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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Allylic Rearrangement In Nbs Bromination Reactions, Devann J. Harris, Bryanna L. Wichner
Allylic Rearrangement In Nbs Bromination Reactions, Devann J. Harris, Bryanna L. Wichner
Research & Creative Achievement Day
The allylic bromination of alkenes using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) is a useful and selective substitution reaction, in which bromine radicals abstract hydrogen from the alkene to form a resonance-stabilized radical intermediate. However, allylic rearrangement can be a consequence of the intermediate's two resonance structures. Some literature sources imply that NBS bromination gives only one major product from asymmetrical alkenes, e.g., 2-hexene and 2-heptene, even when they should form equally stable but non-equivalent resonance contributors. In this research, bromination of trans-2-hexene was performed using cyclohexane as the solvent, and the products were analyzed using GC-MS to determine if only one product, 4-bromo-2-hexene, …
Ruthenium Metal Complex Interaction With Dna Of Tumor Cells, Danielle N. Baca
Ruthenium Metal Complex Interaction With Dna Of Tumor Cells, Danielle N. Baca
Research & Creative Achievement Day
In this project, computational chemistry was used to dock variations of (p-Cymene)Ru(curcuminato)chloro (Ru-cur) in DNA strands to find the best affinity for potential anti-cancer drugs. The Ru-cur complex has been chosen as the metal anticancer complex because it is not very toxic, selective for cancer cells, and has ligand exchange kinetics similar to those of platinum. First the geometry of the Ru-cur complex was optimized via a quantum mechanical method. The GAMESS program was used for this portion. Once the geometry of the complex was optimized, docking programs were explored to find the best docking poses and binding energies for …
Experimental Impact Craters Into Sloped Targets, Ashley L. Miller, Mark Cintala, Christopher Cline
Experimental Impact Craters Into Sloped Targets, Ashley L. Miller, Mark Cintala, Christopher Cline
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Impact cratering is a process that shapes every planetary body in our solar system, including the Earth. On smaller planetary objects without atmospheres like the Moon and asteroids (e.g. Vesta and Ceres), impact cratering creates a rough surface with varying topography as opposed to a flat, horizontal surface. In general, impact cratering experiments are performed into flat targets to simplify the physics and model craters at larger planetary scales. However, the smallest craters that form on planetary surfaces are greatly affected by the local topography and cannot be understood by looking at experiments into flat targets. Dr. Anderson and her …
Optimizing Keyboard Layouts For English Text, David Sommerfield
Optimizing Keyboard Layouts For English Text, David Sommerfield
Research & Creative Achievement Day
QWERTY has been the de facto layout for English text input since its invention in 1874. Its continued usage has led to concerns about its ergonomic shortcomings. Previous attempts at layout creation have usually relied on manual observations of typing data rather than a predictive model. To address this issue, we propose a methodology that incorporates both corpus data from 22 million English websites and 8,228 hours of real-world typing data from participants. The corpus data is processed into bigrams and their number of occurrences. The typing data is preprocessed to exclude user-made typos, and then each bigram is tabulated …
Analysis Of Rabies Neutralizing Antibody Titers In The Feline Population Of Winona County, Olivia M. Hendrickson, Jensen K. Christensen
Analysis Of Rabies Neutralizing Antibody Titers In The Feline Population Of Winona County, Olivia M. Hendrickson, Jensen K. Christensen
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Canine rabies vaccination, vital for both animal and human health, is well studied and understood. In contrast, our understanding of feline rabies vaccinations, particularly with those that have a compromised immune status, is much less comprehensive. The purpose of this project is to enhance our current knowledge of feline vaccination states through a surveillance study on the feline rabies antibody titer in Winona County's cat population. Specifically, we seek to explore the relationship between an individual feline's immune status and their active anti-rabies antibody titer. To achieve this, we conducted a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay to determine the total …
Investigating Chemotherapeutic Resistance In Glioblastoma Multiforme A, Katrina M. Yaeger
Investigating Chemotherapeutic Resistance In Glioblastoma Multiforme A, Katrina M. Yaeger
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Glioblastoma (GBM) multiforme A is a highly variable, grade four cancer that affects the glial tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Cancer cells, including GBM, have purine metabolism markers that make them distinguishable for biochemical research, marked through the rate limiting step in the conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to guanosine triphosphate (GTP), catalyzed by inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Cell cultures for both 3T3 cells, used to study normal cell cycles, and GBM cells were grown and replicated, until sufficient cells existed to extract the desired proteins. These proteins were then run through a gel electrophoresis apparatus, followed by …
Making Mutations In A Vrk1 Plasmid, Madeline M. Thoemke
Making Mutations In A Vrk1 Plasmid, Madeline M. Thoemke
Research & Creative Achievement Day
One of the most common types of mutations is point mutations, which change a single amino acid, sometimes by changing a single nucleotide. These mutations can cause the protein to fold incorrectly or change how it interacts with other molecules. This research used biochemistry methods to prepare mutated proteins to simulate their behavior in the body. Mutations in the protein VRK1 were chosen for this project. VRK1 is present in human tissues and influences cellular division and RNA processing.VRK1 mutations P79L, A66G, and R219Ihave been linked to neurological disorders and were chosen for this project. Our procedure used biochemistry techniques …
My Experience As An It Data Intern, Annajo V. Vonseth
My Experience As An It Data Intern, Annajo V. Vonseth
Research & Creative Achievement Day
This poster presentation is focused on my internship as an IT Data Intern with B’nai B’rith Youth Organization (BBYO). I was able to use the skills already learned through courses here at WSU to help project and produce high-end reports. Additionally, I was in-charge of the creation of the survey all the way to creating the PowerPoint presentation with the results. I will also discuss how Microsoft Suites played a huge role in my day-to-day work, from large, complex data sets to cleaning and refining old data, I will be discussing the skills I learned during my time as an …
Using Data Visualizations To Analyze Employee Performance At Xcel Energy, Abby Venz
Using Data Visualizations To Analyze Employee Performance At Xcel Energy, Abby Venz
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Companies often are curious about their employee performance. But how, exactly, do they analyze this? As a Data Analytics Intern for Xcel Energy, I was in charge of doing just this. This poster will walk you through the methods used to analyze and model employee performance, as well as the results found and the different ways managers at Xcel Energy used them
Data Analytics Internship At Fastenal, Jacob J. Haines
Data Analytics Internship At Fastenal, Jacob J. Haines
Research & Creative Achievement Day
The poster will present the results from an analysis of Fastenal's customer base to find characteristics among them that serve as useful predictors of their spending habits. This will allow Fastenal to create more accurate control groups when assessing the effectiveness of various marketing initiatives. This poster acts as the communication of capstone experience outcomes which is required for Data Science majors in addition to the capstone experience.
Uncharted: Measuring Beyond The Inner Galaxy, Carly J. Fitzgerald, Sammy Schneider, Landyn Schroeder
Uncharted: Measuring Beyond The Inner Galaxy, Carly J. Fitzgerald, Sammy Schneider, Landyn Schroeder
Research & Creative Achievement Day
My goal in conducting my research was to measure the speed of matter in the Milky Way galaxy using CHART -- the Completely Hackable Amateur Radio Telescope is an inexpensive, constructable telescope used to detect radio frequency waves in the galaxy. Using these waves and the doppler shift equation, I was able to measure the velocity of hydrogen gas in the inner galaxy. In doing this successfully, I was able to graph the relationship between the velocity and radius which is the rotational curve of the inner galaxy. I then collected and used additional data to calculate the rotational curve …
Anomalies Within Winona Campus On Protected Wavelengths, Landyn L. Schroeder, Carly Fitzgerald, Sammy Schneider
Anomalies Within Winona Campus On Protected Wavelengths, Landyn L. Schroeder, Carly Fitzgerald, Sammy Schneider
Research & Creative Achievement Day
The present study is being conducted with the intention of identifying where, why, and what is transmitting a radio signal of 1419 mmHg. This anomaly is intriguing because 1400-1427 mmHg waves are protected. Because this is a protected wave, it was interesting that it was being transmitted on Winona State Campus which is where the team began research. To gain information, the research team cast the horn to the sky at an elevation of 37 degrees and in the directions of 344 , 213, 143, and 60 degrees bearing, respectively. Now that this baseline information has been collected, the team …
Developing An Enzymatic Assay For Wine Analysis, Taylor M. Pagel
Developing An Enzymatic Assay For Wine Analysis, Taylor M. Pagel
Research & Creative Achievement Day
During malolactic fermentation (MLF), malic acid is fermented into lactic acid by the bacteria Oenococcus oeni. During this process, malic acid is then converted into lactic acid, converting sour flavors in the wine to buttery. Here we present an enzymatic method to determine the malate/lactate ratio of wines during MLF. Fresh juice samples had detectable amounts of malate, while wine samples had mixed results, as expected. MLF was initiated in a freshly fermented pre-MLF sample of St. Pepin wine and a decreasing trend of malate over time was detected, as predicted. This was compared to increasing levels of lactate in …
Late 3d Transition Metal Complexes Of Bis(Diphenylphosphino)Methane Dichalcogenide Ligands, Connor J. Lehner
Late 3d Transition Metal Complexes Of Bis(Diphenylphosphino)Methane Dichalcogenide Ligands, Connor J. Lehner
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Complexes of bis(diphenylphosphino)methane dichalcogenides (dppmE2, E = O, S, Se) have been prepared for Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) by combination with respective nitrate salts. These ligands are relatively unexplored for 1st row transition metals – with no existing reports of metal complexes for dppmSe2. All obtained complexes were paramagnetic precluding characterization by NMR spectroscopy. An array of methods have been employed to ascertain the structural and electronic forms of all obtained complexes as both tetrahedral and octahedral geometries, corresponding to systems with two or three ligands, respectively, are plausible. Additionally, Co(II) complexes, as d7 systems, could be found in either …
Genetic Association In Entylia Carinata Using Random Forest Classification, Caden J. Harper
Genetic Association In Entylia Carinata Using Random Forest Classification, Caden J. Harper
Research & Creative Achievement Day
The goal of this research was to identify locations in the genome of the Entylia carinata, known as the treehopper, that are associated with anomalous behavior exhibited by the species. Treehoppers are phytophagous insects and are shown to feed, reproduce, and rear their young on specific aster species. Observation has shown that the insects will disregard potential mates in close proximity in favor of those that originate from the same plant species as themselves. This behavior suggests genetic separation in the species based on plant nativity and warrants genetic analysis. Machine learning offers an effective genetic association technique due to …
Enhancing R2l Intrusion Detection Using Decision Trees, Stephen Sommer
Enhancing R2l Intrusion Detection Using Decision Trees, Stephen Sommer
Research & Creative Achievement Day
In the age of advancing technology, artificial intelligence, and big data, Remote to Local (R2L) attacks are increasingly threatening cloud computing environments, heightening concerns about security and privacy. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) using Artificial Intelligence play a role in safeguarding data integrity within databases by swiftly identifying and isolating suspicious records. Furthermore, machine learning techniques enhance the effectiveness of these IDS by continuously adapting to new attack patterns and improving accuracy. This research investigates the use of Decision Tree, a Machine Learning Algorithm for enhancing Remote to Local (R2L) intrusion detection capabilities, utilizing the KDD Cup 1999 dataset and the …
Development Of New Synthetic Routes For Ebselen In Pursuit Of The First Synthesis Of Ebtellur, Elijah Kellner, Creed Poppler
Development Of New Synthetic Routes For Ebselen In Pursuit Of The First Synthesis Of Ebtellur, Elijah Kellner, Creed Poppler
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Ebselen, N-phenyl-1,2-benzoisoselenazol-3(2H)-one, an established anti-oxidant and cytoprotective agent, has been assessed for an array of pharmaceutical applications in treating a multitude of disorders and maladies. It has further been identified as an anti-microbial and anti-viral agent against multiple infectious agents and has even been FDA-approved for a variety of these applications. While ebselen has captured pharmaceutical interest, its tellurium analogue, ebtellur, has yet to be successfully obtained, and in only one case was an attempt to obtain ebtellur reported. We have developed multiple new synthetic routes specifically targeting the first synthesis of ebtellur and discuss the viability of each pathway …
Hplc And Cms Analysis Of Clomipramine Metabolism: A Multi-Drug Study, Tess E. Buescher, Tu Khiem Ho, Kyler Ford
Hplc And Cms Analysis Of Clomipramine Metabolism: A Multi-Drug Study, Tess E. Buescher, Tu Khiem Ho, Kyler Ford
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Daily use of multiple medications is commonplace for many Americans. While pharmacists monitor prescriptions for drug interactions, consumers rarely check the possible side effects when using an over-the-counter product. In this fictional case study, Sam is prescribed clomipramine and ciprofloxacin, while also taking Tylenol PM. All three medications are orally administered, and drug metabolism is catalyzed in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450). CYP isoenzymes CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 are responsible for clomipramine metabolism and formation of major bioactive metabolite desmethylclomipramine, while CYP2D6 hydroxylates clomipramine and metabolite into hydroxyclomipramine and hydroxydesmethylclomipramine, respectively. Multi-drug use can inhibit or induce metabolic …
It Application Administrator Internship, Payton Simmons
It Application Administrator Internship, Payton Simmons
Research & Creative Achievement Day
This presentation is a focus on my internship with Fastenal as an IT Application Administrator. I'll talk about some of my daily tasks as well as the CMDB installation that will take place in the future. I am incredibly grateful to everyone who helped make this position possible because it gave me a wealth of knowledge that I will use in the near future.
Exploration Of Known Disease-Causing Vrk1 Mutants, Madelyn M. Degenhardt
Exploration Of Known Disease-Causing Vrk1 Mutants, Madelyn M. Degenhardt
Research & Creative Achievement Day
VRK1 is a vaccinia-related serine/threonine kinase that contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation. Point mutations within the VRK1 sequence are associated with a variety of complex neurodegenerative disorders which previous research suggests are due to changes in kinase activity and/or structure and stability. Point mutations seen with VRK1 may affect how a tail on the C-terminus of the protein interacts with the protein's active site, possibly altering the ability of the protein to bind to specific substrates. This study looked specifically at the point mutation D263G and its effect on protein stability and ability to bind substrates at its …
Synthesis Of Activated Carbon From Spent Coffee Beans, Alyssa Priebe, Jennifer Zemke
Synthesis Of Activated Carbon From Spent Coffee Beans, Alyssa Priebe, Jennifer Zemke
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Activated carbon is a material that is used in various industries. An important way that activated carbon is used, is to remove impurities and contaminants from water. Activated carbon is used to filter out odors and pollutants such as organic compounds by adsorbing and trapping these molecules within the structure of the carbon. The goal of this research is to synthesize activated carbon from spent coffee grounds. To this end, we are developing and tuning a protocol for the synthesis of activated carbon via a Microwave-Assisted Reaction System (MARS-TA). Variables investigated in this study are the amount of phosphoric acid …
Characterizing A Vertebrate Microsite In The Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, Anna L. Luessman
Characterizing A Vertebrate Microsite In The Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, Anna L. Luessman
Research & Creative Achievement Day
The Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, located in Eastern Montana and parts of North and South Dakota, represents a tidally-influenced fluvial environment that was home to a thriving ecosystem 66 million years ago. Today the formation is made of mudstones and sandstones that contain many vertebrate fossil microsites. Microsites are concentrations of fossilized vertebrate bones and teeth ranging in size from fractions of a millimeter to several centimeters. These sites frequently contain many different species of animals and plants, allowing us to paint a picture of what that environment was like in the Late Cretaceous Period. For this study, I …
Utilizing Macroinvertebrate Communities And Chloride Levels To Evaluate Water Quality In Three Streams Near Winona, Minnesota, Amelia Engman, Izabella Setla
Utilizing Macroinvertebrate Communities And Chloride Levels To Evaluate Water Quality In Three Streams Near Winona, Minnesota, Amelia Engman, Izabella Setla
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Certain water quality and chloride levels are ideal for specific macroinvertebrate species. This study evaluates the water quality of three streams in and around Winona, Minnesota, using the macroinvertebrate communities present and chloride levels as indicators. Three upstream samples were taken and thoroughly examined at three different locations: Garvin Brook, Gilmore Creek, and Pleasant Valley Creek. During the snowmelt season, four sets of upstream and one set of downstream water samples were taken from each. The samples were analyzed using a Vernier chloride ion-selective electrode. The Izaak Walton League of America's Save Our Streams invertebrate classification system was used to …
An Analysis Of Major League Baseball Sabermetrics, Zack O. Fuller
An Analysis Of Major League Baseball Sabermetrics, Zack O. Fuller
Research & Creative Achievement Day
With baseball becoming an increasingly competitive sport, professional baseball teams are looking to the statistical side of the sport to find ways to win more games. With my analysis, I studied baseball statistics to look for interesting patterns and relationships. For example, I investigated the effect of a trade on a player's performance (both batters and pitchers) and analyzed the relationship between a player's performance and salary. My analysis also determined the statistics teams should utilize to win more games. To effectively analyze these patterns and relationships, visualizations were made in Tableau, and linear models were fit with R. Overall, …
Purification And Characterization Of Vrk2 For Further Research, Steven Richter
Purification And Characterization Of Vrk2 For Further Research, Steven Richter
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Kinases represent a vast and varied group of proteins, having more than 500 members in human beings alone. They have been found to be involved in various signal transduction pathways, ranging from embryonic development to apoptosis. The vaccinia-related kinases (VRKs) are a small sub-group of kinases containing three members: VRK1, VRK2, and VRK3. These proteins are involved in the cell cycle, cellular proliferation, chromatin condensation and gene transcription. VRK1 has been extensively studied not only for its normal biological roles, but also for its link to cancer. VRK2 is not as well studied as VRK1. However, the two kinases are …
Investigating The Comprehension Of Gpt's Interpretation Of Word Meanings, Longge Yuan
Investigating The Comprehension Of Gpt's Interpretation Of Word Meanings, Longge Yuan
Research & Creative Achievement Day
ChatGPT is a large-scale language model developed by OpenAI. Its purpose is to start a conversation with people and provide them with information ranging from simple facts to more complex topics. Trained on a large amount of text data, ChatGPT has shown us that it can understand human language and respond in a meaningful way. In this paper, we show a way to judge whether ChatGPT can accurately understand the various meanings of words and use them based on the answers output by ChatGPT. The five dimensions, each scored up to 5 points, are word explanation, etymology, synonyms and antonyms, …
Using 3d Printing To Illustrate Protein Modularity And Dynamics, Joanna M. Dinesen
Using 3d Printing To Illustrate Protein Modularity And Dynamics, Joanna M. Dinesen
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Many important enzymes are part of multi-subunit complexes that involve complex movements and interactions that are difficult to visualize via traditional 2-dimensional diagrams or in visualization software. Physical, 3-dimensional models are an especially effective way to illustrate abstract concepts within the curriculum, including about protein dynamics, subunit functions, pathway architectures, and the nature of protein-protein interactions. The usage of physical models in the classroom has been successful when teaching concepts such as enzyme catalysis and protein refolding, quantized by increased exam scores and positive student feedback. Here, we present work done to 3D print publicly available protein structures of the …
Student Laboratory For Synthesis And Characterization Of Proton Exchange Membranes, Christiana Hoyt
Student Laboratory For Synthesis And Characterization Of Proton Exchange Membranes, Christiana Hoyt
Research & Creative Achievement Day
The primary goal of this research was to improve the current Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Synthesis and Characterization laboratory exercise for CHEM 411-Synthesis and Characterization of Materials. Intended improvements to this lab included measuring conductivity of the PEM by finding the best procedure for creating the conductivity cell through both research and experiments in order to add electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the characterizations for the lab. Commercial membranes, such as Nafion, have multiple issues: high cost, high methanol permeability, poor function at elevated temperatures and at low humidity being some of them. Using PEEK to synthesize PEMs can be used …
Degradation Of Ovulation Inhibitor Estrogens Using Hplc Chromatography, Jenna Holst
Degradation Of Ovulation Inhibitor Estrogens Using Hplc Chromatography, Jenna Holst
Research & Creative Achievement Day
In recent years, there has been a rise in observed intersex aquatic species along with a rise of reproductive issues in humans. This has been linked to the endocrine disrupting properties of over 200 chemicals that have estrogenic activity and persist in aquatic environments. The focus of our research is the estrogens that are used in hormonal birth control as ovulation inhibitors. Between 2015-2017, 14% of US women aged 15-49 were using hormonal birth control. According to a study published in 2002, three estrogens that are used in hormonal birth controls as ovulation inhibitors, 17α-ethynyl estradiol, mestranol, and 19-norethisterone, occur …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Cdse Nanoparticles For Use In Solar Cells, Benjamin A. Carvell
Synthesis And Characterization Of Cdse Nanoparticles For Use In Solar Cells, Benjamin A. Carvell
Research & Creative Achievement Day
Over the last several years, interest in thin-film, nanoparticle-based solar cells have increased due to their potential to be low cost, tunable, and highly efficient when compared to other current solar cell technologies. In this research, cadmium selenide nanoparticles capped by oleic acid (CdSe-OLA) were synthesized. After those nanoparticles were synthesized, the bulky oleic acid ligand was exchanged with much smaller, more tunable ligands such as vanillic acid, malic acid, and Sodium 2,3-Dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS). This allows for easier energy transfer when applied to a solar cell. The successful synthesis of these nanoparticles was confirmed using FTIR, UV-vis, and NMR spectroscopy. …