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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An Evaluation Of Breakaway Snares For Use In Coyote Control, Robert L. Phillips, F. Sherman Blom, Richard E. Johnson
An Evaluation Of Breakaway Snares For Use In Coyote Control, Robert L. Phillips, F. Sherman Blom, Richard E. Johnson
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Seven types of breakaway snares were evaluated for breaking strength and variability using a universal testing machine. Maximum tension before breakage for individual snares ranged from 142 to 486 pounds. Sheet metal locks which ripped out, and S-hooks which straightened, provided the least variable results. Coyotes (Canis latrans), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), domestic calves and lambs were tested to determine the tension loads they applied to snares. Differences in tension loads among coyotes and nontarget species should allow for the development of snares that will consistently hold coyotes and release most larger nontarget animals.
Wild Hog Management Program At Great Smoky Mountains National Park, John D. Peine, Jane Allen Farmer
Wild Hog Management Program At Great Smoky Mountains National Park, John D. Peine, Jane Allen Farmer
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Over the last 30 years the wild hog population control program at Great Smoky Mountains National Park has experienced steady growth. The evolution has been relatively slow, and it was not until the latter part of the 1980s that sufficient funds were available to make a serious attempt at control measures. Over the years, the research program has focused on the biology of the wild hog; its reproductive rate; feeding and movement patterns; and its impact on the fauna, flora, and soils of the park. In addition, a major project was conducted to evaluate attractants and baits to increase the …
Rabies Control For Urban Foxes, Skunks, And Raccoons, Richard C. Rosatte, Michael J. Power, Charles D. Macinnes, Kenneth F. Lawson
Rabies Control For Urban Foxes, Skunks, And Raccoons, Richard C. Rosatte, Michael J. Power, Charles D. Macinnes, Kenneth F. Lawson
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Rabies is currently enzootic in many cities of southern Ontario. The Ministry of Natural Resources is utilizing two different tactics for the control of rabies in urban wildlife rabies vectors-oral immunization with baits (foxes) and vaccination by injection following live-capture (skunks and raccoons). Between 47 and 79% of the skunks and 61 and 76% of the raccoons were captured and vaccinated (Imrab) in a 60-km2 urban area of Metropolitan Toronto during 1987, 1989. Only three cases of rabies in skunks have been reported since control began in 1987. Population increases of 120% for skunks and 40% for raccoons were noted …
Its A Fact! Its A Phact!, Harlan R. Shuhler
Its A Fact! Its A Phact!, Harlan R. Shuhler
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
To reduce the costs of providing development assistance in agriculture to the people in the Developing Countries, an international "Post-Harvest Agriculture Computer Teleconference" has been available now for more than 15 months. Suitably supplemented with electronic computer communications networks and their E-mail, these tools allow relatively inexpensive assistance. This combination offers many advantages to the organizations offering assistance and those needing help.
Roaming, Stray, And Feral Domestic Cats And Dogs As Wildlife Problems, Bessel D. Van't Woudt
Roaming, Stray, And Feral Domestic Cats And Dogs As Wildlife Problems, Bessel D. Van't Woudt
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
From several centers of domestication, cats and dogs have become the near-ubiquitous companion of man. Their dependence on man is such that when abandoned in a rural environment most succumb to malnutrition in combination with predation, diseases, parasites, and exposure. Where not subject to predation and where native or introduced prey is adequate, some survive to form feral populations. This applies on oceanic islands, in Australia and New Zealand. Elsewhere, as far as is known today, requirements for survival are met with in parts of the U.S. and Europe only, in remote wilderness areas in the case of dogs, and …
Rancher Use Of Livestock Protection Collars In Texas, Murray T. Walton
Rancher Use Of Livestock Protection Collars In Texas, Murray T. Walton
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
With U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's approval of certification and training of sodium monofluoroacetate (Compound 1080) Livestock Protection Collar applicators by the Texas Department of Agriculture in April 1988, use of collars by ranchers was made possible. This paper presents data from 1988 and 1989 on use of Livestock Protection Collars to protect domestic sheep and goats subject to coyote (Canis latrans) predation. Information concerning coyote puncture of collars, loss of collars to other factors, and targeting strategies used by ranchers are discussed. Success of collar use is compared to other predator control methods used by ranchers.
Use Of Alpha-Chloralose To Remove Waterfowl From Nuisance And Damage Situations, Paul P. Woronecki, Richard A. Dolbeer, Thomas W. Seamans
Use Of Alpha-Chloralose To Remove Waterfowl From Nuisance And Damage Situations, Paul P. Woronecki, Richard A. Dolbeer, Thomas W. Seamans
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
From 1988 through early 1990 alpha-chloralose (A-C) was successfully used in the United States to immobilize and remove 70 Canada Geese (Branta canadensis), 315 mallard, domestic and hybrid ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), and 348 coots (Fulica Americana) from 17 commercial and residential sites including golf courses, pools, and ponds. Field trials and baiting techniques with bread and corn are described. The optimum dose of A-C for geese, ducks, and coots, using orally administered bread and corn baits, was about 20-30 mg/kg. We are currently pursuing registration of A-C as a bird control chemical with the …
Plague In The U.S.: Present And Future, Allan M. Barnes
Plague In The U.S.: Present And Future, Allan M. Barnes
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
An increasing trend in the frequency of human bubonic plague cases in the United States, the principal sources of human infection, and emerging control techniques are described. Development of an integrated control program involving public health education, citizen participation in plague surveillance, and insecticidal control of flea vectors in response to evidence of plague and potential human exposure substantially reduced human plague cases in a Bernalillo County, New Mexico, hyperendemic plague area. Permethrin 0.5% dust (Pyraperm 455) applied at a rate of 7 g per burrow was found to provide effective control of flea vectors for at least 6 weeks.
Development, Use, And Benefits Of The Animal Damage Control Management Information System, Darlene G. Blaney
Development, Use, And Benefits Of The Animal Damage Control Management Information System, Darlene G. Blaney
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Animal Damage Control (ADC) Management Information System (MIS) is in the process of being updated to a relational database format on an IBM-compatible microcomputer. The background of the MIS, the development process, the information that is collected, how the information is used by program managers, and the cost benefits of the automated system are addressed.
A Management Information System For The Control Of Pest Animals And Plants In Victoria, Australia, James K. Backholer, David W.A. Lane, Eric A. Ward
A Management Information System For The Control Of Pest Animals And Plants In Victoria, Australia, James K. Backholer, David W.A. Lane, Eric A. Ward
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
The State Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands (CFL) administers legislation relating to the management of pest animals and plants throughout Victoria. CFL conducts control work on public land and assists landholders with programs on freehold land. To provide an information base for the management of CFL's pest control programs, the Pest Management Information System (PMIS) was developed. The PMIS captures descriptions of pest infestations, details of planned and actual treatments, and evaluations of treatments. The first version of the PMIS, developed for microcomputers, was released in 1987 and underwent minor revision during 1988 in the light of field experience. …
Day-Glo® Fluorescent Particles As A Marker For Use In M-44 Cyanide Capsules, Richard J. Burns, Guy E. Connolly, Peter J. Savarie
Day-Glo® Fluorescent Particles As A Marker For Use In M-44 Cyanide Capsules, Richard J. Burns, Guy E. Connolly, Peter J. Savarie
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Tracerite®, the chemical marker used in M-44 cyanide capsules, contains cadmium which the Environmental Protection Agency identified as an inert ingredient of toxicological concern. An alternative nontoxic marker was identified and tested. In a weathering test, capsules with Day-Glo® performed as well as those containing Tracerite, and presence of potassium chloride in the capsules did not improve capsule function. Day-Glo was further tested by allowing captive coyotes to discharge M-44s containing sodium cyanide and various colors of Day-Glo. Twelve of 13 coyotes that died or were euthanized soon after recovering from sublethal doses had obvious marks in their mouths for …
Predator Control For The Protection Of Endangered Species In California, Peter H. Butchko
Predator Control For The Protection Of Endangered Species In California, Peter H. Butchko
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
In recent years, wildlife agencies in California have concluded that predators are limiting factors to the recovery of several endangered species, namely the San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica), California least tern (Sterna antillarum browni). and desert tortoise (Xerobates agassizii). As a result, separate control programs for the protection of these species have been undertaken by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control (ADC) in cooperation with State and Federal agencies. Aspects of control activities of avian and/or mammalian predators of each project are discussed.
Communal Starling Roosts: Implications For Control, Donald F. Caccamise
Communal Starling Roosts: Implications For Control, Donald F. Caccamise
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Roosting behavior is common to most avian pests of agriculture. Movements from highly aggregated distributions in roosts to highly dispersed distributions on foraging grounds determine pattern and severity of avian pest problems. This research seeks an understanding of how roosting behavior influences the dispersion of avian agricultural pests and the damage they cause. My focus is on why birds form communal roosts and how communal roosting influences the selection of foraging sites. I document patterns of roosting behavior in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) through population level studies, followed by analysis of individual behavior using radio telemetry. Starlings maintain …
Crop Damage By Overabundant Populations Of Nilgai And Blackbuck In Haryana (India) And Its Management, N.P.S. Chauhan, Ramveer Singh
Crop Damage By Overabundant Populations Of Nilgai And Blackbuck In Haryana (India) And Its Management, N.P.S. Chauhan, Ramveer Singh
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
In India, as in other countries, problems associated with locally overabundant wildlife species have emerged as important management issues for reason of some species losing their natural habitat but adapting themselves to the manaltered habitats. Consequently, there is a clash with the interests of local people. Crop-raiding by locally overabundant wild populations of nilgai and blackbuck in Haryana is one such problem analyzed in this paper. Nilgai causes extensive damage to agricultural crops; among these, gram, wheat seedlings and moong are the most preferred ones. Blackbuck nibble mainly on young shoots of various cereal and pulse crops and the damage …
Planning Rodent Control For Boston's Central Artery/Tunnel Project, Bruce A. Colvin, A. Daniel Ashton, Wellard G. Mccartney, William B. Jackson
Planning Rodent Control For Boston's Central Artery/Tunnel Project, Bruce A. Colvin, A. Daniel Ashton, Wellard G. Mccartney, William B. Jackson
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
A comprehensive rodent control program is being planned for a $4.4 billion highway-construction project in Boston, MA This IPM program will include broad participation by project personnel, city and state agencies, and community groups. Surveys, public education, and sanitation improvements will begin more than a year before construction; baiting will begin approximately 3 months before construction. All control activities will be maintained until construction is complete. Mitigation of community impacts during construction projects is a growing concern, and improved approaches to construction-related rodent control are needed.
Efficacy Of Compound 1080 Livestock Protection Collars For Killing Coyotes That Attack Sheep, Guy Connolly, Richard J. Burns
Efficacy Of Compound 1080 Livestock Protection Collars For Killing Coyotes That Attack Sheep, Guy Connolly, Richard J. Burns
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Efficacy of Compound 1080 LP Collars was studied under pen and field conditions. Coyotes poisoned themselves by attacking collared sheep and biting the collars. In 54 pen tests where 1 or 2 captive coyotes had opportunity to attack 1 collared lamb, 41 lambs were attacked and 26 collars were punctured. Of 25 different coyotes offered lambs with collars containing 5 or 10 mg sodium fluoroacetate (FAC)/ml, 23 coyotes attacked and 21 died after collars were punctured in their first (n = 17), second (n = 3), or fifth (n = 1) test. For 11 captive coyotes that punctured rubber collars, …
The Use Of Dogs And Calls To Take Coyotes Around Dens And Resting Areas, Craig Coolahan
The Use Of Dogs And Calls To Take Coyotes Around Dens And Resting Areas, Craig Coolahan
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
The use of dogs and calls to take coyotes (Canis latrans) around dens and resting areas has been used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Cooperative Animal Damage Control program for many years. This technique, when properly employed, is highly selective, humane, and very effective. In more remote, inaccessible areas it is one of the most cost-effective control methods currently available. Current and future public sentiment, as expressed in Legislative mandate, may oblige ADC to depend on methods perceived as more humane and selective. Dogs may become a more important control tool in the not-so- distant future. This …
Plant Secondary Compounds–A Basis For New Avian Repellents, D.R. Crocker
Plant Secondary Compounds–A Basis For New Avian Repellents, D.R. Crocker
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Bird repellents that are effective have tended to be toxic, while those that are relatively nontoxic have tended to be ineffective. There is a need for repellents that work well and safely. Interest has focused on the natural chemical defenses used by plants to defend themselves from herbivores. Preferences of bullfinches in orchards for different pear cultivars were correlated with biochemical differences between cultivars. A class of plant secondary compounds has been isolated and shown to be physiologically active against bullfinch and pigeon gut enzymes, and also to deter feeding in the laboratory. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms responsible for …
An Evaluation Of Drc-2698 Treated Baits For Reducing Blackbird Populations Associated With Sunflower Damage, John L. Cummings, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham
An Evaluation Of Drc-2698 Treated Baits For Reducing Blackbird Populations Associated With Sunflower Damage, John L. Cummings, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
From 30 August to 18 September 1985, sunflower and corn mixed baits (75% sunflower meats and 25% cracked corn) treated with 1.50% CAT, (N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)acetamide) were evaluated for reducing blackbird populations near Churchs Ferry, North Dakota. Baits were applied on baiting lanes in sunflower fields with an electric seeder mounted on an all-terrain cycle. Three noncommercial (decoy) sunflower fields were baited with CAT-treated baits diluted 1:9 with similar mixture of untreated bait at a rate of 50 lbs/lane acre (9.3 total treated acres). Based on total bait consumption, the estimate of blackbirds killed by the CAT treatment ranged from 13,266 to …
Opening Remarks--Fourteenth Pest Conference, Lewis R. Davis
Opening Remarks--Fourteenth Pest Conference, Lewis R. Davis
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Good morning. On behalf of the Vertebrate Pest Council, I welcome you to the 14th Vertebrate Pest Conference. I am Lew Davis and will be serving as your chairman for this conference. I am rather “a new kid on the block” as this is only the 10th conference I have attended. As chairman, one of the few responsibilities I have is to present the opening remarks. Looking back at past opening remarks, I have found them to be short and not too philosophical except I did research back into the records of time and looked at the proceedings of the …
The Development Of A Policy For The Management Of Dingo Populations In South Australia, R.J. Downward, J.E. Bromell
The Development Of A Policy For The Management Of Dingo Populations In South Australia, R.J. Downward, J.E. Bromell
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Competing concerns between conservation and sheep-growing interests in South Australia over problems associated with the naturalized dog,Canis familiaris dingo, prompted the development of a policy for the management of this subspecies. The background to the development of this policy is outlined. The policy provides for a compromise between the need to protect the livestock industry while ensuring the continued survival of the dingo as a wildlife species.
A Comparison Of Three Traps For Removal Of Columbian Ground Squirrels, W. Daniel Edge, Sally L. Olson-Edge
A Comparison Of Three Traps For Removal Of Columbian Ground Squirrels, W. Daniel Edge, Sally L. Olson-Edge
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
A study to determine the relative effectiveness of three trap types for Columbian ground squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus) removal was conducted during May and July 1985 in Missoula County, Montana. A Two-way Analysis of Variance was used to test for differences in reduction of burrow activity between conibear, box, and live traps versus controls. All trap types significantly reduced ground squirrel activity when compared to the controls for each month, but no trap type was significantly more effective than the others. Ground squirrels are more easily caught in July; trapping during both months is recommended for maximum reduction in …
Rodent Problems In Range Rehabilitation, Richard Everett, Steve Monsen
Rodent Problems In Range Rehabilitation, Richard Everett, Steve Monsen
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Seed predation by rodents has limited successful re-establishment of desirable shrubs, forbs, and grasses on degraded western rangelands. We need to develop methods that temporarily reduce rodent numbers or their predation of planted seed if we are to establish diverse rangeland plant communities. Range site conversion treatments of chaining, prescribed burning, spraying, or drilling have not been effective in reducing deer mice populations. However, seed predation has been reduced by adopting seeding strategies that mimic natural seed predation avoidance mechanisms. Seedings have been designed to mimic the "satiation" strategy for plant establishment by providing more seed and sacrifice foods than …
Control Of Coyote Predation On Livestock–Progress In Research And Development, Michael W. Fall
Control Of Coyote Predation On Livestock–Progress In Research And Development, Michael W. Fall
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
The coyote is highly adaptable in exploiting man's livestock production systems and, indeed, thrives in such situations. Recent research by the Denver Wildlife Research Center has drawn upon earlier studies to focus effort on priority needs of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) cooperative Animal Damage Control (ADC) program. Substantial improvements have been made in some control methods and several new methods or effective modifications have become available for use by ADC and by producers. Additional developments have occurred in improving chemical delivery systems and in understanding the ecological requirements for effective control programs. With the substantial investments being made …
Ground Squirrel Burrow Destruction: Control Implications, Arlette Gilson, Terrell P. Salmon
Ground Squirrel Burrow Destruction: Control Implications, Arlette Gilson, Terrell P. Salmon
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Rapid reinvasion of low-density sites by dispersing ground squirrels often results in short-term benefits from otherwise effective population control methods. Existing vacant burrow systems appear to play an important role in facilitating the local population recovery. The potential of destroying the ground squirrel burrow entrances to reduce site reinvasion, following population removal, was tested. Under the conditions of the tests, deep ripping resulted in >85% reduction in burrow reinvasion by California and Belding ground squirrels. Studies are still in progress to evaluate the consistency of the results and include long-term effects and cost information. The inclusion of this technique into …
Control Of Mediterranean Pine Vole Populations In The South Of France, Gerald Guedon, Benoit Combes
Control Of Mediterranean Pine Vole Populations In The South Of France, Gerald Guedon, Benoit Combes
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
The control of the Mediterranean pine vole through manual bait placement is too fastidious. It prevents the realization of collective control on large areas. In this situation, mechanization is necessary. A burrow builder, made of a tubular ploughshare, has been devised in order to make artificial runs in the soil where baits may be deposited. This plough was successfully tested in fall 1989 in apple orchards with a wheat-based bait treated with chlorophacinone, chosen for its good resistance to moisture. The treatment efficiency varied between 86.7% and 96.4% with 25 and 50 artificial runs per hectare, respectively. A humid but …
Vertebrate Pests Of Uk Agriculture: Present Problems And Future Solutions, Anthony R. Hardy
Vertebrate Pests Of Uk Agriculture: Present Problems And Future Solutions, Anthony R. Hardy
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
The status of damage by vertebrate pests to growing and stored agricultural crops is reviewed in the light of changing patterns of agricultural practice and land use within the UK. Significant problems and existing management techniques are briefly discussed. The results of recent research by the Agricultural Department and Advisory Service (ADAS) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food are explored to indicate the future direction of vertebrate pest management to reduce crop damage. Recent changes in legislation and public attitudes impose constraints on some of the approaches to solving problems. The continued role of traditional control methods is …
Field Trial Of A Cpt-Avicide Aerial Spray, Jon F. Heisterberg, John L. Cummings, George M. Linz, Edward Knittle, Thomas W. Seamans, Paul P. Woronecki
Field Trial Of A Cpt-Avicide Aerial Spray, Jon F. Heisterberg, John L. Cummings, George M. Linz, Edward Knittle, Thomas W. Seamans, Paul P. Woronecki
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
A 2.2 ha-cedar and mixed deciduous tree woodlot in Crawford, Mississippi, harboring 330,000 blackbirds (Icterinae) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) was aerially sprayed by helicopter the night of 1 March 1989 with 1050 1 of a CPT-avicide formulation at a rate of 49 kg CPT/ha. Most mortality occurred within 36 h of treatment. Mortality in the roost was 3% of the pretreatment population. No reliable technique to estimate out-of-roost mortality was identified. Pilot misapplication and probable CPT volatilization of the spray formulation contributed to the low mortality. Only 1 of 37 radiotagged blackbirds using the roost the night …
Differential Toxicity And Taste Aversion To Strychnine Of Three Subspecies Of The California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Beecheyi), Walter E. Howard, Stephen D. Palmateer, Rex E. Marsh
Differential Toxicity And Taste Aversion To Strychnine Of Three Subspecies Of The California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Beecheyi), Walter E. Howard, Stephen D. Palmateer, Rex E. Marsh
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Three subspecies of the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) were studied. In the first test of Experiment 1, Beechey (S. b. beecheyi), Douglas (S. b. douglasii), and, for comparative purposes, Sierra (S. b. sierrae) ground squirrels were each offered a drinking tube containing one of three H20 solutions of strychnine sulfate (0.01, 0.05, or 0.5%) after being deprived of water for 23 hr. In Test 2 the survivors of Test 1 were offered for 24 hr a free choice of distilled water and two of the above concentrations of strychnine …
The Evolution Of Vertebrate Pest Management--The Species Versus Systems Approach, Scott E. Hygnstrom
The Evolution Of Vertebrate Pest Management--The Species Versus Systems Approach, Scott E. Hygnstrom
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1990
Wildlife management has evolved through a series of stages, with early efforts directed toward individual species. Since the late 1800s, however, more wildlife applications have incorporated a systems approach, where communities are managed to promote the quality, quantity, and fitness of most associated species. Vertebrate pest management has followed a similar course of development, although it has lagged behind in addressing the concept of systems management. I propose that a systems approach to vertebrate pest management should include the consideration of all potential problem species of an area or situation and should integrate damage prevention and control strategies that minimize …