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Articles 1 - 30 of 140
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Using Genetics To Assess Differentiation Among Raccoons In An Area With Variable Rabies Status In Alabama, Shylo Johnson, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Melissa Neubaum, Mike Dunbar
Using Genetics To Assess Differentiation Among Raccoons In An Area With Variable Rabies Status In Alabama, Shylo Johnson, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Melissa Neubaum, Mike Dunbar
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
The western spread of raccoon rabies in Alabama has been slow and even appears to regress eastward periodically. While the disease has been present in the state for over 30 years, areas in northwest Alabama are devoid of raccoon rabies. This variation resulting in an enzootic area of raccoon rabies primarily in southeastern Alabama may be due to landscape features that hinder the movement of raccoons (i.e., gene flow) among different locations. We used 11 raccoon-specific microsatellite markers to obtain individual genotypes to examine gene flow among areas that were rabies free, enzootic with rabies, or had only sporadic reports …
Vole Problems, Management Options, And Research Needs In The United States, Gary W. Witmer, Nathan P. Snow, L. Humberg, T. Salmon
Vole Problems, Management Options, And Research Needs In The United States, Gary W. Witmer, Nathan P. Snow, L. Humberg, T. Salmon
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Voles (Microtus spp.) are ubiquitous to the northern hemisphere. Numerous species occur in North America and several species cause significant damage of various types: food crops, livestock forage production (e.g., alfalfa), nursery trees, reforestation, orchards, rangeland forage, and damage to lawns, golf courses and ground cover. Much research has been conducted with voles and a number of management options have been developed, including habitat manipulation, rodenticides, traps, repellents, barriers, supplemental feeding, and increased natural predation. However, significant damage still occurs because voles are not easily managed. Voles are small and secretive, prolific, active year-round, able to exploit refugia, and …
Methodology To Estimate Cost Savings Associated With The Use Of Trap Monitor Systems By Wildlife Services, Karen Gebhardt, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Bruce Leland, Dusty Hatchett, Mike J. Bodenchuk
Methodology To Estimate Cost Savings Associated With The Use Of Trap Monitor Systems By Wildlife Services, Karen Gebhardt, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Bruce Leland, Dusty Hatchett, Mike J. Bodenchuk
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Legislative changes to regulations surrounding the use of traps and other capture devices have unambiguously impacted the manner in which these devices can be used. In many cases the revisions to trapping legislation have resulted in shortened trap check intervals. This change has increased the costs of using capture devices and decreased the efficiency of Wildlife Services (WS) specialists working in the field. The use of trap monitors may result in cost savings and increased efficiency. Trap monitor systems function as a remote notification system that can identify trap status. These monitor systems can be used as an alternative to …
Trends In Summer Coyote And Wolf Predation On Sheep In Idaho During A Period Of Wolf Recovery, Alegra Galle, Mark Collinge, Richard Engeman
Trends In Summer Coyote And Wolf Predation On Sheep In Idaho During A Period Of Wolf Recovery, Alegra Galle, Mark Collinge, Richard Engeman
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Before the reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) to Idaho in 1995–1996, the primary depredation problem for livestock producers in summer was coyote (Canis latrans) predation on sheep and lambs. Since the reintroduction and biological recovery of wolves in Idaho, wolf predation on livestock has become a bigger problem in some areas than coyote predation. We evaluated trends in predation on sheep by coyotes and wolves in Idaho during the summer months, when most sheep are grazed on United States Forest Service (USFS) grazing allotments and are most vulnerable to wolf predation. An analysis of the …
A Field-Test Of Rhodamine B As A Biomarker In Raccoons, Tricia Fry, Tara Baranowski, Brandi Hughey, Mike Dunbar
A Field-Test Of Rhodamine B As A Biomarker In Raccoons, Tricia Fry, Tara Baranowski, Brandi Hughey, Mike Dunbar
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Rhodamine B is a dye that when ingested results in fluorescent bands in growing hair and whiskers of many mammals. Previous research at Wildlife Services’ (WS) National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) found that rhodamine B is a successful biomarker in raccoon whiskers and that raccoons do not have a taste aversion to the dye when it comprises ≤ 3% of a bait. Our study assessed the ease of bait distribution, whisker collection, and evaluation of the biomarker for potential use in the Oral Rabies Vaccination (ORV) program administered by the WS National Rabies Management Program (NRMP). In collaboration with WS …
Habitat And Bird Communities At Small Airports In The Midwestern Usa, Travis L. Devault, Jacob Kubel, Olin E. Rhodes Jr., Richard Dolbeer
Habitat And Bird Communities At Small Airports In The Midwestern Usa, Travis L. Devault, Jacob Kubel, Olin E. Rhodes Jr., Richard Dolbeer
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Despite a substantial amount of information available on bird and other wildlife strikes at large international airports, relatively few researchers have considered bird hazards at smaller general aviation (GA) airports and airfields. However, small airports often are located in rural areas, and the potential for wildlife strikes may be significant, especially because airworthiness standards related to bird strikes are much less stringent for GA aircraft compared to commercial aircraft. In this study, we conducted habitat assessments (onsite land-cover evaluations and Geographic Information System analyses) and seasonal bird surveys (walking transects) over a period of 1 year at 10 small airports …
Human Dimensions Of Invasive Vertebrate Species Management, Gary W. Witmer, G. M. Keirn, N. Hawley, C. Martin, J. K. Reaser
Human Dimensions Of Invasive Vertebrate Species Management, Gary W. Witmer, G. M. Keirn, N. Hawley, C. Martin, J. K. Reaser
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Invasive vertebrate species can cause substantial damage to natural resources, property, crops, livestock, and pose a disease hazard to humans, native wildlife and domestic animals. Numerous island species have become extinct or are threatened with extinction from invasive species. The high rate of invasive species introductions continues because of the large volumes of world trade and international travel. Humans are often responsible for introductions, but are also the key to their prevention, management, and eradication. However, many of the values and perceptions of invasive species vary among humans. Hence, the prevention and control of invasive vertebrates often requires adjusting human …
Evolving Bird Management Research At The Usda Wildlife Service’S National Wildlife Research Center, Mark Tobin
Evolving Bird Management Research At The Usda Wildlife Service’S National Wildlife Research Center, Mark Tobin
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
As the methods-development arm of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Wildlife Services program, the National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is charged with developing tools and information for protecting agriculture, human health and safety, and property from problems caused by wildlife, including birds. Increasingly the NWRC is being asked to provide basic ecological information on the population status of various bird species, and its role is expanding from a reactive one of providing management options to that of predicting long-term implications of various management actions. This paper describes several areas of research by NWRC scientists to address population-level questions in support …
An Overview Of The International Beaver Ecology And Management Workshop, Jimmy Taylor Ii, David Bergman, Dale L. Nolte
An Overview Of The International Beaver Ecology And Management Workshop, Jimmy Taylor Ii, David Bergman, Dale L. Nolte
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
On 9–12 October 2007, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services (WS) hosted the International Beaver Ecology and Management Workshop in Chandler, Arizona. The workshop was jointly sponsored by the Multi-City Sub-Regional Operations Group (SROG), Tres Rios Ecosystem Restoration and Flood Control Project and WS. The SROG management is comprised of representatives from the cities of Phoenix, Mesa, Glendale, Scottsdale, and Tempe. The workshop emphasized the management of beaver, their ecology, the part they play as a keystone species, and the issues they cause as an invasive species outside of the United States. The …
Black Bear Activity And Visitation Patterns At Human Food Sources In Utah, Dustin Ranglack, Kari Signor, Kevin Bunnell, John Shivik
Black Bear Activity And Visitation Patterns At Human Food Sources In Utah, Dustin Ranglack, Kari Signor, Kevin Bunnell, John Shivik
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Bear activity and behaviors in areas of human use or proximity require research because of significant and potentially dangerous conflicts between humans and bears. Previous studies in areas of the country outside of Utah determined that black bears (Ursus americanus) tend to exhibit diurnal or crepuscular activity patterns. Activity patterns, however, may be influenced by humans, especially in urbanized landscapes or in areas such as campgrounds where anthropogenic food resources are available. Our study objectives were to determine bear activity schedules and changes in visitation patterns to regularly supplied anthropogenic food sites in the La Sal Mountains of …
Suburban Coyote Management And Research Needs: A Northeast Perspective, Paul D. Curtis, Daniel A. Bogan, Gordon Batcheller
Suburban Coyote Management And Research Needs: A Northeast Perspective, Paul D. Curtis, Daniel A. Bogan, Gordon Batcheller
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Several factors may be responsible for increasing predator abundance in suburbia. These include an enhanced forage base associated with residential sprawl, and protection of predator species that were once persecuted and suppressed by hunters, trappers, and landowners. In the Northeast, anecdotal reports of coyotes (Canis latrans) killing pets in backyards are on the rise. The bulk of coyote complaints, concerns, and questions received from the public by state wildlife agencies are from areas with high human populations. Scant research exists on coyote behavioral ecology in human-altered landscapes. Biologists and managers need to understand changes in the social structure …
Twelfth Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Twelfth Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
The Twelfth Wildlife Damage Management Conference will be held Monday through Thursday, April 9-12, 2007, in the Omni Corpus Christi Hotel, in Corpus Christi, Texas. The Conference features 2 days of selected speakers covering aspects of wildlife damage management and control, plus 5 optional field trips on April 12th.
A Review Of Successful Urban Coyote Management Programs Implemented To Prevent Or Reduce Attacks On Humans And Pets In Southern California, Rex O. Baker
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Since the fatal coyote (Canis latrans) attack on a 3-year-old girl in Glendale, California in 1981, government agencies have emphasized developing coyote management programs to increase public safety. This presentation will focus on the success of numerous programs including: small neighborhoods, industrial sites, parks, large city and county-wide projects. Local environmental conditions attracting coyotes, specific problems caused by the coyotes, public reaction, and the role of public relations including public education emphasizing environmental management, will be discussed. Coyote population monitoring regarding behavior patterns, aversive conditioning, and coyote population reduction methods will be reviewed. Trapping remains the most effective …
Assessing The Impact Of Urban Coyote On People And Pets In Austin, Travis County, Texas, Randy O. Farrar
Assessing The Impact Of Urban Coyote On People And Pets In Austin, Travis County, Texas, Randy O. Farrar
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
The City of Austin acquires citizen reports of coyote (Canis latrans) observations or complaints through a toll-free non-emergency 311 telephone call system. The observed coyote behavior or activity reported by constituents is categorized into one of eight behavioral categories that correlate with observed changes in coyote behavior indicating an increasing risk to human safety. The categorical data is used to formulate indices of coyote behavior for accessing and monitoring the relative risk of urban coyotes to human safety over time. Behavioral indices with respect to established management zones are used to prioritize and target areas for preventing or …
Ecology Of Coyotes In Urban Landscapes, Stanley D. Gehrt
Ecology Of Coyotes In Urban Landscapes, Stanley D. Gehrt
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Coyotes (Canis latrans) have become common in many metropolitan areas across the United States. Recent research has focused on the urban ecology of coyotes to better our understanding of how they exist in urbanized landscapes. I summarize findings from a variety of ecological studies of coyotes in or near metropolitan areas, and focus on three areas of coyote ecology: survival rates, home range/activity, and food habits. Most studies have reported relatively high survival rates (annual S = 0.62 - 0.74), with vehicle collisions often a common cause of mortality. Size of coyote home ranges (mean home range sizes …
Coyote Symposium Summary – From The Private Industry Perspective, Tim J. Julien
Coyote Symposium Summary – From The Private Industry Perspective, Tim J. Julien
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
As a summary of the session, all I can say is that it has been a big success. I would like to thank Bob Timm for including us in the organization of the coyote symposium, and Art Smith and others in TWS as a whole for getting the private industry involved with the Conference.
The Current Regulatory Environment Of Urban Coyote Control - A Private Wco Perspective, Claude Oleyar
The Current Regulatory Environment Of Urban Coyote Control - A Private Wco Perspective, Claude Oleyar
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Social, political, and legal considerations have contributed to an unfavorable regulatory environment for lethal control of urban coyotes (Canis latrans). I analyze and break adown that environment from a Wildlife Control Operator (WCO) perspective. Currently 3 significant factors frame the issue but a 4th could be emerging. First, our hands are tied: I use the situation in Colorado to illustrate the point. Compounding factors include the need for a paradigm shift in how rules are derived, the lag-time factor in agency response to issues, and the tendency toward bureaucracy/over-regulation. Second, human dimensions rule: I critique the downside of …
Response To Coyote Predation On Pets, Dorinda Pulliam
Response To Coyote Predation On Pets, Dorinda Pulliam
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
An urban coyote (Canis latrans) management program was initiated in Austin, Texas in January 2005 to address citizen’s concerns that coyotes were becoming aggressive towards humans. Although preserving public safety is the fundamental foundation for the program, concomitant program objectives have evolved to include addressing citizens’ high levels of concern regarding predation and attacks on house pets. From the citizen’s perspective, it is unacceptable to ignore this issue, and demands for responsiveness have been heavy. The City of Austin’s program has responded to this public concern in two ways. First, coyote conflicts involving pets are included in the …
My Experience: Setting Up An Urban Campaign Or Trapping Project For Urban Coyote Management, Dairen Simpson
My Experience: Setting Up An Urban Campaign Or Trapping Project For Urban Coyote Management, Dairen Simpson
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
I discuss my personal experience in urban coyote (Canis latrans) management, including the following elements: 1) necessary liaisons and alliances (who are they?); 2) choosing methodology (pluses and minuses of each option); 3) necessity for target selectivity and minimal time at site (knowing when to quit, and ways to know); 4) public contact and on-site education for all concerned; 5) inter-agency contact and communication (remaining allies through the thick of it); 6) media communication; 7) following up actively after incidents or control work; and 8) examples of train wrecks and successes.
Urban Coyotes: A States’ Perspective, Scott Smith
Urban Coyotes: A States’ Perspective, Scott Smith
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
The author summarizes the information presented and discussed during the Urban Coyote Symposium from a state wildlife agency’s perspective. He notes the need to consider such management challenges not only from a biological, but also from a human dimensions perspective.
Coyotebytes.Org: A New Educational Web Site, Robert M. Timm
Coyotebytes.Org: A New Educational Web Site, Robert M. Timm
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
A web site, www.CoyoteBytes.org, has been developed as a tool to provide sciencebased management recommendations to homeowners and municipal officials on methods to reduce conflicts with coyotes (Canis latrans) in urban and suburban areas. Such conflicts include aggression toward or attacks on children and adults; attacks on pet dogs and cats; attacks on hobby animals, such as poultry, sheep, and goats; and damage to drip irrigation systems, garden crops, and to other resources. In addition to providing information, the website allows individuals to upload photos or video clips of urban and suburban coyotes, and to submit firsthand reports …
Missing Cats, Stray Coyotes: One Citizen’S Perspective, Judith C. Webster
Missing Cats, Stray Coyotes: One Citizen’S Perspective, Judith C. Webster
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
The author explores the issue of urban coyotes and coyote management from a cat owner’s perspective, with specific examples from Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Following a personal encounter with two coyotes in July 2005 that led to the death of a cat, the author has delved into the history of Vancouver’s “Co-existing with Coyotes”, a government-funded program run by a nonprofit ecological society. The policy’s roots in conservation biology, the environmental movement, and the human dimensions branch of wildlife management are documented. The author contends that “Co-existing with Coyotes” puts people and pets at greater risk of attack by its inadequate …
Impacts Of Urban Coyotes On People And Pets In New York State, Louis T. Berchielli
Impacts Of Urban Coyotes On People And Pets In New York State, Louis T. Berchielli
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Coyotes (Canis latrans) are currently common in most of New York State with an apparent increase of coyotes in urban areas. Coyotes can potentially cause a variety of effects and impacts. Urban coyotes can impact the general public by causing safety concerns for children and pets and by causing feelings of grief for attacked and missing pets. Politicians and government agencies can be impacted by calls from constituents to “do something”. Licensed Nuisance Wildlife Control Operators can be positively impacted by significant business opportunities. Pets are impacted by coyote diseases and by being chased and consumed by coyotes. …
Management Of Urban Coyotes And Attacks In Green Valley, Pima County, Arizona, Christopher D. Carrillo, Jim Schmidt, David Bergman, Gabriel Paz
Management Of Urban Coyotes And Attacks In Green Valley, Pima County, Arizona, Christopher D. Carrillo, Jim Schmidt, David Bergman, Gabriel Paz
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Coyote (Canis latrans) attacks on humans, once thought to be rare, have increased in frequency over the past decade. In Arizona, the number of wildlife human encounters has increased as our urban environments have expanded into the coyote’s natural environment. Coyotes have learned to utilize drip irrigation, pet food, household refuse, and pets as prey. The problem of potential coyote attacks is magnified when people intentionally feed coyotes. In some situations, coyotes have begun to act aggressively toward humans, chasing joggers/walkers, confronting people walking their dogs, and stalking small children. People who live in areas where coyotes are …
The Urban Coyote Control Program, Robert J. Erickson
The Urban Coyote Control Program, Robert J. Erickson
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
This paper discusses practical considerations of conducting control of problem coyotes (Canis latrans) in urban and suburban settings, from the standpoint of a private wildlife control operator. The author provides advice on dealing with municipalities, the media, the public, and with clientele. Also discussed are appropriate tools and materials that can be effective in such settings, and effective strategies for dealing with suburban coyote problems.
Urban Coyotes: Some Summary Thoughts, Jeffrey S. Green
Urban Coyotes: Some Summary Thoughts, Jeffrey S. Green
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services program provides services on request to help alleviate damage by wildlife to agriculture, natural resources and human health and safety. Such services may also involve dealing with coyotes (Canis latrans) in urban settings. Resolving problems with urban coyotes requires a mix of suitable methods but perhaps more importantly, an understanding of complex social and cultural issues surrounding people and wildlife.
Suitable And Effective Coyote Control Tools For The Urban/Suburban Setting, Alan A. Huot, David L. Bergman
Suitable And Effective Coyote Control Tools For The Urban/Suburban Setting, Alan A. Huot, David L. Bergman
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
Increases in the incidence of human conflict with coyotes in urban/suburban environments fuel a need for suitable coyote tools and methods to reduce these conflicts. Traditional tools, such as foothold traps and snares, face continued problems of acceptability in urban/suburban situations because of public anxiety about the risks to non-targets as well as other animal welfare concerns. We review the major categories of methods and tools used to prevent or reduce urban coyote-human conflicts, including exclusion (fencing), environmental and habitat modification, capture devices (traps, snares, and related devices), and shooting. We briefly discuss future technologies current under development: fertility control, …
Controlling Coyotes In An Urban Environment – Effective Evaluation Of Requests By The General Public For Control Services, Tim J. Julien
Controlling Coyotes In An Urban Environment – Effective Evaluation Of Requests By The General Public For Control Services, Tim J. Julien
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
(Canis latrans) in urban/suburban environments continues to increase countrywide. These incidents have created a need for a systematic means of evaluating the perceived need for control to determine first if control is necessary and would it be effective in solving the problem. Generally we have found the public is uninformed and surprised by their first sighting or encounter with coyotes. We have taken an approach that allows us to evaluate the clients concerns and enable us to make recommendations to them on possible control methods that might be effective, practical, and economically feasible for any given situation. Most …
Operational Challenges Of Solving Urban Coyote Problems In Southern California, Dennis L. Orthmeyer, Terrance A. Cox, John W. Turman, Joe R. Bennett
Operational Challenges Of Solving Urban Coyote Problems In Southern California, Dennis L. Orthmeyer, Terrance A. Cox, John W. Turman, Joe R. Bennett
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
We present challenges, methodologies, and solutions related to mitigating urban coyote (Canis latrans) problems in southern California. The physical environment, the diverse urban structure (green belts and parks) with its abundant food resources which support high coyote densities, combined with the human component (behavior, urbanization, politics) create operational challenges. The increasing disconnect between humans and wildlife, coyote emigration/immigration into the increasing rural/urban interface, and coyote life cycles that occur exclusively in urban environments, all contribute to the increase in coyote-human conflicts. California’s southern counties’ human population has expanded 13% over the period from 1990-2000 and is projected to …
Bad Dogs: Why Do Coyotes And Other Canids Become Unruly?, Robert H. Schmidt, Robert M. Timm
Bad Dogs: Why Do Coyotes And Other Canids Become Unruly?, Robert H. Schmidt, Robert M. Timm
Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings
We summarize the behavior of several species of canids (coyotes, dingoes, and gray wolves) in relation to their habituation to humans and to human food sources. Striking parallels exist between coyotes and other wild canids in terms of the inclination of individual animals to act aggressively toward humans and even attack, once they have come to associate humans with food. We describe the stages of coyotes’ behavioral adaptation to suburban ecosystems, listing 7 steps toward increasing habituation, which can be used as action thresholds for invoking active coyote management or removal efforts. We consider the hypothesis that coyotes may regard …