Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Introducing R, Lawrence Leemis

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

R is an open source programming language and interactive programming environment that has become the software tool of choice in data analytics. Learning Base R provides an introduction to the language for those with and without prior programming experience. It introduces the key topics that you will need to begin analyzing data and programming in R. The focus here is on the R language rather than a particular application. Within the text, there are 200 exercises to assess your R skills.

Postpandemic Outlook For Organized Criminal Activities: Agility Across The Physical, Social, And Cyber Spaces, Jim Jones, Anthony Stefanidis

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

The global COVID-19 pandemic and response affected every aspect of our society, including the activities of criminal organizations. In this chapter, we discuss several examples of criminal organization agility during the pandemic, drawn from the physical, social, and cyber domains. We assess that criminal organizations are emerging from the pandemic stronger than before, the pandemic presents a unique opportunity to study criminal organization agility, and criminal organizations are more exposed after their pandemic-driven adjustments. We also assess that this adjusted criminal activity and other factors, including risky operations that expose discoverable data, create investigative opportunities that will enable a deeper …

Analytical Chemistry Of Plastic Debris: Sampling, Methods, And Instrumentation, Robert C. Hale, Meredith E. Seeley, Ashley E. King, Lehuan H. Yu

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Approaches for the collection and analysis of plastic debris in environmental matrices are rapidly evolving. Such plastics span a continuum of sizes, encompassing large (macro-), medium (micro-, typically defined as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm), and smaller (nano-) plastics. All are of environmental relevance. Particle sizes are dynamic. Large plastics may fragment over time, while smaller particles may agglomerate in the field. The diverse morphologies (fragment, fiber, sphere) and chemical compositions of microplastics further complicate their characterization. Fibers are of growing interest and present particular analytical challenges due to their narrow profiles. Compositional classes of emerging concern include …

Random Sampling, Lawrence Leemis

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

Mathematical Statistics describes the mathematical underpinnings associated with the practice of statistics. The pre-requisite for this book is a calculus-based course in probability. Nearly 200 figures and dozens of Monte Carlo simulation experiments in R help develop the intuition behind the statistical methods. Real-world problems from a wide range of fields help the reader apply the statistical methods. Over 300 exercises are used to reinforce concepts and make this book appropriate for classroom use.

The table of contents for this book is given below.

1. Random Sampling 2. Point Estimation 3. Interval Estimation 4. Hypothesis Testing

Regenerative Ionic Currents And Bistability, Gregory D. Conradi Smith

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

What every neuroscientist should know about the mathematical modeling of excitable cells. Combining empirical physiology and nonlinear dynamics, this text provides an introduction to the simulation and modeling of dynamic phenomena in cell biology and neuroscience. It introduces mathematical modeling techniques alongside cellular electrophysiology. Topics include membrane transport and diffusion, the biophysics of excitable membranes, the gating of voltage and ligand-gated ion channels, intracellular calcium signalling, and electrical bursting in neurons and other excitable cell types. It introduces mathematical modeling techniques such as ordinary differential equations, phase plane, and bifurcation analysis of single-compartment neuron models. With analytical and computational problem …

Shrinking Suburbs In A Time Of Crisis, Justin B. Hollander, Colin Polsky, Dan Zinder, Daniel M. Runfola

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

The Routledge Companion to the Suburbs provides one of the most comprehensive examinations available to date of the suburbs around the world. International in scope and interdisciplinary in nature, this volume will serve as the definitive reference for scholars and students of the suburbs.

This volume brings together the leading scholars of the suburbs researching in different parts of the world to better understand how and why suburbs and their communities grow, decline, and regenerate. The volume sets out four goals: 1) to provide a synthesis and critical appraisal of the historical and current state of understanding about the development …

Introduction To "Probability", Lawrence Leemis

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

This calculus-based introduction to probability covers all of the traditional topics, along with a secondary emphasis on Monte Carlo simulation. Examples that introduce applications from a wide range of fields help the reader apply probability theory to real-world problems. The text covers all of the topics associated with Exam P given by the Society of Actuaries. Over 100 figures highlight the intuitive and geometric aspects of probability. Over 800 exercises are used to reinforce concepts and make this text appropriate for classroom use.

Atlantic Coast And Inner Shelf, David E. Krantz, Carl H. Hobbs Iii, Geoffrey L. Wikel

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The continental margin of Virginia, and of North America more broadly, is the physical transition from the high elevation of the continent to the low of the ocean basin. This transition was created as rifting pulled apart the ancient supercontinent Pangaea to create the Atlantic Ocean basin. Tectonic forces fractured and stretched the bedrock to create a stair-step ramp that subsequently would be mantled with sediment built up by erosion and transport off the continent.

The Coastal Plain and Continental Shelf of Virginia are contiguous and discrete physiographic provinces of the continental margin delimited by the present elevation of sea …

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 30, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

A Look Back at Tidal Shoreline Management

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 29, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

No abstract provided.

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 28, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

No abstract provided.

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 27, No. 2, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

Tidal Marsh Inventories

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 27, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

Sea Level Rise - State of the Science

Arithmetic, Lawrence Leemis

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

Transitioning to Calculus is a comprehensive compilation of the mathematical concepts and formulas that are required of students entering their first class in calculus. The essentials of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, analytic geometry, trigonometry, and complex variables are organized into separate chapters. The purpose of this book is to provide a succinct but comprehensive list of the topics required of students entering calculus. Over 100 figures highlight the intuitive and geometric aspects of the formulas and concepts. Each chapter ends with a series of exercises (with space provided for working out a solution) that are designed to reinforce the application of …

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 26, No. 2, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

Comprehensive Coastal Resource Management Plans

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 26, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

No abstract provided.

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 25, No. 2, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

CCRM Living Shorelines Website Update

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 25, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

Coastal Management Decision Tools

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 24, No. 2, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

Current Issues in Coastal Resources

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 24, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

VIMS Advisory 2009/Shifting Sands: Beaches and Dunes

Lower Confidence Bounds For System Reliability From Binary Failure Data Using Bootstrapping, Lawrence Leemis

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

We consider the problem of determining a (1 – A) 100% lower confidence bound on the system reliability for a coherent system of k components using the failure data (yi, ni), where yi is the number of components of type i that pass the test and ni is the number of components of type i on test, i1, 2, …, k. We assume throughout that the components fail independently, e.g. no common-cause failures. The outline of the article is as follows. We begin with the case of a single (k1) component system where n components are placed on a test …

A Population Density Model Of The Driven Lgn/Pgn, Marco A. Huertas, Gregory D. Smith

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

The interaction of two populations of integrate-and-fire-or-burst neurons representing thalamocortical cells from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and thalamic reticular cells from the perigeniculate nucleus (PGN) is studied using a population density approach. A two-dimensional probability density function that evolves according to a time-dependent advection-reaction equation gives the distribution of cells in each population over the membrane potential and de-inactivation level of a low-threshold calcium current. In the absence of retinal drive, the population density network model exhibits rhythmic bursting. In the presence of constant retinal input, the aroused LGN/PGN population density model displays a wide range of responses …

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 23, No. 2, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

No abstract provided.

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 23, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

On the road with CCRM

Six Fish And 600,000 Thirsty Folks—A Fishing Moratorium On American Shad Thwarts A Controversial Municipal Reservoir Project In Virginia, Usa, J. E. Olney, Donna M. Bilkovic, Carl Hershner, Lyle M. Varnell, Harry V. Wang, Roger L. Mann

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Moratoria on fishing directly impact fishers, distributors and marketers of product and can have serious socio-economic implications. Moratoria can impact communities but usually populations closely linked to the banned activity. In an unprecedented example, a moratorium on fishing in Virginia has directly impacted a nonfishing citizenry by thwarting plans for a public utility. In May 2003, a panel empowered to regulate marine resources denied permission to withdraw raw water from a pristine freshwater river, the Mattaponi. The controversial action spoiled a multi-million dollar plan to establish the King William Reservoir, a water source considered essential to future growth and development …

A Comparison Of Structural And Nonstructural Methods For Erosion Control And Providing Habitat In Virginia Salt Marshes, Karen A. Duhring

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Shoreline stabilization methods that emphasize the use of tidal marshes and riparian vegetation are encouraged as a baseline defense for tidal shoreline erosion in Virginia. The effectiveness of three of these methods in preventing erosion and providing habitat was evaluated, including marsh stabilization structures (marsh toe revetments and sills), planted tidal marshes, and bank grading. This evaluation includes results from a recent field survey of 36 tidal marsh stabilization structures, permitting records, and other monitoring data. Marsh structures effectively reduced erosion of fringing and embayed marshes but were not as effective for gradually disappearing spit marshes. Adverse impacts of restricted …

Overview Of Living Shoreline Design Options For Erosion Protection On Tidal Shorelines, Karen A. Duhring

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The term “living shoreline” was recently associated with particular types of shoreline stabilization methods that emphasize the use of natural habitat features such as deeply rooted riparian vegetation, vegetated wetlands, and sand beaches. This overview of living shoreline design options for tidal tributaries describes six nonstructural and four “hybrid” or structural methods for erosion protection. Structures are included with living shoreline design options to make habitat restoration or creation possible without substantial impacts to tidal exchange or habitat functions. The use and effectiveness of other methods not included in this summary are still under investigation, such as oyster shell reefs …

Current Understanding Of The Effectiveness Of Nonstructural And Marsh Sill Approaches, Bhaskaran Subramanian, Gene Slear, Kevin M. Smith, Karen A. Duhring

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

A panel session at the Living Shorelines Summit in Williamsburg, Virginia was dedicated to the current understanding of the effectiveness of nonstructural erosion protection methods and marsh sills. Four panelists described their professional experience with either design and construction or monitoring of projects in tidal waters of Maryland and Virginia, including marsh edge stabilization (marsh toe revetments), marsh sills with sand fill, and planted marshes. Their collective experience revealed that planted tidal marshes and supporting structures can be effective alternatives to revetments and bulkheads. Site-specific engineering is required to ensure they provide functional ecological benefits, particularly in medium and high …

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 22, No. 2, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

The Big Picture: Managing Wetland from a Shoreline Perspective

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 22, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

Sea Level Rise & Other Coastal Hazards - Living on the Edge Tidal Wetlands and Sea Level Rise: Where’s the Marsh?