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Articles 61 - 73 of 73
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
United States Land Cover Land Use Change, Albedo And Radiative Forcing: Past And Potential Climate Implications, Christopher A. Barnes
United States Land Cover Land Use Change, Albedo And Radiative Forcing: Past And Potential Climate Implications, Christopher A. Barnes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Land Cover Land Use (LCLU) change affects Earth surface properties including albedo that impose a radiative forcing on the climate. Recent spatially explicit satellite derived contemporary LCLU, albedo, and projected LCLU data are used to study the impact of LCLU change from 1973 to 2000, and from 2000 to 2050, on albedo and surface radiative forcing for the conterminous United States. Four research hypotheses concerned with past and potential future climate implications of LCLU change are addressed. The research described in this dissertation makes an important contribution to advancing understanding of the role of LCLU change on the climate system, …
Characterization Of Firn Microstructure Using Scanning Electron Microscopy: Implications For Physical Properties Measurements And Climate Reconstructions, Nicole Spaulding
Characterization Of Firn Microstructure Using Scanning Electron Microscopy: Implications For Physical Properties Measurements And Climate Reconstructions, Nicole Spaulding
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Samples from 12 East Antarctic firn and ice cores were analyzed using scanning electron micrcoscopy (SEM) in order to first develop a technique for the accurate characterization of physical properties and then to investigate the relationship between the physical microstructure and chemical properties. Both physical properties, such as grain size and porosity, and chemical properties, such as major ion and trace element concentration, provide information about atmospheric temperature changes, impurity content, accumulation rate and deformation history; therefore the characterization of both types of properties is necessary. Further, knowledge of the relationship between the physical and chemical properties may increase our …
The Response Of A General Circulation Climate Model Tohigh Latitude Freshwater Forcing In The Atlantic Basinwith Respect Totropi, Victor Paulis
The Response Of A General Circulation Climate Model Tohigh Latitude Freshwater Forcing In The Atlantic Basinwith Respect Totropi, Victor Paulis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The current cycle of climate change along with increases in hurricane activity, changing precipitation patterns, glacial melt, and other extremes of weather has led to interest and research into the global correlation or teleconnection between these events. Examination of historical climate records, proxies and observations is leading to formulation of hypotheses of climate dynamics with modeling and simulation being used to test these hypotheses as well as making projections. Ocean currents are believed to be an important factor in climate change with thermohaline circulation (THC) fluctuations being implicated in past cycles of abrupt change. Freshwater water discharge into high-latitude oceans …
A Late Holocene Reconstruction Of Ocean Climate Variability In The Gulf Of Maine, Usa, Based On Calibrated Isotope Records And Growth Histories From The Long-Lived Ocean Quahog (Arctica Islandica L.), Alan D. Wanamaker
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Understanding regional patterns of interannual to decadal-scale climate variability over the past 1000 years is critical for evaluating recently observed trends in atmosphere/ocean conditions, particularly in highly-productive ecosystems such as the Gulf of Maine (GOM) that are sensitive to minor changes in climate and/or changes in slope water input. To develop quantitative relationships between bivalve shell chemistry (d18Oc) and growing conditions, aquaculture-based experiments were developed using Mytilus edulis collected in the GOM and Greenland. These experiments yielded a highly accurate and precise paleothermometer [e.g., T °C = 16.28 (± 0.10) - 4.57 (± 0.15) {d18Oc VPBD – d18Ow VSMOW} + …
The Weather Of 1785: An Interdisciplinary Approach To Meteorological Reconstruction Using Forensic Synoptic Analysis, Louis K. Mcnally
The Weather Of 1785: An Interdisciplinary Approach To Meteorological Reconstruction Using Forensic Synoptic Analysis, Louis K. Mcnally
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the work is to discern differences and similarities in synoptic-scale rneteorology by reconstructing the weather of the year 1785 on a daily basis. This is accomplished by compiling data from both homogenous and non-homogenous observational records, and from historical anecdotal evidence as recorded in diaries, archives and contemporary publications. Through this reconstruction, it is possible to infer some characteristics of the global circulation of 1785. With forensic techniques, I develop meteorological parameters from anecdotal evidence. These data are combined with meteorological observational records to produce a database from which semi-diurnal weather maps can be constructed. Sources include …
Is Mwp 1a Real And Could It Have Originated In The Northern Hemisphere In Response To Bolling Warming, Sean D. Birkel
Is Mwp 1a Real And Could It Have Originated In The Northern Hemisphere In Response To Bolling Warming, Sean D. Birkel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Meltwater Pulse 1A (MWP 1A) is thought to have encompassed an abrupt rise in sea-level of 19 - 24 m ca. 14,000 calendar years B.P. The postulated rate of sea-level rise during the event was 24 - 50 mrnJyr. In contrast, the average rate of change during the overall glacial termination was 13 mrn/yr. Although MWP 1A is commonly accepted at face value, a compilation of all basic data points casts doubts on its validity. The Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) is commonly cited as the source of MWP 1A. Accelerated discharge of freshwater from the ice sheet could have weakened …
A 200-Year Sulfate Record From 16 Antarctic Ice Cores And Associations With Southern Ocean Sea Ice Extent, Daniel A. Dixon
A 200-Year Sulfate Record From 16 Antarctic Ice Cores And Associations With Southern Ocean Sea Ice Extent, Daniel A. Dixon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Data from sixteen, 50m- to 115m-deep, sub-annually dated ice cores are used to examine the recent spatial and temporal concentration variability of sea salt (ss)S04 " and excess (xs)S04 " over West Antarctica for the last 200 years. The preservation of seasonal layers throughout the length of each record results in a dating accuracy of better than one year based on known global scale volcanic events. A dual transport source for West 9 9 Antarctic SSSO4 " and XSSO4 " is observed: lower tropospheric for areas below 1000m elevation and mid-upper tropospheric/stratospheric for areas located above 1000m. The XSSO4 " …
Modeling Bird Species Occurrence In Current And Future Landscapes, Stephen Nicholas Matthews
Modeling Bird Species Occurrence In Current And Future Landscapes, Stephen Nicholas Matthews
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With mounting evidence that global temperatures have increased significantly over the last century and the projections of greater changes in climate by the end of this century, understanding the potential consequences of these changes for species is essential to conservation efforts. Here I evaluate the potential response of birds to projected climate change by using regression tree analysis to create models of species distributions under current conditions from Breeding Bird Survey data and then project these models onto General Circulation Model (GCM) scenarios of global climate change. Before modeling species responses to climate change, I selected seventeen bird species to …
Stable Sulfur Isotope Rations From West Antarctica And The Tien Shan Mountains: Sulfur Cycle Characteristics From Two Environmentally Distinct Areas, Lee Pruett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Continuous snow pit and ice core samples from two distinct environments (West Antarctica and the Tien Shan mountains in central Asia) were analyzed for 6 3 4 ~ and used to assess different regional sulfur cycle characteristics. In West Antarctica, 18 continuous samples were obtained from the RIDSA ice core (78.73"S, 116.33"W, 1740 m asl), covering the years 1935 to 1976. Each sample represents from 2 to 3 years of snow deposition, and the combination of summer and winter seasons varies by sample. 6 3 4 ~ values range from 3.1 %O to 9.9%0, and reflect the overall isotopic composition …
An Interhemispheric Comparison Of The Recession Of Mountain Glaciers In The Last 150 Years, Colby Smith
An Interhemispheric Comparison Of The Recession Of Mountain Glaciers In The Last 150 Years, Colby Smith
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Historical records in the Northern Hemisphere show overall glacier retreat since about AD 1860-1890. A glacial retreat of similar timing and magnitude in the Southern Hemisphere is less well established. Comparison of the timing and magnitude of glacial recession in the two polar hemispheres over the past century can elucidate mechanisms driving global climatic change. In order to determine the recession patterns of Murchison, Hooker, and Tasman Glaciers in the Southern Alps of New Zealand, geomorphic maps were constructed and recent glacial deposits were dated using lichenometry. Since the mid-to-late nineteenth century, each glacier terminus has retreated about 1.5 km. …
Growth Increment Analysis Of Marine Bivalves From The North, Stephen D. Houk
Growth Increment Analysis Of Marine Bivalves From The North, Stephen D. Houk
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study aids in developing a sea surface temperature (SST) proxy with monthly temporal resolution using a combination of growth increment and stable isotope analyses of marine bivalves from the north coast of Peru. Faunal assemblages from the Siches and Ostra Base Camp archaeological sites contain shells of warm-tropical mollusks that currently live farther north in Ecuador. The presence of warm-tropical species in these sites and others as far south as 10"s latitude and dating prior to 5730 cal yr B.P. indicates a stable warm-water regime in the eastern tropical Pacific which subsequently changes to a modern temperate-water regime after …
Surficial Geology And Geomorphology Of The Western Olympus Range, Antarctica: Implications For Ice-Sheet History, Brett Vandenheuvel
Surficial Geology And Geomorphology Of The Western Olympus Range, Antarctica: Implications For Ice-Sheet History, Brett Vandenheuvel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A widespread erosion surface passes across bedrock and sedimentary deposits in the western Dry Valleys sector of the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM), southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. The surface includes stoss-and-lee slopes, channels, potholes, scoured basins, and corrugated bedrock. These features have been taken to represent subglacial meltwater erosion beneath a greatly expanded East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) in the mid-Miocene (Denton et al. 1984, Marchant et al. 1993a). Sedimentary deposits that are typically associated with ice-sheet wastage, such as outwash, are not present on the erosion surface. The lack of these deposits indicates that the expanded ice-sheet postulated to be responsible …
Can A Little Ice Age Climate Signal Be Detected In The Southern Alps Of New Zealand?, Jessica L. Black
Can A Little Ice Age Climate Signal Be Detected In The Southern Alps Of New Zealand?, Jessica L. Black
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a late Holocene interval of climate cooling registered in the North Atlantic region by expansion of alpine glaciers and sea ice (Grove, 1988). Here the LIA includes an early phase from about AD 1280 to AD 1390, along with a main phase from about AD 1556 to AD 1860, followed by warming and ice retreat (Holzhauser and Zumbiihl, 1999a). It has recently been demonstrated from records of North Atlantic ice-rafted debris that the LIA is the latest cooling episode in a pervasive 1500-year cycle of the climate system that may lie at the heart …