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Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Scaling Expertise: A Note On Homophily In Online Discourse And Content Moderation, Dylan Weber
Scaling Expertise: A Note On Homophily In Online Discourse And Content Moderation, Dylan Weber
New England Journal of Public Policy
It is now empirically clear that the structure of online discourse tends toward homophily; users strongly prefer to interact with content and other users that are similar to them. I review the evidence for the ubiquity of homophily in discourse and highlight some of its worst effects including narrowed information landscape for users and increased spread of misinformation. I then discuss the current state of moderation frameworks at large social media platforms and how they are ill-equipped to deal with structural trends in discourse such as homophily. Finally, I sketch a moderation framework based on a principal of “scaling expertise” …
Editor's Note, Padraig O'Malley, Adanna C. Kalejaye
Editor's Note, Padraig O'Malley, Adanna C. Kalejaye
New England Journal of Public Policy
To coincide with COP28 in Dubai, this issue of the New England Journal of Public Policy published a series of articles on climate warming.
The Role Of Carbon Management Technologies In Meeting Net Zero, Ali Al-Saffar
The Role Of Carbon Management Technologies In Meeting Net Zero, Ali Al-Saffar
New England Journal of Public Policy
The pathway toward implementing the changes necessary in the energy sector to keep global temperature rises from breaking through catastrophic barriers is narrow and tenuous and will require a range of zero- and low-carbon technologies to be dispatched at a speed and scale that is virtually unprecedented. Decarbonization through renewables, matched with the more efficient use of energy in the end-use sectors will play a large part. But there is growing realization that there will be residual fossil fuel use long into the future, and that the emissions from the burning of these fossil fuels in power plants and factories …
Joint Global Responsibility Fund For Climate, Conservation, And Communities: A Proposed Innovative Tax-Based Funding Mechanism, Tamar Ron
New England Journal of Public Policy
Nature-based solutions address biodiversity loss, climate change, and societal challenges at the local, national, regional, and global levels. The costs of their conservation, however, are mostly local and national in nature. Confronting the rolling dual crisis of biodiversity loss and climate change requires us to recognize nature’s intrinsic value. Moreover, we must find practical ways for their monetary valuation to be channeled as payment for the services of conservation custodians. It is suggested here to translate the value of natural assets and the understanding of the local costs and global benefits of their conservation, into an innovative and ambitious funding …
Solar Radiation Modification Governance In The Context Of Temperature Overshoot, Janos Pasztor
Solar Radiation Modification Governance In The Context Of Temperature Overshoot, Janos Pasztor
New England Journal of Public Policy
As the climate crisis escalates, governments—and recently even those in the wealthier countries in the Global North—are struggling to manage the impacts we are experiencing around the world in frightening abundance, including record-setting temperatures, fires, floods, and glacial and ice melt. Behind closed doors, policymakers are concerned as they contemplate the increasing likelihood, even under the most ambitious emission reduction pathways, that the world will overshoot the goal agreed upon in the Paris Agreement to limit global average temperature rise to 1.5oC beyond pre-industrial levels.
It is in this “overshoot context” that interest is growing in an emerging, potentially supplementary …
The Gulf: An Appeal For More Coordinated Action On Climate Change, Fareed Yasseen
The Gulf: An Appeal For More Coordinated Action On Climate Change, Fareed Yasseen
New England Journal of Public Policy
This article seeks to provide the rationale behind Iraqi Prime Minister Al-Sudani’s call at the United Nations for the formation of a negotiating group within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change process that brings together all member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Iraq, and Iran. This article argues that these countries would benefit doubly from such an arrangement, because it would help them better address the direct effects of climate change, on the one hand, and to better address the effects of the measures taken to address climate change, which will affect them as fossil fuel producers, …
Cop27 And The New Rise Of The Global South, Janice Golding
Cop27 And The New Rise Of The Global South, Janice Golding
New England Journal of Public Policy
Developing countries require direct and indirect financial and non-financial assistance to address the climate crisis. The COP27 announcement of a new Loss and Damage Fund as well the unveiling of the Bridgetown Initiative collectively hold substantial promise to alter the course of climate multilateralism. The outcome of COP27 has presented unprecedented opportunities for the Global South to build global solidarity for climate justice, but the path ahead will not be easy. Materialization of support to developing countries may be, at best, not sustainable, or at worst, unforeseeable without consistent application of principles and values enshrined in historic, moral accountability for …
The How And Why Of Visual Practice At Un Climate Negotiations, Stéphanie Heckman
The How And Why Of Visual Practice At Un Climate Negotiations, Stéphanie Heckman
New England Journal of Public Policy
In this article Stéphanie Heckman examines the process and outcomes of her graphic recording work and other forms of visual practice in the context of UN climate negotiations, reflecting on three years of collaboration with the UN Climate Change Secretariat, particularly during the eighteen-month Global Stocktake process. After a review of the history and science behind visual storytelling, she analyses one of the graphic recordings made for the third meeting of the Technical Dialogue of the Global Stocktake through the lens of Kelvy Bird’s ‘Levels of Scribing’ model. Drawing on comments from delegates at COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt and …
The Perfect Is The Enemy Of The Good: Carbon Credits And Funding For Decarbonization In Developing Countries, Andrew A. Bernstein
The Perfect Is The Enemy Of The Good: Carbon Credits And Funding For Decarbonization In Developing Countries, Andrew A. Bernstein
New England Journal of Public Policy
Carbon credits issued in the voluntary carbon market are an important source of funding for projects in developing countries designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as forest preservation and renewable energy. Beyond their potential to provide billions of dollars of private sector financing for decarbonization, carbon credits can generate economic opportunity, employment, and biodiversity. But they are controversial, mainly (but not only) because it is difficult to confirm and to quantify their emissions benefits. This article argues that policymakers should nonetheless support voluntary carbon market growth, so long as companies use carbon credits to mitigate emissions they cannot avoid …
Results Of Cop27 And Expectations For Cop28, Cecilia Kinuthia-Njenga, Fareed Yasseen
Results Of Cop27 And Expectations For Cop28, Cecilia Kinuthia-Njenga, Fareed Yasseen
New England Journal of Public Policy
Since 1995, government representatives from around the world have gathered nearly every year for the United Nations Conference of the Parties (COP) to advance work on multilateral agreements and to provide a way forward in tackling the significant challenges of climate change. The last of these conferences took place on November 6–20, 2022, in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt.
COP27 brought together more than 35,000 people from across the globe to deliberate on important actions for addressing the climate. Hailed as the “African COP” and “Implementation COP,” it raised expectations that decisions from previous conferences, reflecting the needs and priorities of the …
Editor's Note, Padraig O'Malley
Editor's Note, Padraig O'Malley
New England Journal of Public Policy
Stephanie Heckman is a visual artist who attended the Glasgow conference. “I attended COP26 as a visual storyteller,’ she says. “Visual storytelling (known also as graphic recording) involves the use of graphics, drawings and hand lettering to capture the essence of collective conversation. It is a tool for live notetaking and sense-making; it stimulates participants to engage with each other and complex subject matter, and makes the outcomes more memorable, engaging and accessible to others not present at these conversations.”
Stephanie was an accredited observer delegate at COP26 and a “civic participant” in the many events happening around Glasgow at …
Visual Report Of Cop26, Stéphanie Heckman
Visual Report Of Cop26, Stéphanie Heckman
New England Journal of Public Policy
As a visual practitioner my job is to draw people’s thoughts, and in so doing, help people make sense of them. The visual summaries I create live during conferences aim to capture more than just the dry content, but also the dynamic, the mood and the unspoken. It is a tool more aligned with how our associative, sensory-fed brains work, for coping with the deluge of information that faces us these days. And it’s a tool that can help overcome language, learning and other barriers to access.
When I discovered in January 2020 that the next Conference of the Parties, …
Bounded Confidence: How Ai Could Exacerbate Social Media’S Homophily Problem, Dylan Weber, Scott Atran, Rich Davis
Bounded Confidence: How Ai Could Exacerbate Social Media’S Homophily Problem, Dylan Weber, Scott Atran, Rich Davis
New England Journal of Public Policy
The advent of the Internet was heralded as a revolutionary development in the democratization of information. It has emerged, however, that online discourse on social media tends to narrow the information landscape of its users. This dynamic is driven by the propensity of the network structure of social media to tend toward homophily; users strongly prefer to interact with content and other users that are similar to them. We review the considerable evidence for the ubiquity of homophily in social media, discuss some possible mechanisms for this phenomenon, and present some observed and hypothesized effects. We also discuss how the …
Climate Change And Human Rights: Shaping The Narrative For Reflexive Responses From Civilization’S Leadership To Counter And Abate Climate Change And Enhance The Role Of Human Rights In The Rule Of Law, Michael Donlan
New England Journal of Public Policy
This article offers a bold new legal process for enhancing and upgrading the rule of law to enable civilization to cope with and counter the mounting damage and injustice caused by climate change. Climate change, once an unimaginable threat, is now a brutal, ubiquitous game changer that is leading inexorably to the demise of all humanity. Only by enhancing the rule of law and melding international law with domestic law can civilization fashion a coherent, global action plan for survival.
For almost three centuries greenhouse gases have been emitted around the world by the burning of fossil fuel, and—most alarming—these …
Climate. A Period Of Consequence: Environmental Literature Of 2006 (2006), Shaun O’Connell
Climate. A Period Of Consequence: Environmental Literature Of 2006 (2006), Shaun O’Connell
New England Journal of Public Policy
The author talks about the consequences of not respecting the climate and understanding global warming will cause ecocide and our own extinction.
Reprinted from New England Journal of Public Policy 21, no. 2 (2007), article 5.
Seeking Peace In The Niger Delta: Oil, Natural Gas, And Other Vital Resources, Darren Kew, David L. Phillips
Seeking Peace In The Niger Delta: Oil, Natural Gas, And Other Vital Resources, Darren Kew, David L. Phillips
New England Journal of Public Policy
Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta region has seen little benefit from the billions of dollars earned from oil over the last four decades, prompting a growing but disorganized insurgency across the region. Irresponsible oil companies and government officials have reduced the Niger Delta to one of the most polluted environments on earth. Corrupt local and national politicians, many of whom came to power through rigged elections, have colluded to manipulate ethnic divisions amid poverty to loot the region’s wealth. Consequently, the people of the Niger Delta have no formal political voice in Nigeria’s nascent democratic system, increasing the appeal of militias …
Climate. Stern Review: The Economics Of Climate Change, Nicholas Stern
Climate. Stern Review: The Economics Of Climate Change, Nicholas Stern
New England Journal of Public Policy
This chapter examines the increasingly serious impacts on people as the world warms. Climate change is a serious and urgent issue. The Earth has already warmed by 0.7°C since around 1900 and is committed to further warming over coming decades simply due to past emissions. On current trends, average global temperatures could rise by 2–3°C within the next fifty years or so, with several degrees more in the pipeline by the end of the century if emissions continue to grow. This chapter examines how the physical changes in climate . . . affect the essential components of lives and livelihoods …
Climate. Scrubbing The Sky: Climate Change And The Productive Center, Marcy Murninghan
Climate. Scrubbing The Sky: Climate Change And The Productive Center, Marcy Murninghan
New England Journal of Public Policy
This article sketches out the efforts of government, business, and civil society to address the problem of climate change. It identifies some of the key initiatives underway — including proposals for more stringent caps on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; the creation of a market-based trading system that provides incentives and profits for entities that reduce their GHG emission levels; more robust research and development of alternative energy sources as well as new approaches to traditional ones; and continued public education — and portrays the bipartisan, collaborative, multilateral nature of saving Mother Nature. While acknowledging that ultimately these efforts may be …
Water. World Water, A Crisis Of Global Governance?, Robert Weiner
Water. World Water, A Crisis Of Global Governance?, Robert Weiner
New England Journal of Public Policy
In a global world, how can water, a necessary and increasingly scarce resource, be managed? We understand that water is a basic need. Do we also share the belief that water is a basic right? Does the international community share beliefs about water that may be the foundation of an international regime or system of global governance for the equitable implementation of global water policy? And finally, what international body or bodies might handle the disputes that arise as our population and need for water increase? The author tackles these questions and looks at models to guide us.
Climate. A Period Of Consequence: Environmental Literature Of 2006, Shaun O'Connell
Climate. A Period Of Consequence: Environmental Literature Of 2006, Shaun O'Connell
New England Journal of Public Policy
The author talks about the consequences of not respecting the climate and understanding global warming will cause ecocide and our own extinction.
Oil. Changing Geopolitics Of Oil In Asia & The Usa, Jay Hein, John Clark, Robert Ebel, Dong Hyung Cha, Richard Lotspeich
Oil. Changing Geopolitics Of Oil In Asia & The Usa, Jay Hein, John Clark, Robert Ebel, Dong Hyung Cha, Richard Lotspeich
New England Journal of Public Policy
One of the most important responsibilities the United States assumed following World War II was ensuring the stable flow of relatively inexpensive oil to the industrialized and industrializing countries of the world. A glance at a list of the top petroleum exporting countries shows that most of them are poor, have despotic governments, and experience frequent bouts of political instability and ideological extremism.
Climate. Renewables: Old Problem, New Answers, Michael Eckhart
Climate. Renewables: Old Problem, New Answers, Michael Eckhart
New England Journal of Public Policy
The article offers information on the first Agricultural Renewable Energy Forum to be held in New York on December 3, 2008.
Water. Commons Or Commodity?: The Future Of Water, Marcia Brewster
Water. Commons Or Commodity?: The Future Of Water, Marcia Brewster
New England Journal of Public Policy
This article by Marcia Brewster is taken from the proceedings of the EPIIC Symposium at Tufts University in February 2005.
Water. The Geopolitics Of Water, Paul Michael Wihbey, Ilan Berman
Water. The Geopolitics Of Water, Paul Michael Wihbey, Ilan Berman
New England Journal of Public Policy
In the great geo-strategic game known as the Middle East, peace politics get much of the press and the attention of policy leaders. On occasion, oil takes center stage but often for the wrong reason (see, e.g., "The End of the Oil Era and the Price of Oil"). What is important to understand is that water is in fact the key strategic resource in the region and if you follow the flow of water, you'll follow the politics and policy machinations that lie at the heart of the Israeli-Syrian dialogue. IASPS Fellow in Strategy Paul Michael Wihbey co-authored an analysis …
Oil. China And Oil In The Asian Pacific Region: Rising Demand For Oil, Pablo Bustelo
Oil. China And Oil In The Asian Pacific Region: Rising Demand For Oil, Pablo Bustelo
New England Journal of Public Policy
China’s growing demand for oil is significantly changing the international geopolitics of energy, especially in the Asian Pacific region. The recent growth in oil consumption, combined with forecasts of increased oil imports (especially from the Middle East), have led to deep concern among Chinese leaders regarding their country’s energy security. They are responding in a number of different ways. In particular, they are searching for new sources of supply and seeking to control purchases and transport lanes, while boosting national production at any cost. This is already causing tension with the United States and other big oil consumers, such as …
Water. Global Water Outlook To 2025: Averting An Impending Crisis, Mark W. Rosegrant, Ximing Cai, Sarah A. Cline
Water. Global Water Outlook To 2025: Averting An Impending Crisis, Mark W. Rosegrant, Ximing Cai, Sarah A. Cline
New England Journal of Public Policy
IFPRI and IWMI's report uses computer modeling to project water demand and availability through to 2025 and predicts the likely impact of changes in water policy and investment, making specific recommendations for specific locations around the globe. The report argues that if current water policies continue, farmers will find it difficult to meet the world’s food needs. Hardest hit will be the world’s poorest people. The authors call for: International commitment to sustainable use of water, through appropriate policies and investments; Wider application of existing water saving technologies; The removal of inappropriate incentives and reform of institutions which hinder effective …
Fueling The Superpowers: Nexus Of Foreign Policy And Energy Security, Jack Blum
Fueling The Superpowers: Nexus Of Foreign Policy And Energy Security, Jack Blum
New England Journal of Public Policy
This article talks about the oil history and the role government and international politics has played in it.
Oil. Seeking Peace In The Niger Delta: Oil, Natural Gas, And Other Vital Resources, Darren Kew, David L. Phillips
Oil. Seeking Peace In The Niger Delta: Oil, Natural Gas, And Other Vital Resources, Darren Kew, David L. Phillips
New England Journal of Public Policy
Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta region has seen little benefit from the billions of dollars earned from oil over the last four decades, prompting a growing but disorganized insurgency across the region. Irresponsible oil companies and government officials have reduced the Niger Delta to one of the most polluted environments on earth. Corrupt local and national politicians, many of whom came to power through rigged elections, have colluded to manipulate ethnic divisions amid poverty to loot the region’s wealth. Consequently, the people of the Niger Delta have no formal political voice in Nigeria’s nascent democratic system, increasing the appeal of militias …
Oil. Geopolitics Reborn: Oil, Natural Gas, And Other Vital Resources, Michael T. Klare
Oil. Geopolitics Reborn: Oil, Natural Gas, And Other Vital Resources, Michael T. Klare
New England Journal of Public Policy
Competition over vital resources is a potent source of international friction among nations and within states. The result is the increasing interplay of international and internal struggles and the growing militarization of the global energy resource quest.
Fueling The Superpowers: Potential Hazard For U.S.-China Relations, Travis Tanner
Fueling The Superpowers: Potential Hazard For U.S.-China Relations, Travis Tanner
New England Journal of Public Policy
This article by Travis Tanner is taken from the proceedings of the EPIIC Symposium at Tufts University, February 2005