Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis Of Quinoline N-Oxide And Isoquinoline N-Oxide With Zinc Halides, Nitrates, Perchlorates., Erin N. Groneck

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

We have worked to analyze the chemistry between aromatic N-oxides, Quinoline N-oxide and Isoquinoline N-oxide, with zinc halides, nitrates, and perchlorates by X-ray crystallography. These structures were formed by reaction of the aromatic N-oxides with an equivalent of the zinc halide, nitrate, or perchlorate. These N-oxides had been chosen due to being the focus of this study. We will present the crystallographic X-ray structures of the synthesized novel complexes of the N-oxides with either a zinc halide, zinc nitrate, and zinc perchlorate.

Time Travel: Scientists And Their Contributions Towards The Discoveries Of The Atom And Atomic Properties, Austin Wright

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

The discovery of the atom and its associated components and properties paved the way for laying the foundation of chemistry related knowledge. However, the historical discoveries of each individual component are often forgotten or ignored due to the students‰Ûª innate belief of it ‰Û÷being difficult‰Ûª to remember such specific information. To assist students with grasping the properties of the atom and its components, a timeline-assisted chronology of atomic discoveries was created. Our objective is to present the scientists, with their individual contributions to atomic theory, along with the year it was discovered in an interactive manner. Using this timeline, students …

Up-Conversion Emissions Of Er3 Doped Gd2(Wo4)3 Phosphors, Grayson Wiggins

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Photon up-conversion is a luminescent process which changes incoming low energy light into a higher energy form of light, such as infrared into visible light. This process is very popular and applicable to TV displays, bio-labels, and solar cells. The work to be presented is about erbium's ability to convert infrared laser light in green light by photon up-conversion. The trivalent erbium is doped into gadolinium tungstate in order to research the efficiency and mechanisms involved in the up-conversion process. Although still currently being research, it has already shown promising results including low photon energies, economic synthesis, and naked-eye up-conversion, …

Intramolecular Cross-Linking Of Beta Subunits And Pegylation Of Bovine Stroma Free Hemoglobin For Use As A Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier, Gil Salazar

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Purified Bovine Stroma-Free Hemoglobin's (BSFHb) two beta subunits where intramolecularly cross-linked (BXLHb) using bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate (DBBF) and further modified with Polyethylene glycol (BPEGXLHb) for possible use as a Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier (HBOC). Each stage of modification was characterized by size exclusion chromatography and fluorescence methods. We prepared several different molar ratios of DBBF and BSFHb to acquire the highest yield of BXLHb. Cross-linking of the beta subunits will stabilize the whole Hb tetramer from dissociation and prevent unwanted degradation of the HBOC. We prepared a sample modified with PEG (PEGylation) that had a molecular weight of 5kDa. PEGylation increases …

Inhibitory Effects Of Vinegar And Plant Essential Oils Against Airborne Molds Collected Near A Dairy Farm, Nosa Lloyd Nwaonumah, Tedd Gandy, Teyaijah Givens, Atin Adhikari

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Mold growths are common in damp areas of a dairy farm and airborne mold spores and mold toxins could be hazardous for workers and animals. Mold growth often returns after remediation. The cleaning of molds in these situations by farm owners requires some mold cleaners such as bleach or other chemical solutions. However, researchers are now concerned about adverse side effects of these chemical solutions and their use in an organic farm is not desirable. Plant based products such as grape fruit seed extracts and tea tree oil have demonstrated promising effect against growth of mold pure cultures in our …

Microwave Assisted Synthesis Of Tri-Substituted Pyridazine Exploration, Austin Wright

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Pyridazines are nitrogen-containing compounds that have been found to show a number of pharmaceutical applications. They exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, and antibacterial properties to name a few. In particular: 3,4,6-triphenylpyridazine derivatives are known to possess anticancer properties. The purpose of this project is to synthesize tri-substituted pyridazine derivatives using microwave-assisted reactions, and to check its biological applications. Microwave synthesis will help shorten reaction times and produce high, efficient yields. Various catalysts, bases, reaction times, and temperatures will be explored to study the scope of the reactions.

Effects Of Rapid Ph And Salinity Change On The Physiology Of A Local Estuarine Fish Species, Fundulus Heteroclitus, Shauna Tietze

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Coastal Georgia offers a wide variety of unique aquatic environments, one of the most variable of these environments are salt marshes. Sapelo Island, Georgia, is a pristine environment that is home to many variable salt marshes. Throughout marshes, salinity ranges from freshwater to full strength sea water and acidity levels range from neutral (pH 7) to low pH (pH < 4.5). Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish) is an example of an organism that has evolved coping strategies to withstand such a variable environment. Many laboratory studies have shown that F. heteroclitus exhibit a broad tolerance range of single stressors, however few have studied their ability to handle multiple stressors simultaneously. Our goal is to determine if exposure to low salinity and low pH combined is more stressful to F. heteroclitus than individual exposure to low salinity or low pH. To address this area of interest a laboratory experiment was designed. F. heteroclitus were captured from a site with neutral pH (6.8) and mid-range salinity (16 ppt) and held in the laboratory for one month at the same water conditions. The water conditions of the capture site represents similar conditions to where the fish were most commonly found on the island. Fish were then placed in tanks with four different water treatments; low salinity, low pH, low salinity and low pH combined, and a control and held at these conditions for one week. Six fish were sampled from each treatment group at 24 hours, 5 days, and 7 days post transfer. During sampling fish were euthanized, the gills were taken for gene expression analysis and the rest of the body was used for cortisol analysis. Changes in the mRNA expression levels of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator and Na /K -ATPase were compared between treatments using qRT-PCR analysis. These genes have been shown to play an important role in ion regulation in the gills by altering cell volume and ion movement in the sodium/potassium pump. Cortisol was also analyzed using an ELISA kit (Neogen) as a general stress response measure. I hypothesize that results from gene expression and cortisol analysis will show that F. heteroclitus challenged with low salinity and low pH combined experience a higher level of stress compared to fish challenged with only low salinity or low pH, exhibited by an increase in cortisol levels and increased expression of genes responsible for ion balance The information gained from this project will provide a better understanding of the stress this species exhibits due to rapid pH and salinity change. As well as, whether fish can rapidly adapt to changing conditions. Given the ubiquity of the common killifish and its importance in estuarine food webs, these data may provide insight into how we can manage and maintain diverse fish populations and support ecosystem functioning.

Bacteriophage As An Alternative Indicator For Microbiological Pollution At Marine Beaches, Javier Gallard

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Beaches contaminated by waterborne pathogens cause a variety of diseases. Studies show enterococci, a common fecal indicator bacteria, are not associated with emerging pathogens and bacteriophages could be better indicators for waterborne pathogens. This study examines the occurrence of two bacteriophages and their relation with enterococci in a marine beach known for high levels of pollution.

Monthly samples were collected from four sites at Saint Andrews and Clam Creek Beach on Jekyll Island. Tidal influences were investigated by collecting samples at 7 a.m., 12 p.m., 3 p.m., and 7 p.m. Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH were also collected. US …

Investigating The Role Of Itga6 In Tumor Development, Shauntell Luke

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Cancer research is a large topic in science, because over 14 million people are diagnosed worldwide, and of those, 8 million will die annually. Traditional therapies are the mainstays of treatment strategies, but a cure less invasive or with less side effects have not yet been identified. In order to develop a better cure, we need to understand the tumor and molecules present in its tissues. Integrins, cell surface proteins that aid in cell communication, have been found in the tumor tissues of several types of cancers, including prostate and neuroblastomas. Integrin alpha-6 (ITGA6), in particular, has been found to …

Developing Molecular Tools For Diagnosis Of Human Ehrlichiosis, Megan Mears

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Background: Ehrlichia chaffeensis, E. ewingii, E. muris and E. canis are known to cause febrile illnesses in humans and dogs. These pathogens are transmitted by ticks, and infection is established following invasion of the human or dog white blood cells. Ehrlichia chaffeensis infections of humans have a fatality rate up to 5%. Ehrlichia ewingii displays antigenic cross-reactivity with E. chaffeensis; however, laboratory case confirmation is difficult because E. ewingii is not cultivable so antigens and genetic data are hard to acquire. Our project will develop approaches and tools to characterize E. ewingii surface protein gene homologous to the major 120 …

Investigations Of Synthetic Fuels: S8 And Sasol Ipk To Determine The Possibility Of Alternate Fuels In The Aerospace Industry, Scott M. Dyke

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Investigations of Synthetic Fuels: S8 and Sasol IPK to Determine the Possibility of Operation as Alternate Fuels in the Aerospace Industry

Name: Scott Dyke

Co-Authors: Martin Muinos, Julia Heimberger, Dr. Valentin Soloiu,

An ever-growing society that becomes more and more dependent on a finite energy source will eventually exceed its supply. Fossil fuel quantities are continuously decreasing and new solutions are needed. According to the United States Department of Transportation, over 10 billion gallons of airline fuels have been consumed in each of the past 15 years with some years over 13 billion gallons. In the meantime, fuel costs have …

Packing Densities Of Colored And Non-Colored Patterns, Matthew R. Just

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Pattern packing concerns finding an optimal permutation that contains the maximum number of occurrences of a given pattern and computing the corresponding packing density. In many instances such an optimal permutation can be characterized directly and the number of occurrences of the pattern in interest may be enumerated explicitly. In more complicated patterns a direct characterization may be more challenging, however computational results for long permutations can help provide an indirect characterization of the general form of an optimal permutation. Much work has been done on the study of pattern packing in layered patterns, as the optimal permutation of a …