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- Soils (24)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tb208: Biological Water Quality Standards To Achieve Biological Condition Goals In Maine Rivers And Streams: Science And Policy, Susan P. Davies, Francis Drummond, David L. Courtemanch, Leonidas Tsomides, Thomas J. Danielson
Tb208: Biological Water Quality Standards To Achieve Biological Condition Goals In Maine Rivers And Streams: Science And Policy, Susan P. Davies, Francis Drummond, David L. Courtemanch, Leonidas Tsomides, Thomas J. Danielson
Technical Bulletins
This publication describes the philosophy, history, methodology, and management applications of numeric biological criteria in water quality standards in Maine. The presentation describes the decision-making process used by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MDEP) for assessing attainment of aquatic life uses in water quality standards using benthic macroinvertebrates in Maine streams and rivers including eight case studies of management applications and the improved environmental outcomes that have resulted. The MDEP, University of Maine, and business and nonprofit stakeholders participated in the development and testing of Maine’s numeric biological criteria. This publication further discusses the broader relevance of numeric biological …
Tb207: A Manual For Remote Sensing Of Maine Lake Clarity, Ian M. Mccullough, Cynthia S. Loftin, Steven A. Sader
Tb207: A Manual For Remote Sensing Of Maine Lake Clarity, Ian M. Mccullough, Cynthia S. Loftin, Steven A. Sader
Technical Bulletins
The purpose of this manual is to support use of satellite-based remote sensing for statewide lake water-quality monitoring in Maine. The authors describe step-by-step methods that combine Landsat and MODIS satellite data with field-collected Secchi disk data for statewide assessment of lake water clarity. Landsat can be simultaneously used to assess more than Maine 1,000 lakes ≥ 8 ha, whereas MODIS can be used to assess a maximum of 364 lakes ≥ 100 ha (250-m image resolution) or 83 lakes ≥ 400 ha (500-m image resolution). Although the methods were specifically developed for Maine, other states or non-Maine agencies may …
Tb202: Composition And Biomass Of Forest Floor Vegetation In Experimentally Acidified Paired Watersheds At The Bear Brook Watershed In Maine, Peter Kenlan, G. B. Wiersma, A. S. White, I. J. Fernandez
Tb202: Composition And Biomass Of Forest Floor Vegetation In Experimentally Acidified Paired Watersheds At The Bear Brook Watershed In Maine, Peter Kenlan, G. B. Wiersma, A. S. White, I. J. Fernandez
Technical Bulletins
The percentage cover (abundance), frequency of occurrence, biomass, species richness, and species diversity of understory herbs was measured on a paired watershed ecosystem in eastern Maine, USA. This paired watershed site (Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, BBWM) has had the West Bear Brook Watershed treated bi-monthly with granular ammonium sulfate at a rate of 28.8 kg S ha-1 yr-1 and 25.2 kg N ha-1 yr-1 since 1989. East Bear Brook Watershed serves as the reference site. More than 100 plots were randomly located across the two watersheds. The data suggest that there is generally a lower frequency of occurrence of …
Tb200: Carbon And Nutrients In Maine Forest Soils, Ivan J. Fernandez
Tb200: Carbon And Nutrients In Maine Forest Soils, Ivan J. Fernandez
Technical Bulletins
Recent public concerns surrounding climate change and greenhouse gas emissions have resulted in a lively debate about approaches to fossil fuel offsets and carbon (C) sequestration in forests. The forest community sees opportunities for the intensification of the use of forests for markets ranging from forest products, such as fuel or fuel feedstock, to a range of new bioproducts. This report provides initial insights from an ongoing effort to synthesize forest soils data for Maine. The specific objectives presented here were (1) to develop descriptive statistics for C and measures of available forms of the essential nutrients N, P, and …
Tb196: Temperature, Soil Moisture, And Streamflow At The Bear Brook Watershed In Maine (Bbwm), Ivan J. Fernandez, Joseph E. Karem, Stephen A. Norton, Lindsey E. Rustad
Tb196: Temperature, Soil Moisture, And Streamflow At The Bear Brook Watershed In Maine (Bbwm), Ivan J. Fernandez, Joseph E. Karem, Stephen A. Norton, Lindsey E. Rustad
Technical Bulletins
The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine is a whole-ecosystem chemical manipulation initiated in 1987 to study the effects of acid deposition on forests and surface waters. The focus of this research was to understand the biogeochemical response of watersheds with emphasis on chemistry and hydrology. In 2001 a program was initiated to provide more detailed measurements of temperature and moisture to examine critical linkages amongst chemical, biological, and physical processes that ultimately work together to define ecosystem function. The purpose of this publication is to provide data from the initial phase of soil temperature, air temperature, and soil moisture measurements …
Tb195: Element Concentrations In Maine Forest Vegetation And Soils, Chandra J. Mcgee, Ivan J. Fernandez, Stephen A. Norton, Constance S. Stubbs
Tb195: Element Concentrations In Maine Forest Vegetation And Soils, Chandra J. Mcgee, Ivan J. Fernandez, Stephen A. Norton, Constance S. Stubbs
Technical Bulletins
Bioaccumulation of trace metals in plant tissues can present a health risk to wildlife, and potentially to humans. The Passamaquoddy Tribe in Maine was concerned about health risks of cadmium (Cd) because of a health advisory for moose liver and kidney consumption due to high Cd levels. In addition to Cd, this study evaluated concentrations of aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in four common terrestrial moose-browse species, associated forest soils, and two species of aquatic vegetation on Passamaquoddy tribal land in eastern …
Tb187: Forest Vegetation Monitoring In Acadia National Park, J. D. Eckhoff, G. B. Wiersma, J. A. Elvir
Tb187: Forest Vegetation Monitoring In Acadia National Park, J. D. Eckhoff, G. B. Wiersma, J. A. Elvir
Technical Bulletins
The goal of this report is to present the results of the vegetation component of the PRIMENet study at Acadia. The results include a classification of vegetation types and their locations within Cadillac Brook and Hadlock Brook watersheds; a synthesis of the primary and meta tree, sapling, and seedling data from the two study watersheds; and foliar chemical analyses using Acer rubrum and Picea rubens from Cadillac Brook and Hadlock Brook watersheds. This report provides the baseline information for long-term forest vegetation monitoring in the deciduous and coniferous forests in Cadillac Brook and Hadlock Brook watersheds. Ongoing interest and studies …
Tb180: Baseline Data For Long-Term Forest Vegetation Monitoring At Bear Brook Watershed In Maine, J. D. Eckhoff, G. B. Wiersma
Tb180: Baseline Data For Long-Term Forest Vegetation Monitoring At Bear Brook Watershed In Maine, J. D. Eckhoff, G. B. Wiersma
Technical Bulletins
This report includes comprehensive information on the primary and meta forest vegetation data assembled from Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). This information represents the first in-depth inventory of the forest vegetation, both woody and non-woody in multiple strata, within the two watersheds initially established at BBWM, West Bear and East Bear, and also the areas adjacent to the east and west of these watersheds. For long-term monitoring of vegetation responses to the continued manipulations and/or the recovery of the ecosystems at BBWM, access to the vegetation baseline information contained within this report is essential.
Tb178: Methods For Evaluating Carbon Fractions In Forest Soils: A Review, Jennifer L. Evans, Ivan J. Fernandez, Lindsey E. Rustad, Stephen A. Norton
Tb178: Methods For Evaluating Carbon Fractions In Forest Soils: A Review, Jennifer L. Evans, Ivan J. Fernandez, Lindsey E. Rustad, Stephen A. Norton
Technical Bulletins
This publication was developed as part of an effort to evaluate the existing methodologies for determining carbon fractions in soils that might be applied to the question of forest soil C sequestration. A great deal of research has been done on this topic although often focused on agronomic soils. Forest land managers will be increasingly interested in identifying methods to monitor and to evaluate the effects of forest practices on soil C reserves. As well researchers are interested in this and the logical linkages to N cycling. Ultimately practical methods that can be widely utilized will be needed; these may …
Tb169: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Mapleton, Monson, Saddelback, And Sisk Soil Map Units, Robert V. Rourke
Tb169: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Mapleton, Monson, Saddelback, And Sisk Soil Map Units, Robert V. Rourke
Technical Bulletins
Mapleton, Monson, Saddleback, and Sisk soil map units were each sampled at five locations. Soil descriptions and locations were documented in the field. Soil samples were removed from each horizon in a 30-cm square to a 100-cm depth or to bedrock whichever came first. Laboratory analyses of each soil horizon sampled included texture, volume of stones, organic content, bulk density, soil water retention, soil reaction, exchangeable cations, extractable acidity, and exchange acidity. Soil descriptions and tables of soil properties were constructed for each sample site. Soil data for each soil map unit was summarized by horizon using weighted means.
Tb164: Precipitation Chemistry At The Greenville, Maine, Nadp/Ntn Station, Ivan J. Fernandez, Llew Wortman
Tb164: Precipitation Chemistry At The Greenville, Maine, Nadp/Ntn Station, Ivan J. Fernandez, Llew Wortman
Technical Bulletins
This report details results from the Greenville, Maine, NADP/NTN site supported by the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. The site is located in Piscataquis County at 69°39'52" longitude and 45°29'23" latitude at approximately 322 m elevation. The site consists of a single Aerochem Metrics® Automatic Sensing Wet/Dry Precipitation Collector that provides samples for chemical analysis and a Belfort® Recording Rain Gage and Event Recorder for accurate determinations of precipitation volume. Samples are collected every Tuesday morning 52 weeks a year.
Tb165: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Danforth, Elliotsville, Peacham, And Penquis Soil Map Units, R. V. Rourke
Tb165: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Danforth, Elliotsville, Peacham, And Penquis Soil Map Units, R. V. Rourke
Technical Bulletins
The soils reported in this bulletin have developed in several different parent materials. The Danforth soil has developed from very deep, well drained, loose, high coarse fragment till derived from slate and fine-grained metasandstone. The Elliottsville soils have developed in moderately deep, well drained till derived from slates, metasandstones, phyllite and schists. The Penquis soils developed in moderately deep, well drained till of similar lithology as Elliottsville, but with a higher component of weathered and crushable rock fragments throughout the soil profile. Peacham soils are developed in very deep, very poorly drained, dense till derived from phyllite, schist, and granite.
Tb162: Red Maple And White Pine Litter Quality: Initial Changes With Decomposition, Mairin T. Delaney, Ivan J. Fernandez, Jeffrey A. Simmons, Russel D. Briggs
Tb162: Red Maple And White Pine Litter Quality: Initial Changes With Decomposition, Mairin T. Delaney, Ivan J. Fernandez, Jeffrey A. Simmons, Russel D. Briggs
Technical Bulletins
The specific objectives of this study were (a) to define the organic and inorganic composition of foliar litter from red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and (b) to determine the shifts in the organic and inorganic composition of these two litter types during the initial stages of decomposition. These two species were chosen because of their prominence in the northeastern U.S. and the contrast they afforded in litter quality characteristics which have a strong influence on litter decomposition.
Tb154: Phosphorus And Potassium Availability In Wood Ash-Amended Soils: An Incubation Study, Tsutomo Ohno, M. Susan Erich
Tb154: Phosphorus And Potassium Availability In Wood Ash-Amended Soils: An Incubation Study, Tsutomo Ohno, M. Susan Erich
Technical Bulletins
The objective of this study was to monitor the temporal changes in soil properties and plant availability of P and K in wood ash-amended soils during a 72-week incubation period.
Tb155: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Chesuncook, Colonel, Dixfield, And Telos Soil Map Units, R. V. Rourke
Tb155: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Chesuncook, Colonel, Dixfield, And Telos Soil Map Units, R. V. Rourke
Technical Bulletins
Changes in Soil Taxonomy in 1992 resulted in reclassification of the Chesuncook and Dixfield soils. Taxonomic placement of the Telos and Colonel soils was not changed. Soil morphology and laboratory analyses were completed for five replicates of each soil map unit. Weighted averages were developed from laboratory data to define the chemical and physical characteristics of each map unit. Data for individual sites and soils are presented.
Tb150: Water Tables, Soil Temperatures, And Morphological Characteristics In Selected Maine Soils, Paul A. Hughes, Krysztof A. Lesniewicz, Robert V. Rouke
Tb150: Water Tables, Soil Temperatures, And Morphological Characteristics In Selected Maine Soils, Paul A. Hughes, Krysztof A. Lesniewicz, Robert V. Rouke
Technical Bulletins
Water table and soil temperature data were collected from 34 soil map units representing 17 different soil series in Maine. Soil morphology was also described at each site. Water table height, soil temperature, and morphological data are presented for each map unit studied. Relationships between water table heights and duration, and the morphological characteristics of the soils are discussed.
Tb145: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Fryeburg, Lovewell, Cornish, And Charles Soil Map Units, R. V. Rourke
Tb145: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Fryeburg, Lovewell, Cornish, And Charles Soil Map Units, R. V. Rourke
Technical Bulletins
Four soil map units from the flood plains of the Saco and Androscoggin rivers were sampled at five locations each. Soil morphology was described at each site, and samples of the soil were taken for later laboratory analyses. Chemical and physical properties of the soil were analyzed in the laboratory. The morphologic and laboratory data are presented for each pedon sampled and as summaries using weighted means of laboratory data for each soil map unit. Organic carbon measurements are presented at other sites of similar drainages and positions to demonstrate the variable carbon content.
Tb138: Variability Factors Involved With Land Application Of Papermill Sludge, Charles R. Kraske, Ivan J. Fernandez
Tb138: Variability Factors Involved With Land Application Of Papermill Sludge, Charles R. Kraske, Ivan J. Fernandez
Technical Bulletins
The goal of this case study was to assess two components of variability associated with the land application of papermill sludge. These included (1) changes occurring within a temporary sludge stockpile, and (2) spatial variability of application to the site. Understanding the magnitude of such changes will assist in accounting for variability inherent in such land application operations.
Tb137: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Aurelie, Burnham, Easton, Lille, Linneus, Monadnock, Nicholville, And Tunbridge Soil Map Units, Robert V. Rourke
Tb137: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Aurelie, Burnham, Easton, Lille, Linneus, Monadnock, Nicholville, And Tunbridge Soil Map Units, Robert V. Rourke
Technical Bulletins
Eight soil map units were sampled at five locations in Maine. The morphology of each site was described and samples were taken from each pedon by horizon for laboratory analyses. Soil samples were analyzed to determine their physical and chemical properties. The data were compiled into composite soil profiles using weighted means. Soil profile descriptions accompanied by the analyses of each pedon sampled are presented.
Tb136: Methodology Development For Study Of Root Influences On Nitrogen Mineralization, M. S. Erich
Tb136: Methodology Development For Study Of Root Influences On Nitrogen Mineralization, M. S. Erich
Technical Bulletins
The current study was designed to explore a particular set of methodologies for addressing the question of whether plant root growth affects the rate of N mineralization. Specifically, the experimental design involved supplying plants with only organic N as manure and no nitrate. A highly sandy growing medium was used in an attempt to prevent overly wet conditions in the pots. In addition, instead of only comparing planted and unplanted pots, four different planting densities (0, 1, 2, 3 plants per pot ) were used as treatments.
Tb134: A Laboratory Study To Assess Methods For Predicting Ph Change Of Ash Amended Forest Soils, Yvonne L. Unger, Ivan J. Fernandez
Tb134: A Laboratory Study To Assess Methods For Predicting Ph Change Of Ash Amended Forest Soils, Yvonne L. Unger, Ivan J. Fernandez
Technical Bulletins
The objective of this study was to compare several commonly used lime requirement tests and soil capacity factors for their ability to predict pH change following wood-ash amendment. The ability to predict pH change is important because it is one of the criteria used to prescribe rates of ash amendment to forest soils.
Tb126: Vertical Trends In The Chemistry Of Forest Soil Microcosms Following Experimental Acidification, Ivan J. Fernandez
Tb126: Vertical Trends In The Chemistry Of Forest Soil Microcosms Following Experimental Acidification, Ivan J. Fernandez
Technical Bulletins
A soil microcosm experiment was conducted (a) to compare dilute H2SO4, NH4NO3 fertilizer, and prilled S as possible experimental soil-acidifying treatments and (b) to observe soil chemical response to simulated throughfall and acidifying treatments. Simulated throughfall had a significant effect on soil chemistry, resulting in increased exchangeable bases and pH in the mineral soil horizons but little effect on the O horizon. Of the acidification treatments only simulated acid rain had significant effects on soil chemistry when compared to the control and the dry treatments. This reflected the relatively slow dissolution rate of the dry treatments coupled with the short …
Tb119: Selected Relationships For Trace Metals In Maine Low Elevation Spruce-Fir Forest Floors, Ivan J. Fernandez, Miroslaw M. Czapowskyj
Tb119: Selected Relationships For Trace Metals In Maine Low Elevation Spruce-Fir Forest Floors, Ivan J. Fernandez, Miroslaw M. Czapowskyj
Technical Bulletins
Results from the analysis of trace metals in the forest floor from three study areas northern Maine commercial spruce-fir stands showed significant, positive correlations were frequently evident between ash-free concentrations of Individual pairs of trace metals. Only Pb concentrations at one location were found to vary significantly among soil drainage classes. Overall, ash-free trace metal concentrations were less than what has been found at sites receiving high loadings of atmospheric deposition in the Northeast. Few historical data are available to adequately determine if Maine forest floor trace metal concentrations are greater than the natural levels expected in commercial forests, but …
Tb118: Composition Of Precipitation At The National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (Nadp/Ntn) Site In Greenville, Maine, Ivan J. Fernandez, Llew Wortman, Stephen A. Norton
Tb118: Composition Of Precipitation At The National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (Nadp/Ntn) Site In Greenville, Maine, Ivan J. Fernandez, Llew Wortman, Stephen A. Norton
Technical Bulletins
This report presents results of the analyses of samples collected at the Greenville, Maine, NADP station. The Greenville NADP/NTN station is in Piscataquis County at longitude 69°39'52" and latitude 4S°29'23" at approximately 322 meters elevation.
Tb108: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Becket, Colton, Finch, Lyman, Masardis, Naumburg, And Skerry Soil Mapping Units, R. V. Rourke, D. C. Bull
Tb108: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Becket, Colton, Finch, Lyman, Masardis, Naumburg, And Skerry Soil Mapping Units, R. V. Rourke, D. C. Bull
Technical Bulletins
Soil morphology and soil characterization studies were done on seven soil mapping units in Maine. Soil profiles were selected, described and sampled jointly by soil scientists from the Soil Conservation Service, USDA and the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. Chemical and physical measurements of each soil mapping unit were made in the laboratory. Soil profile description and the laboratory determinations are presented for each sample site.
Tb105: The Composition Of Equilibrium Soil Solutions From Forest Soil B Horizons, Ivan J. Fernandez, Roland A. Struchtemeyer
Tb105: The Composition Of Equilibrium Soil Solutions From Forest Soil B Horizons, Ivan J. Fernandez, Roland A. Struchtemeyer
Technical Bulletins
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the composition of B horizon equilibrium soil solutions from selected Maine forest soils. The B horizon was chosen for evaluation because it (1) best expressed the weathering processes active in the soil, (2) occupied the greatest volume of the solum, (3) had the most complex chemistry of the major horizons, and (4) provided the major corridor in forested ecosystems for subsurface flow and chemical alteration of ground waters.
Tb101: The Relevance Of Option Value In Benefit-Cost Analysis, Stephen D. Reiling, Mark W. Anderson
Tb101: The Relevance Of Option Value In Benefit-Cost Analysis, Stephen D. Reiling, Mark W. Anderson
Technical Bulletins
This publication represents a review and a critical re-evaluation of the literature dealing with option value. This literature is rich and dynamic and provides a fascinating sequence of articles, comments, and rebuttals. Reevaluation of the concept requires a rather comprehensive review of this literature, which is something that has not been provided to date. The literature review is also important because the work of some authors has been systematically overlooked in the course of the debate. As a result of this oversight, the original formulation of the concept continues to be cited in the literature even though its practical significance …
Tb98: Oxygen Diffusion Rate Relationships Under Three Soil Conditions, J. Bornstein, W. E. Hedstrom, F. R. Scott
Tb98: Oxygen Diffusion Rate Relationships Under Three Soil Conditions, J. Bornstein, W. E. Hedstrom, F. R. Scott
Technical Bulletins
The objective of this study was to determine the oxygen diffusion rate (ODR)—soil moisture relationship for three sieved, root-free soils to determine if there are basic ODR-soil characteristic differences that might influence data at different soil water contents in the presence of plant roots. Advanced knowledge of ODR-soil moisture relationships would also help scientists to evaluate the effect of variation in the water table on plant growth.
Tb94: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Boothbay, Brayton, Croghan, Monarda, Plaisted, Scantic, And Swanville Soil Mapping Units, R. V. Rourke, K. A. Schmidt
Tb94: Chemical And Physical Properties Of The Boothbay, Brayton, Croghan, Monarda, Plaisted, Scantic, And Swanville Soil Mapping Units, R. V. Rourke, K. A. Schmidt
Technical Bulletins
Seven soil mapping units were each sampled at five locations within Maine. The morphology of the soil was described at each site. The profiles were sampled on a horizonal basis from the soil surface to a depth of 100 cm. The soil samples were taken to the laboratory where their chemical and physical properties were determined. Weighted means and weighted standard deviations were determined for several soil properties. Soil profile descriptions and chemical and physical soil data are presented for each sample site.
Tb91: The Effect Of Acidity, Organic Matter, And Sesquioxide Polymers On The Permanet Charge And Ph-Dependent Cation Exchange Capacity Of The Caribou Loam Soil., D. N. Brown, F. E. Hutchinson
Tb91: The Effect Of Acidity, Organic Matter, And Sesquioxide Polymers On The Permanet Charge And Ph-Dependent Cation Exchange Capacity Of The Caribou Loam Soil., D. N. Brown, F. E. Hutchinson
Technical Bulletins
In this study the components of cation exchange capacity (CEC) were measured in an acid spodosol to determine (1) the increase in KC1-CEC in the whole soil when limed, (2) the contribution of the organic fraction to CEC, and (3) the magnitude of CEC reduction by Al and Fe polymers.