schwiff, Henry T. Smith, Bernice Constantin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Many threatened and endangered species are negatively impacted by predation. Management of the predators that are geographically and telnporally in position to threaten species of concern can greatly aid in their conservation. However, decisions on managenlent strategies are based within economic constraints, while the success of management actions is measured by wildlife resource improvement. Here, we review methods for applying monetary valuations for threatened and endangered species so that cconoinic analyses of management actions can be used to help guide and evaluate managcmcnt decisions. A variety of applied exa~nplesa re provided to demonstrate the principles.

Combined Kerr Microscope And Magnetic Force Microscope For Variable Temperature Ultrahigh Vacuum Investigations, D. Peterka, Axel Enders, G. Haas, Klaus Kern

Axel Enders Publications

A new system combining a Kerr microscope and a magnetic force microscope for the study of magnetic domains in ultrathin films under ultrahigh vacuum conditions is presented. Due to the overlapping imaging range of both techniques magnetic domains can be investigated over a lateral range from millimeter down to fractions of a micrometer. Experiments can be done at variable temperatures, from 80 K to 600 K. First results are presented showing the same magnetic domain in a three monolayer Fe film on Cu (100) imaged with both techniques.

Nebraska Birds In Recorded History, Fritz L. Knopf

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The critical image of historical perspective is lacking in much of conservation biology's dialogue on protecting biotic diversity. Some biologists offer that the vision for bird conservation on the Central Grasslands of North America is to secure at least fragments of the avian assemblage that coexisted with Native Americans when Europeans first arrived. Nowhere, however, has anyone really tried to re-create such a historical image in any biological arena, until now.

Eolian Sand Transport Pathways In The Southwestern United States: Importance Of The Colorado River And Local Sources, Daniel R. Muhs, Richard L. Reynolds, Josh Been, Gary Skipp

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Geomorphologists have long recognized that eolian sand transport pathways extend over long distances in desert regions. Along such pathways, sediment transport by wind can surmount topographic obstacles and cross major drainages. Recent studies have suggested that three distinct eolian sand transport pathways exist (or once existed) in the Mojave and Sonoran Desert regions of the southwestern United States. One hypothesized pathway is eolian sand transport from the eastern Mojave Desert of California into western Arizona, near Parker, and would require sand movement across what must have been at least a seasonally dry Colorado River valley. We tested this hypothesis by …

Quaternary Sedimentation And Subsidence History Of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based On Seismic Stratigraphy And Coring, S. M. Colman, E. B. Karabanov, C. H. Nelson Iii

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The long, continuous, high-latitude, stratigraphic record of Lake Baikal was deposited in three broad sedimentary environments, defined by high-resolution seismic-reflection and coring methods: (1) turbidite depositional systems, by far the most widespread, characterizing most of the margins and floors of the main basins of the lake, (2) large deltas of major drainages, and (3) tectonically or topographically isolated ridges and banks. Holocene sedimentation rates based on radiocarbon ages vary by more than an order of magnitude among these environments, from less than about 0.03 mm/yr on ridges and banks to more than about 0.3 mm/yr on basin floors. Extrapolating these …

Birth Of The Modern Chesapeake Bay Estuary Between 7.4 And 8.2 Ka And Implications For Global Sea-Level Rise, John F. Bratton, Steven M. Colman, E. Robert Thieler, Robert R. Seal Ii

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Two major pulses of sea-level rise are thought to have taken place since the last glacial maximum – meltwater pulses (mwp) 1A (12 cal ka) and 1B (9.5 cal ka). Between mwp 1B and about 6 cal ka, many of the complex coastal ecosystems which ring the world’s oceans began to form. Here we report data for rhenium, carbon isotopes, total organic carbon, and fossil oysters from Chesapeake Bay which span the transition from fresh to brackish water conditions in the bay in the mid- Holocene. These data constrain sea-level change and resulting environmental change in the bay. They indicate …

Acquisition And Evaluation Of Thermodynamic Data For Morenosite-Retgersite Equilibria At 0.1 Mpa, I-Ming Chou, Robert R. Seal Ii

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Metal-sulfate salts in mine drainage environments commonly occur as solid solutions containing Fe, Cu, Mg, Zn, Al, Mn, Ni, Co, Cd, and other elements. Thermodynamic data for some of the endmember salts containing Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mg have been collected and evaluated previously, and the present study extends to the system containing Ni. Morenosite (NiSO₄•7H₂O)-retgersite (NiSO₄•6H₂O) equilibria were determined along five humidity buffer curves at 0.1 MPa and between 5 and 22 °C. Reversals along these humidity-buffer curves yield ln K = 17.58–6303.35/T, where K is the equilibrium constant, …

Effects Of Crustal Stresses On Fluid Transport In Fractured Rock: Case Studies From Northeastern And Southwestern Usa, Roger H. Morin, William Z. Savage

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The link between stress and hydrologic properties was examined at two sites that are distinguished by different rock types and different stress states. This investigation is based upon the analysis and interpretation of geophysical logs obtained in water wells at the two locations. At the northeast site (Newark Basin), the hydrologic characteristics of sedimentary rocks are dependent upon the relationship to the current regional stress field of two primary types of orthogonal features that serve as preferential pathways for fluid flow. Subhorizontal bedding-plane partings are highly transmissive near the surface and delineate transversely isotropic fluid flow at shallow depths. With …

Influence Of The Pacific Decadal Oscillation On The Climate Of The Sierra Nevada, California And Nevada, Larry Benson, Braddock Linsley, Joe Smoot, Scott Mensing, Steve Lund, Scott Stine, Andre Sarna-Wojcicki

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Mono Lake sediments have recorded five major oscillations in the hydrologic balance between A.D. 1700 and 1941. These oscillations can be correlated with tree-ring-based oscillations in Sierra Nevada snowpack. Comparison of a tree-ring-based reconstruction of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index (D’Arrigo et al., 2001) with a coral-based reconstruction of Subtropical South Pacific sea-surface temperature (Linsley et al., 2000) indicates a high degree of correlation between the two records during the past 300 yr. This suggests that the PDO has been a pan-Pacific phenomena for at least the past few hundred years. Major oscillations in the hydrologic balance of the …

Age Of The Mono Lake Excursion And Associated Tephra, Larry Benson, Joseph Liddicoat, Joseph Smoot, Andrei Sarna-Wojcicki, Robert M. Negrini, Steve Lund

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The Mono Lake excursion (MLE) is an important time marker that has been found in lake and marine sediments across much of the Northern Hemisphere. Dating of this event at its type locality, the Mono Basin of California, has yielded controversial results with the most recent effort concluding that the MLE may actually be the Laschamp excursion (Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 197 (2002) 151). We show that a volcanic tephra (Ash #15) that occurs near the midpoint of the MLE has a date (not corrected for reservoir effect) of 28,620 ± 300 ¹⁴C yr BP (~32,400 GISP2 yr BP) …

Aeolian Cliff-Top Deposits And Buried Soils In The White River Badlands, South Dakota, Usa, J. Elmo Rawling Iii, Glen G. Fredlund, Shannon Mahan

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Aeolian deposits in the North American Great Plains are important sources of Holocene palaeoenvironmental records. Although there are extensive studies on loess and dune records in the region, little is known about records in aeolian cliff-top deposits. These are common on table (mesa) edges in the White River Badlands. These sediments typically have loam and sandy-loam textures with dominantly very fine sand, 0.5–1% organic carbon and 0.5–5% CaCO₃. Some of these aeolian deposits are atypically coarse and contain granules and fine pebbles. Buried soils within these deposits are weakly developed with A-C and A-AC-C profiles. Beneath these are …

Quaternary Loess-Paleosol Sequences As Examples Of Climate-Driven Sedimentary Extremes, Daniel R. Muhs, E. Arthur Bettis Iii

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Loess is a widespread, wind-transported, silt-dominated deposit that contains geologic archives of atmospheric circulation and paleoclimate on continents. Loess may cover as much as 10% of the Earth’s land surface. It is composed mainly of quartz, feldspars, and clay minerals, with varying amounts of carbonate minerals. The geochemistry of loess differs from region to region, depending on source materials, but all loess is very high in SiO2 with lesser amounts of other major elements. Trends in loess downwind from source areas include systematic decreases in thickness and amounts of sand and coarse silt, and increases in amounts of fine silt …

Ethical Issues In Open Source Software, Frances Grodzinsky, Keith W. Miller, Marty J. Wolf

School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications

In this essay we argue that the current social and ethical structure in the Open Source Software (OSS) Community stem from its roots in academia. The individual developers experience a level of autonomy similar to that of a faculty member. Furthermore, we assert that the Open Source Software Community's social structure demands benevolent leadership. We argue that it is difficult to pass off low quality open source software as high quality software and that the Open Source development model offers strong accountability. Finally, we argue that Open Source Software introduces ethical challenges for universities and the software development community.

Nitroalkane Anomaly: Computational Study With Cluster And Continuum Modeling, H. Yamataka, Salai Cheettu Ammal

Faculty Publications

The origin of anomalous relation between rates and equilibria for the proton-transfer reactions of nitroalkanes, known as nitroalkane anomaly, was investigated by theoretical calculations with a cluster model, in which three water molecules are explicitly considered in the system, as well as the PCM solvent continuum model. For the CH3NO2/CH3CH2NO2 system, B3LYP and MP2 computations reproduced the anomaly, and the imbalance in the charge distribution at the transition state (TS) was observed. In contrast, although the TS imbalance was detected for the substituted phenylnitromethane system, the Brønsted plots did not show any anomaly. The experimentally observed abnormally large Brønsted coefficient …

Ce-Qual-W2: A Two-Dimensional, Laterally Averaged, Hydrodynamic And Water Quality Model, Version 3.1, Thomas M. Cole, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional, longitudinal/vertical, hydrodynamic and water quality model. Because the model assumes lateral homogeneity, it is best suited for relatively long and narrow waterbodies exhibiting longitudinal and vertical water quality gradients. The model has been applied to rivers, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, and combinations thereof.

The application of CE-QUAL-W2 requires knowledge in the following areas: 1. Hydrodynamics 2. Aquatic biology 3. Aquatic chemistry 4. Numerical methods 5. Computers and FORTRAN coding 6. Statistics 7. Data assembly and reconstruction.

Water quality modeling is in many ways an art requiring not only knowledge in these areas but also experience in their …

Application Of The Chan-Evans Diaryl Ether Synthesis To The Formation Of Bis(Bibenzyls), Eric Rosenthal

Honors Theses

Alkene (6) was produced in three steps from 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (8), and 3-bromobenzyl bromide (10). A variety of strategies were employed to synthesize the desired boronic acid (13), but as of this time none have been successful. The synthesis of this boronic acid is necessary to study the feasibility of applying the Chan-Evans copper mediated formation of diaryl ethers to a bis(bibenzyl) synthesis. In seeking to exploit the advantages of the Chan-Evans ether synthesis over the Ullman ether synthesis, we have encountered some of the associated difficulties. The utilization of an arylboronic acid to produce a diaryl ether first requires the …

Published Salinity Information And Wa Farmers. An Investigation Into The Effectiveness Of Current Published Salinity Information, Stephen Lloyd

Agriculture reports

Salinity is one of the greatest environmental threats facing Western Australia. Extension of salinity information to WA farmers is a key process in helping the rural community manage this threat. Published information is an important part of this extension. However, there has been very little research into the use and effectiveness of published salinity information. The aim of this study was to investigate:

• Effectiveness of current salinity information products and services in relation to decision making and practice change by WA farmers;

• Possible improvement in salinity publications to better assist WA farmers in decision making and practice change.

สรุปข่าวและกิจกรรมสิ่งแวดล้อม

Thai Environment

No abstract provided.