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Articles 1 - 30 of 127
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Metal Organic Frameworks (Mofs) Supported Single Atom Catalysts (Sacs) For Solar Fuel Conversion, Humphrey Chiromo
Metal Organic Frameworks (Mofs) Supported Single Atom Catalysts (Sacs) For Solar Fuel Conversion, Humphrey Chiromo
Dissertations (1934 -)
The continual reliance on non-renewable energy sources from fossil fuels to meet the world’s energy demand is causing serious environmental problems such as air pollution and global warming, hence there is a need of an alternative clean sustainable energy source. Exploration of clean sustainable renewable energies shows great promise to replace fossil fuels to meet global energy needs. Among the renewable energy sources, solar energy represents one of the most promising alternative energy sources due to its abundance and sustainability. However, the major challenge is the harvesting and storage of solar energy. One of the promising approaches to resolve these …
Designing Human-Centered Algorithms For The Public Sector: A Case Study Of The U.S. Child Welfare System, Devansh Saxena
Designing Human-Centered Algorithms For The Public Sector: A Case Study Of The U.S. Child Welfare System, Devansh Saxena
Dissertations (1934 -)
Public sector agencies in the United States are increasingly seeking to emulate business models of the private sector centered in efficiency, cost reduction, and innovation through the adoption of algorithmic systems. These data-driven systems purportedly improve decision-making; however, the public sector poses its own unique challenges where policies, practices, and organizational constraints mediate all decisions. Algorithms that do not account for these pertinent aspects of professional practice frustrate practitioners, diminish the quality of human discretionary work, and amplify biases in decision-making. A human-centered research agenda can help us develop algorithms centered in social-ecological theories that support the decision-making processes of …
Photophysical And Photocatalytic Properties Of Covalent Organic Frameworks, Daniel Streater H.
Photophysical And Photocatalytic Properties Of Covalent Organic Frameworks, Daniel Streater H.
Dissertations (1934 -)
This dissertation is most interested in how a class of materials known as covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be designed to capture photon energy to initiate chemical reactions. Different COF designs change how long the energy is held, how it migrates, and how it is dispersed – and these differences can be used to change their performance as artificial photosynthesis platforms. Thus, it is helpful to have an informative discussion about the processes behind natural photosynthesis, that is, nature’s light harvesting strategies and photocatalytic schemes (Section 1.2) and will lead into an introduction of COFs and why they possess unique …
Elucidating The Structure And Regulatory Interactions Of The Hotair Non-Coding Rna And The Bacterial Rnase P. Holoenzyme, Ainur Abzhanova
Elucidating The Structure And Regulatory Interactions Of The Hotair Non-Coding Rna And The Bacterial Rnase P. Holoenzyme, Ainur Abzhanova
Dissertations (1934 -)
RNA structures and RNA-protein interactions are studied as potential drug targets, biomarkers in cancer, and can be administered as vaccines. The cancer associated HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense RNA) exists in higher vertebrates and interacts with chromatin remodeling enzymes. We examined the thermodynamic folding properties and structural propensity of the exonic regions of HOTAIR using biophysical methods and NMR spectroscopy. Different exons of HOTAIR contain variable degrees of structural heterogeneity. We identify one exonic region, exon 4, that adopts a stable and compact fold under low magnesium concentrations. Close agreement of NMR spectroscopy and chemical probing confirm conserved base pair interactions …
Artificial Intelligence-Based Smarter Accessibility Evaluations For Comprehensive And Personalized Assessment, Sayeda Farzana Aktar
Artificial Intelligence-Based Smarter Accessibility Evaluations For Comprehensive And Personalized Assessment, Sayeda Farzana Aktar
Dissertations (1934 -)
The research focuses on utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to enhance accessibility for people with disabilities (PwD) in three areas: public buildings, homes, and medical devices. The overarching goal is to improve the accuracy, reliability, and effectiveness of accessibility evaluation systems by leveraging smarter technologies. For public buildings, the challenge lies in developing an accurate and reliable accessibility evaluation system. AI can play a crucial role by analyzing data, identifying potential barriers, and assessing the accessibility of various features within buildings. By training ML algorithms on relevant data, the system can learn to make accurate predictions …
Exploring New Techniques For Precision Deuteration Of Alkenes And Alkynes, Zoua Pa Vang
Exploring New Techniques For Precision Deuteration Of Alkenes And Alkynes, Zoua Pa Vang
Dissertations (1934 -)
Deuterium labeled compounds are often utilized in chemical research as internal standards in mass spectrometry, to study reaction mechanisms and in the pharmaceutical industry to slow the rate of metabolism. With the increase interest for deuterium labeled molecules, there is a renewed interest in selective methods for the installation of deuterium atoms into small organic molecules. However, current methods to incorporate deuterium atoms into organic molecules can lead to isotopic mixtures such as isotopologues and isotopomers. These isotopic species are indistinguishable due to their similar physical properties, leading to inseparable products by common purification techniques. Furthermore, common spectroscopic techniques to …
A Package Of Smartphone And Sensor-Based Objective Measurement Tools For Physical And Social Exertional Activities For Patients With Illness-Limiting Capacities, Arafat Mahmood
Dissertations (1934 -)
Patients with several incompletely diagnosed and understood chronic diseases suffer from symptoms that limit their functional capacity. In particular, patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) and long covid syndromes have variable fatigue, malaise, poor and unrefreshing sleep, and delayed post-exertional exacerbations of these symptoms. There are no specific tests for these patients to diagnose their diseases properly. These patients must be aware of their daily activities and energy expenditure. Even a little physical effort or socially extroverted behavior can make them tired and incapable of continuing their daily routine. A comprehensive summary of the measured activities at any particular …
Kinetics Of Isotope-Labeled Pathways In The Ozone Forming Recombination Reaction, Elizaveta Grushnikova
Kinetics Of Isotope-Labeled Pathways In The Ozone Forming Recombination Reaction, Elizaveta Grushnikova
Dissertations (1934 -)
The ozone layer in Earth’s atmosphere is unique and plays a vital role in the development of life. Studying the mechanism behind ozone formation helps us understand the development of our planet’s atmosphere. We focus here on the anomalous mass-independent isotope effect.1 In 1981, Mauersberger et al.2 performed an experiment using weather balloons, resulting in the discovery of the anomalous isotope effect for ozone formation. Since then, other chemists have continued to investigate the theory behind this phenomenon. To understand the nature of the isotope effect, we must consider all stages of ozone formation. The basic reaction for ozone formation …
Application Of Nanodisc Technology To A Membrane-Bound P450: Functional Studies And Resonance Raman Studies On Cyp51a1, Yuanqi Jing
Dissertations (1934 -)
Membrane-bound cytochrome P450s are highly insoluble and tend to form aggregations in aqueous solution due to its hydrophobic N-terminal transmembrane anchor. The traditional methodology of studying membrane-bound proteins depends on the use of detergent; however, detergent solubilization of membrane P450s does not satisfy many criteria of biochemical and biophysical studies on membrane proteins. A well-developed Nanodisc technology has been proven to be an extraordinarily efficient method of studying membrane-bound P450s. The human sterol 14-demethylases (CYP51A1) are membrane-bound P450 enzymes that catalyze oxidative removal of the C32 methyl group of lanosterol by first forming an alcohol, then an aldehyde, and finally …
Bit-Flip Aware Data Structures For Phase Change Memory, Arockia David Roy Kulandai
Bit-Flip Aware Data Structures For Phase Change Memory, Arockia David Roy Kulandai
Dissertations (1934 -)
Big, non-volatile, byte-addressable, low-cost, and fast non-volatile memories like Phase Change Memory are appearing in the marketplace. They have the capability to unify both memory and storage and allow us to rethink the present memory hierarchy. An important draw-back to Phase Change Memory is limited write-endurance. In addition, Phase Change Memory shares with other Non-Volatile Random Access Memories an asym- metry in the energy costs of writes and reads. Best use of Non-Volatile Random Access Memories limits the number of times a Non-Volatile Random Access Memory cell changes contents, called a bit-flip. While the future of main memory is still …
Designing A Patient-Centered Clinical Workflow To Assess Cyberbully Experiences Of Youths In The U.S. Healthcare System, Fayika Farhat Nova
Designing A Patient-Centered Clinical Workflow To Assess Cyberbully Experiences Of Youths In The U.S. Healthcare System, Fayika Farhat Nova
Dissertations (1934 -)
Cyberbullying or online harassment is often defined as when someone repeatedly and intentionally harasses, mistreats, or makes fun of others aiming to scare, anger or shame them using electronic devices [296]. Youths experiencing cyberbullying report higher levels of anxiety and depression, mental distress, suicide thoughts, and substance abuse than their non-bullied peers [360, 605, 261, 354]. Even though bullying is associated with significant health problems, to date, very little youth anti-bullying efforts are initiated and directed in clinical settings. There is presently no standardized procedure or workflow across health systems for systematically assessing cyberbullying or other equally dangerous online activities …
Graph Neural Networks For Inverse Problems With Flexible Meshes, William Herzberg
Graph Neural Networks For Inverse Problems With Flexible Meshes, William Herzberg
Dissertations (1934 -)
This thesis addresses the electrical impedance tomography (EIT) image reconstruction problem where samples may have irregular discretizations and presents two, new, learned reconstruction algorithms which leverage a graph framework. These new frameworks consider the irregular, non-uniform data as a graph thus allowing graph neural networks to be applied directly to the data defined over irregular meshes. Currently in imaging, convolutional neural networks are used most frequently in learned methods because they are spatially invariant and have the ability to leverage localized information. In addition, many images are represented by rows and columns of uniformly sized pixels which can easily be …
Predicting Mental Health Crisis In Veterans: Early Warning Signs, Precursors And Protective Factors, Priyanka Annapureddy
Predicting Mental Health Crisis In Veterans: Early Warning Signs, Precursors And Protective Factors, Priyanka Annapureddy
Dissertations (1934 -)
Mental Health (MH) conditions have recently increased to a large extent due to socio-demographic changes. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common mental health disorders prevalent in US. PTSD is even more troubling at double the rate in combat veterans leaving their service compared to general population. Severity of PTSD is associated with risk taking behaviors such as substance abuse, non-suicidal self-injury, and sexual risk behaviors. Psychological disorders are often preceded by early warning signs and recognizing the early warning signs of PTSD will help in preventing the returning or worsening of PTSD symptoms. Ecological momentary assessment …
Temporal Sentiment Mapping System For Time-Synchronized Data, Jiachen Ma
Temporal Sentiment Mapping System For Time-Synchronized Data, Jiachen Ma
Dissertations (1934 -)
Temporal sentiment labels are used in various multimedia studies. They are useful for numerous classification and detection tasks such as video tagging, segmentation, and labeling. However, generating a large-scale sentiment dataset through manual labeling is usually expensive and challenging. Some recent studies explored the possibility of using online Time-Sync Comments (TSCs) as the primary source of their sentiment maps. Although the approach has positive results, existing TSCs datasets are limited in scale and content categories. Guidelines for generating such data within a constrained budget are yet to be developed and discussed. This dissertation tries to address the above issues by …
Adaptive Pedagogy Framework For Risk Management, Incident Response And Disaster Recovery Education, Hsiao-An Wang
Adaptive Pedagogy Framework For Risk Management, Incident Response And Disaster Recovery Education, Hsiao-An Wang
Dissertations (1934 -)
The field of Cybersecurity, both in cybersecurity education and cybersecurity workforce demands, has been growing steadily as the dangers of cyber-threats continue to rise. The gap between the supply and demand of the cybersecurity workforce has been widening throughout the past decade. In response to the increased demand, many government agencies have actively engaged in collaborative efforts with higher education institutions to produce more capable graduates to address the need. However, with the various educational utilities available to instructors, few utilities offer content related to risk management, incident response, and disaster recovery practices. Furthermore, many students lack the awareness to …
A Smartphone-Based Non-Invasive Measurement System For Blood Constituents From Photoplethysmography (Ppg) And Fingertip Videos Illuminated With The Near-Infrared Leds, Md Hasanul Aziz
Dissertations (1934 -)
At least two billion people are affected by hemoglobin (Hgb), diabetic-related, and other blood-related diseases. Regular clinical assessments of these problems are conducted by analyzing venipuncture-obtained blood samples in laboratories. A non-invasive, cheap, point-of-care, and accurate test is needed everywhere. We started with Hgb measurement, and after an extensive literature survey, we came up with a non-invasive solution with 10-second Smartphone videos of the index fingertips using custom hardware sets to illuminate the fingers. We tested four lighting conditions with wavelengths in the near-infrared spectrum suggested by the absorption properties of two primary components of blood- oxygenated Hgb and plasma. …
Acceleration Of Computational Geometry Algorithms For High Performance Computing Based Geo-Spatial Big Data Analysis, Anmol Paudel
Acceleration Of Computational Geometry Algorithms For High Performance Computing Based Geo-Spatial Big Data Analysis, Anmol Paudel
Dissertations (1934 -)
Geo-Spatial computing and data analysis is the branch of computer science that deals with real world location-based data. Computational geometry algorithms are algorithms that process geometry/shapes and is one of the pillars of geo-spatial computing. Real world map and location-based data can be huge in size and the data structures used to process them extremely big leading to huge computational costs. Furthermore, Geo-Spatial datasets are growing on all V’s (Volume, Variety, Value, etc.) and are becoming larger and more complex to process in-turn demanding more computational resources. High Performance Computing is a way to breakdown the problem in ways that …
Intrinsic Photodynamic Study On Photocatalytic Materials, Wenhui Hu
Intrinsic Photodynamic Study On Photocatalytic Materials, Wenhui Hu
Dissertations (1934 -)
To relieve the global energy crisis and environmental pollution caused by the combustion of traditional fossil fuels, developing an environmental-friendly renewable energy to replace fossil fuel is urgent. Among the possible energy sources, solar energy has attracted numerous attentions because of the abundant storage. However, it is challenging to efficiently utilize and store solar energy. One attractive strategy to address this challenge is to convert solar energy to fuel through artificial photosynthesis (e.g. photocatalytic water splitting to generate H2). A technologically significant solar-driven water splitting system requires an efficient photocatalytic system that can not only effectively harvest light but also …
Quantitative Multidimensional Stress Assessment From Facial Videos, Lin He
Quantitative Multidimensional Stress Assessment From Facial Videos, Lin He
Dissertations (1934 -)
Stress has a significant impact on the physical and mental health of an individual and is a growing concern for society, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Facial video-based stress evaluation from non-invasive cameras has proven to be a significantly more efficient method to evaluate stress in comparison to approaches that use questionnaires or wearable sensors. Plenty of classification models have been built for stress detection. However, most do not consider individual differences. Also, the results for such models are limited by a uni-dimensional definition of stress levels lacking a comprehensive quantitative definition of stress. The dissertation focuses on building a …
Causal Inference In Healthcare: Approaches To Causal Modeling And Reasoning Through Graphical Causal Models, Riddhiman Adib
Causal Inference In Healthcare: Approaches To Causal Modeling And Reasoning Through Graphical Causal Models, Riddhiman Adib
Dissertations (1934 -)
In the era of big data, researchers have access to large healthcare datasets collected over a long period. These datasets hold valuable information, frequently investigated using traditional Machine Learning algorithms or Neural Networks. These algorithms perform great in finding patterns out of datasets (as a predictive machine); however, the models lack extensive interpretability to be used in the healthcare sector (as an explainable machine). Without exploring underlying causal relationships, the algorithms fail to explain their reasoning. Causal Inference, a relatively newer branch of Artificial Intelligence, deals with interpretability and portrays causal relationships in data through graphical models. It explores the …
All Pairs Routing Path Enumeration Using Latin Multiplication And Julia, Haochen Sun
All Pairs Routing Path Enumeration Using Latin Multiplication And Julia, Haochen Sun
Dissertations (1934 -)
Enumerating all routing paths among Autonomous Systems (ASes) at an Internet-scale is an intractable problem. The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the standard exterior gateway protocol through which ASes exchange reachability information. Building an efficient path enumeration tool for a given network is an essential step toward estimating the resiliency of the network to cyber security attacks, such as routing origin and path hijacking. In our work, we use the matrix Latin multiplication method to compute all possible paths among all pairs of nodes. We parallelize this computation through the domain decomposition for matrix multiplication and implement our solution in …
Load Balancing Algorithms For Parallel Spatial Join On Hpc Platforms, Jie Yang
Load Balancing Algorithms For Parallel Spatial Join On Hpc Platforms, Jie Yang
Dissertations (1934 -)
Geospatial datasets are growing in volume, complexity, and heterogeneity. For efficient execution of geospatial computations and analytics on large scale datasets, parallel processing is necessary. To exploit fine-grained parallel processing on large scale compute clusters, partitioning of skewed datasets in a load-balanced way is challenging. The workload in spatial join is data dependent and highly irregular. Moreover, wide variation in the size and density of geometries from one region of the map to another, further exacerbates the load imbalance. This dissertation focuses on spatial join operation used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial databases, where the inputs are two …
Synthesis And Pharmacological Studies Of Ph-Sensitive, Allosteric, And Bivalent Ligands As Modulators Of Gpcrs, Ricardo Rosas Jr.
Synthesis And Pharmacological Studies Of Ph-Sensitive, Allosteric, And Bivalent Ligands As Modulators Of Gpcrs, Ricardo Rosas Jr.
Dissertations (1934 -)
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface receptors that transduce extracellular signals into intracellular effector pathways via heterotrimeric G protein dependent and independent pathways. GPCRs are involved in numerous physiological processes and are implicated in pathological signaling for numerous diseases. Described herein are novel approaches towards the modulation of two specific Class A GPCRs: protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and the mu opioid receptor (MOR). Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to GPCRs, which includes structures, signaling, and putative heteromer formation. Chapters 2 and 5 provide background information on PARs and the MOR, respectively. Diverse approaches towards the modulation of …
Explainable Retinal Screening With Self-Management Support To Improve Eye-Health Of Diabetic Population Via Telemedicine, Jannatul Ferdause Tumpa
Explainable Retinal Screening With Self-Management Support To Improve Eye-Health Of Diabetic Population Via Telemedicine, Jannatul Ferdause Tumpa
Dissertations (1934 -)
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one major complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Progression of DR and complete vision loss can be prevented by keeping diabetes in control and by early diagnosis through annual eye screenings. However, cost, healthcare disparities, cultural limitations, lack of motivation, etc., are the main barriers against regular screening, especially for a few ethnically and racially minority communities. On the other hand, to well-manage and control diabetes, the diabetic population needs to be physically active and keep their weight healthy. From the perspective of Behavioral Science, Some self-management techniques based on motivational …
Resonant Two-Photon Ionization And Velocity Mapped Ion Imaging Studies Of Aromatic Van Der Waals Complexes, James T. Makuvaza
Resonant Two-Photon Ionization And Velocity Mapped Ion Imaging Studies Of Aromatic Van Der Waals Complexes, James T. Makuvaza
Dissertations (1934 -)
The study of van der Waals complexes provides a means for understanding the nature and strength of non-covalent interactions. Non-covalent interactions including C-H/, C-H/O, C-H/N, C-H/F, halogen and chalcogen bonding are found in important intermediates that regulate chemical and biological processes in many forefront areas of science including molecular self-assembly, drug substrate interactions, supramolecular chemistry, crystal engineering and biochemistry. To better understand these interactions, laser spectroscopic techniques that include mass selected two color resonant two photon ionization (2CR2PI) and velocity mapped ion imaging spectroscopy in combination with complementary ab initio calculations were used to probe the electronic structure, geometries, and …
Enacting Systemic Change: The Evolving Landscape Of Computer Science Education In The State Of Wisconsin, Heather Bort
Enacting Systemic Change: The Evolving Landscape Of Computer Science Education In The State Of Wisconsin, Heather Bort
Dissertations (1934 -)
Over the last decade, the Systems Lab at Marquette University has undertaken a grand challenge to positively impact learners and educators in the state of Wisconsin with computer science education innovation. We have moved through a progression in maturity around recognizing the need for and implementing a propagation plan to achieve this desired outcome. This work showcases several novel innovations with increasing overall effectiveness in creating a more diverse community of computer science educators and learners in the state. We demonstrate a pattern of increased engagement, sustainable change, and measurable impact, that has resulted in a more accessible and inclusive …
Sepsis Monitoring Using Contextually-Tailored Online Change Point Detection And Beyond, Nazmus Sakib
Sepsis Monitoring Using Contextually-Tailored Online Change Point Detection And Beyond, Nazmus Sakib
Dissertations (1934 -)
Considering morbidity, mortality, and annual treatment costs, the dramatic rise in the incidence of sepsis and septic shock among intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in US hospitals is an increasing concern. The recent excruciating statistics regarding sepsis mortality, the average length of hospital stay, and annual treatment costs made sepsis treatment and research a critical domain in medical informatics. The aims of this dissertation center around four research questions. First, we discuss how we can investigate the prevalence and underlying relation of the sepsis diagnosis criteria (qSOFA and SIRS) and its implications in Medical Informatics and predictive analytics. Second, we …
Improved Motor Imagery Decoding Using Deep Learning Techniques, Olawunmi Olaboopo George
Improved Motor Imagery Decoding Using Deep Learning Techniques, Olawunmi Olaboopo George
Dissertations (1934 -)
Motor imagery (MI) has been one of the most used paradigms for building brain-computer interfaces (BCI), widely used in neurorehabilitation, for restoring functionality to damaged parts of a neurologically deficient person. The existing motor imagery techniques have largely employed feature extraction techniques such as the power spectral density (PSD) and the common spatial patterns (CSP) before classification, using traditional machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). These algorithms are quite limited in their ability to generate feature representations for certain types of signals, limiting the potential for improvements in the decoding process. Also, …
Toward Understanding The Origin Of Mass-Independent Fractionation In Sulfur Allotropes And In Ozone, Igor Gayday
Toward Understanding The Origin Of Mass-Independent Fractionation In Sulfur Allotropes And In Ozone, Igor Gayday
Dissertations (1934 -)
Mysterious isotope effects, found in atmospheric ozone, cannot be explained by the standard mass-dependent statistical model. Similar mass-dependent isotope effects were also uncovered in sulfur deposits older than 2 billion years. In an effort to pinpoint possible reasons of these isotope effects, we build a theoretical description of the recombination reactions in sulfur allotropes and in ozone. No potential energy surface exists for the sulfur allotropes, so electronic structure calculations are also required. Ab initio calculation of two dimensionally reduced (2D and 3D) models of the potential energy surface for the tetrasulfur molecule at CCSD(T)-F12 and MRCI levels of theory …
Predictive Analysis On Knee X-Ray Image And Mosquito Spectral Data, Manzur Rahman Farazi
Predictive Analysis On Knee X-Ray Image And Mosquito Spectral Data, Manzur Rahman Farazi
Dissertations (1934 -)
The aims of this dissertation are to develop predictive algorithms for twopractical applications: classification of knee osteoarthritis (OA) based on knee x-ray image and age prediction of mosquitoes based on near infrared spectra (NIRS) data. For the OA classification problem, we develop an automated algorithm that reads the pixel-wise color intensities for x-ray images and performs an OA severity classification. Identification of the region of interest (ROI) is a primary step for successful automated classification process. We develop an efficient algorithm to detect ROI and from the detected ROI, we extracted width-based features using pixel intensity difference (PID). The PID …