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LSU Doctoral Dissertations

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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Task Specific Ionic Liquids For Enantiomeric Recognition And Nanomaterials For Biomedical Imaging, David Kipkogei Bwambok Jan 2009

Task Specific Ionic Liquids For Enantiomeric Recognition And Nanomaterials For Biomedical Imaging, David Kipkogei Bwambok

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts that melt at or below 100°C. Interest in ILs continues to grow due to their unique properties such as lack of measurable vapor pressure, high thermal stability, tunability and recyclability. The first part of this dissertation explores the use of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) for enantiomeric recognition of chiral analytes using fluorescence spectroscopy. Chiral analyses continue to be a subject of considerable interest primarily as a result of legislation introduced by the Food and Drug Administration. This has led to an increased need for suitable chiral selectors and methods to verify the enantiomeric forms …

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Phytochemical Analyses Of Bioactive Compounds In The Roots Of Cassia Alata Linn And The Anti-Angiogenic Evaluation Of Rhein As A Therapeutic Agent Against Breast Cancer Cells, Vivian Esther Fernand Jan 2009

Phytochemical Analyses Of Bioactive Compounds In The Roots Of Cassia Alata Linn And The Anti-Angiogenic Evaluation Of Rhein As A Therapeutic Agent Against Breast Cancer Cells, Vivian Esther Fernand

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The research presented in this dissertation includes the novel phytochemical analysis of root extracts of Cassia alata L. and the anti-angiogenic evaluation of rhein in the treatment of breast cancer. To conduct these studies a combination of analytical techniques were employed, namely, chromatographic, spectroscopic, and bioanalytical. The first part of this research is focused on the phytochemical analysis of C. alata root extracts. A high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of six phenolic compounds in the root extracts. The investigated compounds were identified by their ultraviolet spectra. Additionally, the presence of these phenolics was …

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A Modular Approach To Lung Nodule Detection From Computed Tomography Images Using Artificial Neural Networks And Content Based Image Representation, Omer Muhammet Soysal Jan 2009

A Modular Approach To Lung Nodule Detection From Computed Tomography Images Using Artificial Neural Networks And Content Based Image Representation, Omer Muhammet Soysal

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancer types. Research in computer aided detection (CAD) and diagnosis for lung cancer aims at providing effective tools to assist physicians in cancer diagnosis and treatment to save lives. In this dissertation, we focus on developing a CAD framework for automated lung cancer nodule detection from 3D lung computed tomography (CT) images. Nodule detection is a challenging task that no machine intelligence can surpass human capability to date. In contrast, human recognition power is limited by vision capacity and may suffer from work overload and fatigue, whereas automated nodule detection systems can …

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Beta-Diketone And -Ketoenamine-Based Organic Building Blocks For Porous Metal Organic-Materials, Yoseph Solomon Marcos Jan 2009

Beta-Diketone And -Ketoenamine-Based Organic Building Blocks For Porous Metal Organic-Materials, Yoseph Solomon Marcos

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on synthesis of multifunctional â-diketone and â-ketoenamine ligands and their reaction with metal ions, mainly Cu2+. Several new bi-, tri-, and tetrafunctional organosilicon â-diketone building blocks with â-diketone groups at approx. 109° (tetrahedral) were successfully synthesized. New thiophene based bifunctional ligands where the â-diketones are at about 145° are also reported here. We also prepared a range of new aryl-â-ketoenamines from their analogous â-diketones in very high yield using a simple microwave-assisted procedure. Reactions of organosilicon tris(â-diketone)s LH3 with Cu2+ were explored quite intensively. These ligands form metal-organic-polyhedra (MOPs) that are soluble in organic solvents, and insoluble …

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Spatial-Temporal Responses Of Louisiana Forests To Climate Change And Hurricane Disturbance, Fugui Wang Jan 2009

Spatial-Temporal Responses Of Louisiana Forests To Climate Change And Hurricane Disturbance, Fugui Wang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation research focused on three questions: (1) what is the current carbon stock in Louisiana’s forest ecosystems? (2) how will the biomass carbon stock respond to future climate change? and (3) how vulnerable are the coastal forest resources to natural disturbances, such as hurricanes? The research utilized a geographic information system, remote sensing techniques, ecosystem modeling, and statistical approaches with existing data and in-situ measurements. Future climate changes were adapted from predictions by the Community Climate System Model on the basis of low (B1), moderate (A1B), and high (A2) greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The study on forest carbon assessment …

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Quantum Optical Improvements In Metrology, Sensing, And Lithography, Sean Ducharme Huver Jan 2009

Quantum Optical Improvements In Metrology, Sensing, And Lithography, Sean Ducharme Huver

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation we begin with a brief introduction of quantum mechanics, its impact on technology in the 20th century, and the likely impact quantum optics will have on the next generation of technology. The following chapters display research performed in many of these next generation areas. In Chapter 2 we describe work performed in the area of designing quantum optical logic gates for use in quantum computing. In Chapter 3 we discuss findings made in regards to using quantum states of light for remote sensing and imaging. We move on to Fabry-Perot interferometers in Chapter 4 and show discoveries …

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Applying Scanning Probe Microscopy For The Investigation Of Molecular Self-Assembly Mechanisms And Properties Of Designed Nanomaterials, Algernon Tremayne Kelley Jan 2009

Applying Scanning Probe Microscopy For The Investigation Of Molecular Self-Assembly Mechanisms And Properties Of Designed Nanomaterials, Algernon Tremayne Kelley

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) for conducting surface characterizations of nanomaterials and molecular self-assembly processes is emerging as an important contribution in nanotechnology, especially towards the design of molecular electronic devices. Another area of importance is the characterization of the properties of nanomaterials for fundamental understanding of structure-function inter-relationships. Understanding the properties and behavior of molecules and finding approaches to control surface self-organization through nanolithography provides essential information for the development of workable applications for nanotechnology. This dissertation describes the methodologies of AFM for characterizing molecules and nanostructures produced with scanning probe lithography (SPL). Automated software for nanografting and nanoshaving produce …

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Global Positioning System In Curved Space-Time And Other Applications Of General Relativity, Argenis Daniel Da Silva Jan 2009

Global Positioning System In Curved Space-Time And Other Applications Of General Relativity, Argenis Daniel Da Silva

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this work, we present some applications of the theory of General Relativity. First, we show a numerical scheme to account for relativistic effects in the Global Positioning System. Then, a couple of applications of astrophysical interest are worked out. These are the study of the gravitational collapse of stars and the dynamical evolution of a three-dimensional Einstein-Klein-Gordon field.

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Sedimentation On A Mixed Siliciclastic/Carbonate Continental Margin Over Decadal To Millennial Timescales: Gulf Of Papua, Zahid Muhammad Jan 2009

Sedimentation On A Mixed Siliciclastic/Carbonate Continental Margin Over Decadal To Millennial Timescales: Gulf Of Papua, Zahid Muhammad

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Sediments from the Gulf of Papua were examined to estimate particle flux and sediment mass accumulation rates on multiple timescales. Patterns of sediment mass accumulation and inventory-derived 210Pb fluxes display regional variations, decreasing seaward, and along isobaths seaward from the northeastern shelf edge. The amount of terrigenous sediment load being discharged annually from the shelf and accumulating in Pandora Trough is approximately 7-14×106 tonnes. The existence of possible turbidity-current transport and deposition have been documented in deeper parts of the Gulf of Papua. High excess 210Pb fluxes estimated from seabed inventories at the shelf edge and upper slope are consistent …

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Testing Of Gdcl3 Doping In Water Cherenkov Antineutrino Detectors, William Fitzgerald Coleman Jan 2009

Testing Of Gdcl3 Doping In Water Cherenkov Antineutrino Detectors, William Fitzgerald Coleman

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Improved neutron and neutrino detection using water Cherenkov detectors loaded with gadolinium has been proposed for potential application in both large and small volume detectors. In this thesis, work performed to determine the effect on transparency resulting from use of GdCl3 in stainless steel constructed water Cherenkov detectors is presented. In addition, results of an experiment performed using a small volume water Cherenkov de- tector are reported. This was the first use of gadolinium loaded water to detect reactor antineutrinos.

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Creep Behavior Of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, Yanjun Xu Jan 2009

Creep Behavior Of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, Yanjun Xu

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Creep behavior of natural fiber/polymer composites (NFPCs) was studied in response to the increasing application of this material as structural building products. Factors that influence creep behavior of the composites were investigated by analyzing creep curves of several different NFPC systems, which were designed for overall performance of the composites. Among different models, the 4-element Burgers type was mostly used for quantitative characterization of the creep curves to compare the properties of different composites. The parameters from the 4-element Burgers model were easily interpretable due to their physical meanings. Generalized Burgers models provided better fit by introducing extra Kelvin units, …

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Atom-Based Computer Simulation Studies Of Gas-To-Liquid Nucleation In Atmospherically Relevant Systems: Clarifying Discrepancies And Elucidating Mechanisms, Ricky Bendanillo Nellas Jan 2009

Atom-Based Computer Simulation Studies Of Gas-To-Liquid Nucleation In Atmospherically Relevant Systems: Clarifying Discrepancies And Elucidating Mechanisms, Ricky Bendanillo Nellas

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

For over a century, nucleation for all systems was thought simplistically to be a process that advances through the formation of critical clusters with a well-defined composition. Our results show intriguing nucleation mechanisms that challenge the aforementioned notion. We employed the simple TraPPE-UA (transferable potential for phase equilibria – united atom) force field and the AVUS-HR approach (a combination of aggregation-volume-bias Monte Carlo, umbrella sampling, and histogram reweighting), to investigate the homogeneous vapor-to-liquid nucleation of various nucleating systems. We found out that these systems could nucleate through a variety of unique non-ideal mechanisms. Alongside existing experimental investigations, this dissertation presents …

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Unavoidable Minors In Graphs And Matroids, Carolyn Barlow Chun Jan 2009

Unavoidable Minors In Graphs And Matroids, Carolyn Barlow Chun

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

It is well known that every sufficiently large connected graph G has either a vertex of high degree or a long path. If we require G to be more highly connected, then we ensure the presence of more highly structured minors. In particular, for all positive integers k, every 2-connected graph G has a series minor isomorphic to a k-edge cycle or K_{2,k}. In 1993, Oxley, Oporowski, and Thomas extended this result to 3- and internally 4-connected graphs identifying all unavoidable series minors of these classes. Loosely speaking, a series minor allows for arbitrary edge deletions but only allows edges …

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Computational Studies Of The Properties Of Copper Oxide Clusters And The Reactions Of Phenol And Chlorinated Phenols With Copper Oxide Clusters, Gyun-Tack Bae Jan 2009

Computational Studies Of The Properties Of Copper Oxide Clusters And The Reactions Of Phenol And Chlorinated Phenols With Copper Oxide Clusters, Gyun-Tack Bae

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

We used ab initio simulations and calculations to study the structures and stabilities of copper oxide clusters, CunOn (n=1-8) and CuOn (n=1-6). The lowest energy structures of neutral and charged copper oxide clusters were determined using primarily the B3LYP/LANL2DZ model chemistry. In CunOn clusters with n=1-8, a transition from planar to nonplanar geometries occurs at n=4. In CuOn clusters with n=1-6, all geometries of neutral, positively, and negatively charged clusters are planar or near planar structures. Selected electronic properties, including binding energies, ionization energies, and electronic affinities, were calculated and examined as a function of n. Stabilities were examined by …

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Polymer-Based Microfluidic Devices For High Throughput Single Molecule Detection: Applications In Biological And Drug Discovery, Paul Ichide Okagbare Jan 2009

Polymer-Based Microfluidic Devices For High Throughput Single Molecule Detection: Applications In Biological And Drug Discovery, Paul Ichide Okagbare

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The realization of high throughput sample processing has become a primary ambition in many research applications with an example being high throughput screening (HTS), which represents the first step in the drug discovery pipeline. Microfluidics is a viable platform for parallel processing of biochemical reactions to increase data production rates due to its ability to generate fluidic networks with a high number of processors over small footprints suitable for optical imaging. Single-molecule detection (SMD) is another technology which has emerged to facilitate the realization of high throughput data processing afforded by its ability to eliminate sample processing steps and generate …

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On-Line Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Damien A. Narcisse Jan 2009

On-Line Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Damien A. Narcisse

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Interfaces for on-line laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry are presented in this dissertation. An on line laser desorption interface allows samples to be introduced directly into the mass spectrometer for high-throughput applications. For this research, a linear time of flight mass spectrometer was constructed with an ionization source designed to accept various laser desorption interfaces. A ball inlet interface was used for continuous analyte deposition at atmospheric pressure and vacuum ionization. A solvent-based cleaning system and a separate capillary for MALDI matrix delivery was utilized for continuous on line sampling with the ball inlet interface. Microfluidic devices were brought into contact …

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Quantum Nonlinear Optics: Applications To Quantum Metrology, Imaging, And Information, Ryan Glasser Jan 2009

Quantum Nonlinear Optics: Applications To Quantum Metrology, Imaging, And Information, Ryan Glasser

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The fields of quantum and nonlinear optics have given rise to a variety of nonclassical states of light that have been proven to surpass certain limitations set by classical physics. Namely, certain squeezed and entangled states have been shown to beat the shot-noise limit when making precision phase measurements in interferometry, as well as write lithographic patterns that are smaller than classically allowed by the Rayleigh diffraction limit. Additionally, single-photon sources and entangled photon pairs have given rise to provably secure quantum key distribution for cryptography. Producing these quantum states of light has proven a difficult task. Nonlinear crystals, when …

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Algorithms Related To Subgroups Of The Modular Group, Constantin Cristian Caranica Jan 2009

Algorithms Related To Subgroups Of The Modular Group, Constantin Cristian Caranica

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Classifying subgroups of the modular group PSL_2{Z} is a fundamental problem with applications to modular forms, in addition to its group-theoretic interest. While a lot of research has been done on the congruence subgroups of PSL_2{Z}, very little is known about noncongruence subgroups. The purpose of this thesis is to find and characterize small-index noncongruence subgroups of the modular group PSL_2{Z}. We use the concept of Farey symbol to describe the subgroups of PSL_2{Z}. The first part contains results concerning the geometry of subgroups of PSL_2{Z}. The second part describes a graph-theoretical approach to finding all subgroups of a given …

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The Structure Of 4-Separations In 4-Connected Matroids, Jeremy M. Aikin Jan 2009

The Structure Of 4-Separations In 4-Connected Matroids, Jeremy M. Aikin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Oxley, Semple and Whittle described a tree decomposition for a 3-connected matroid M that displays, up to a natural equivalence, all non-trivial 3-separations of M. Crossing 3-separations gave rise to fundamental structures known as flowers. In this dissertation, we define generalized flower structure called a k-flower, with no assumptions on the connectivity of M. We completely classify k-flowers in terms of the local connectivity between pairs of petals. Specializing to the case of 4-connected matroids, we give a new notion of equivalence of 4-separations that we show will be needed to describe a tree decomposition for 4-connected matroids. Finally, we …

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Storm Surge Dynamics Over Wide Continental Shelves: Numerical Experiments Using The Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model, Joao Lima Rego Jan 2009

Storm Surge Dynamics Over Wide Continental Shelves: Numerical Experiments Using The Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model, Joao Lima Rego

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Storm surge is an abnormal rise of the sea surface caused by atmospheric forcing, including the wind stress and atmospheric pressure associated with extra-tropical and tropical cyclones. Hurricanes and typhoons have a great impact on coastal regions, and can cause severe loss of lives and great damages. A systematic investigation of storm surge impact to the coasts of Louisiana and Texas, where the continental shelf reaches up to 200 km in width, is conducted here using the hydrodynamics Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model, FVCOM (Chen et al., 2003). The model is applied to the northern Gulf of Mexico to simulate the …

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A Regularization Technique In Dynamic Optimization, Alvaro Guevara Jan 2009

A Regularization Technique In Dynamic Optimization, Alvaro Guevara

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation we discuss certain aspects of a parametric regularization technique which is based on recent work by R. Goebel. For proper, lower semicontinuous, and convex functions, this regularization is self-dual with respect to convex conjugation, and a simple extension of this smoothing exhibits the same feature when applied to proper, closed, and saddle functions. In Chapter 1 we give a introduction to convex and saddle function theory, which includes new results on the convergence of saddle function values that were not previously available in the form presented. In Chapter 2, we define the regularization and extend some of …

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Remediating Impacts Of Global Climate Change-Induced Submergence On Salt Marsh Ecosystem Functions, Camille Lafosse Stagg Jan 2009

Remediating Impacts Of Global Climate Change-Induced Submergence On Salt Marsh Ecosystem Functions, Camille Lafosse Stagg

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Impacts of global climate change, such as sea level rise and severe drought, have altered the hydrology of coastal salt marshes resulting in submergence and subsequent degradation of ecosystem function. A potential method of rehabilitating these systems is the addition of sediment-slurries to increase the elevation of the marsh surface, thus ameliorating the effects of excessive inundation. Although this technique is growing in popularity, the successful restoration of ecological function after sediment addition has received little attention. The purpose of this research was to determine if sediment subsidized salt marshes are functionally equivalent to natural marshes and whether salt marshes …

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Experimental Design, Synthesis And Application Of Molecular Micelle Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles For Drug Delivery Systems And Free Radical Detection, Gabriela M. Ganea Visser Jan 2009

Experimental Design, Synthesis And Application Of Molecular Micelle Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles For Drug Delivery Systems And Free Radical Detection, Gabriela M. Ganea Visser

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles such as poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles have been extensively studied as drug delivery systems for a variety of pharmaceutical agents. Nanoparticle surface properties are primarily determined by the emulsifiers used in the synthesis process, which have a significant impact on nanoparticle physico-chemical and biological properties. Anionic amino acid – based molecular micelles were used in the emulsification process to prepare monodisperse, small (below 100 nm) PLGA nanoparticles with a well defined spherical shape. Such molecular micelle – modified nanoparticles were used as drug carriers for delivery of antioxidants. Thymoquinone is a natural antioxidant, and an …

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Iron Mediated Pecipitation Of Phenol: Protein Aggregates From Sugar Cane Juice, Lee R. Madsen Ii Jan 2009

Iron Mediated Pecipitation Of Phenol: Protein Aggregates From Sugar Cane Juice, Lee R. Madsen Ii

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The Louisiana cane sugar industry is moving toward a vertically integrated arrangement where raw sugar producers will have an interest in refining. In the sugar refining process, raw sugar is affined to remove ~50 % of the color. The new refinery that will be built in Louisiana, however, will not include affining stations. To reduce costs of refining, either affining stations will need to be installed at each mill or new technologies that provide equivalent color reduction (~50% or ~750 IU) need to be implemented. As part of this dissertation a new technology for color reduction at raw sugar mills …

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Bottom Boundary Layer Physics And Sediment Transport Along A Transgressive Sand Body, Ship Shoal, South-Central Louisiana: Implications For Fluvial Sediments And Winter Storms, Daijiro Kobashi Jan 2009

Bottom Boundary Layer Physics And Sediment Transport Along A Transgressive Sand Body, Ship Shoal, South-Central Louisiana: Implications For Fluvial Sediments And Winter Storms, Daijiro Kobashi

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Ship Shoal, a shore-parallel sand body, was recently recognized as having a unique physical and biological environment and also as a potential sand resource for coastal restoration in coastal Louisiana. Little is known regarding such dynamics, in concert with fluvial sediments and winter storms, influenced in unique ecosystems, and likely in future potential sand mining. This dissertation addresses such the morphodynamics and sedimentary processes and their implications for the mining from the shoal using field measurements and numerical modeling studies. During the winter-spring season, fluvial sediment plumes shifted from the prevailing west to southeast during the post-frontal phases, resulted in …

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Scanning Probe Microscopy Investigations Of (1) Arrays Of Cysteine-Coated Cds Nanoparticles And (2) Structures Formed During The Early Stages Of The Corrosion Of Copper Surfaces, Brian Robert Lewandowski Jan 2009

Scanning Probe Microscopy Investigations Of (1) Arrays Of Cysteine-Coated Cds Nanoparticles And (2) Structures Formed During The Early Stages Of The Corrosion Of Copper Surfaces, Brian Robert Lewandowski

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) characterizations are becoming more prevalent for surface investigations due to their capabilities for obtaining structural information and physical measurements. New capabilities of SPM for studying and controlling nanoscale processes are emerging as valuable assets in research. A fundamental understanding of the interactions of surface reactions provides essential information for developing workable applications for nanotechnology. Two applications of SPM are discussed in this dissertation. The first investigation uses atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the characterization of nanostructures produced with a newly developed lithographic technique called “two-particle” lithography. This new technique is based on particle lithography for the …

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Topics In Quantum Optical Metrology, Aravind Chiruvelli Jan 2009

Topics In Quantum Optical Metrology, Aravind Chiruvelli

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Quantum optical metrology deals with estimation of an unknown parameter by exploiting the non-classical properties of the light. The unknown parameter that we are trying to estimate is the optical phase. Precise optical phase measurement has been a well-known problem and has many applications, most notably the gravitational wave detection. In this thesis we investigate the interferometric measurement schemes. We consider the parity detection for a class of input states that have been shown to exhibit sub-shot noise limited phase estimate with their respective detection schemes. Our results indicate that the parity detection applies to all these strategies with various …

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Miocene Herpetofaunas From The Central Gulf Coast Usa: Their Paleoecology, Biogeography, And Biostratigraphy, Michael John Williams Jan 2009

Miocene Herpetofaunas From The Central Gulf Coast Usa: Their Paleoecology, Biogeography, And Biostratigraphy, Michael John Williams

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The late Barstovian Fort Polk herpetofauna represents the most diverse herpetofauna on the Gulf Coast, USA, and includes 15 genera from ten families. The herpetofaunal composition of Fort Polk and Miocene east Texas localities is similar enough to Great Plains localities that they are all considered to be one biogeographical province during the Barstovian. The use of ternary diagrams, ratios of herpetological elements to kg matrix screened, and natricine-colubrine indices, has allowed determining the wetness of the Fort Polk sites. Development of a composite stratigraphic section for North American fossil snakes has allowed recognition of two extinctions of fossil snakes …

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Derivatization Of Porphyrins For Dna And Metal Ion Binding, Especially By Employing Secondary Sulfonamide Links, Janet Manono Jan 2009

Derivatization Of Porphyrins For Dna And Metal Ion Binding, Especially By Employing Secondary Sulfonamide Links, Janet Manono

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Porphyrins are of exceptional importance in nature, science and technology: For instance, as ligands for metals in supramolecular synthesis, as photosenstizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT), and as building blocks for electronic devices. In addition to their application in cancer therapy, porphyrin species also exhibit antiviral activity. New meso-tetraarylporphyrins (TArP, Ar = -C6H4-) of the general formula, T(R1R2NSO2Ar)P, with R1 = N-py-n-CH2 (n = 2, 3 or 4) or SO3- and R2 = H or CH3 were synthesized. These groups were linked to the …

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Fabrication Of Nanostructured Surfaces With Well-Defined Chemistry Using Particle Lithography, Jie-Ren Li Jan 2009

Fabrication Of Nanostructured Surfaces With Well-Defined Chemistry Using Particle Lithography, Jie-Ren Li

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Natural self-assembly processes provide nanofabrication capabilities for designing surfaces with nanoscale control of surface chemistry and relative orientation of the nanomaterials on the surfaces. Particle lithography was used to produce periodic arrays of protein nanostructures. Monodisperse mesoparticles can be applied to rapidly prepare millions of uniform protein nanostructures on flat surfaces using the conventional benchtop chemistry steps of mixing, centrifuging, evaporation and drying. Nanopatterns of bovine serum albumin and staphylococcal protein A were produced with particle lithography. The immobilized proteins remain attached to the surface and form nanopatterns over micron areas corresponding to the thickness of a single layer of …

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