Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Introductory Chemistry, Mona Muzammil

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Introductory Chemistry, this edition is designed for a one-semester, introductory or preparatory chemistry course. Students taking this course need to develop problem-solving skills-but they also must see why these skills are important to them and to their world. Introductory Chemistry extends chemistry from the laboratory to the student's world. It motivates students to learn chemistry by demonstrating how it plays out in their daily lives.

This book draws students into the course through engagement and building their foundational knowledge – while introducing new content and resources to help students build critical thinking and problem-solving skills. allowing students flexibility and ensuring …

Rigidity Of Ext And Tor Via Flat–Cotorsion Theory, Lars Winther Christensen, Luigi Ferraro, Peder Thompson

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Let p be a prime ideal in a commutative noetherian ring R and denote by k(p) the residue field of the local ring R_p. We prove that if an R-module M satisfies Ext_R^n(k(p),M) = 0 for some n >= dim R, then Ext_R^i(k(p),M) = 0 holds for all i >= n. This improves a result of Christensen, Iyengar, and Marley by lowering the bound on n. We also improve existing results on Tor-rigidity. This progress is driven by the existence of minimal semi-flat-cotorsion replacements in the derived category as recently proved by Nakamura and Thompson.

Experimental Studies On The Operation Of Agricultural Crops Mowing Unit With Simultaneous Chopping And Incorporation Of Stubble Into The Soil, Volodymyr Nadykto, Sergey Kiurchev, Tatiana Chorna, Taras Hutsol, Szymon Głowacki, Anatoliy Rud, Alona Shevtsova, Igor Ryabov, Katarzyna Szwedziak

Sociology Faculty Publications

For harvesting crops, one-phase and two-phase methods are most often used. When implementing the second one, mounted and trailed units are used. The latter is becoming less and less used due to the problems with movement stability in the horizontal plane because of the asymmetric layout. A stubble background, which is susceptible to solar and wind influences, is formed as a consequence of application of the mounted harvesting unit, As a result, the field’s soil in the inter-swath space intensively loses moisture. A harvesting unit based on a tractor with rear steerable wheels has been designed to eliminate this shortcoming. …

A Review Of Cyber Attacks On Sensors And Perception Systems In Autonomous Vehicle, Taminul Islam, Md. Alif Sheakh, Anjuman Naher Jui, Omar Sharif, Md Zobaer Hasan

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Vehicle automation has been in the works for a long time now. Automatic brakes, cruise control, GPS satellite navigation, etc. are all common features seen in today's automobiles. Automation and artificial intelligence breakthroughs are likely to lead to an increase in the usage of automation technologies in cars. Because of this, mankind will be more reliant on computer-controlled equipment and car systems in our daily lives. All major corporations have begun investing in the development of self-driving cars because of the rapid advancement of advanced driver support technologies. However, the level of safety and trustworthiness is still questionable. Imagine what …

Geometric Aspects Of Quantization And Relationship To Integrability, Paul Bracken

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

It is the case that quantum mechanics has a deep geometric structure and can be presented accordingly. Quantum mechanics is to a certain degree foreshadowed by the geometry inherent in the geometric structure of classical mechanics. The purpose here is to present some new results and proofs which impact the mathematical structure of quantum mechanics. The relationship between integrability and quantum physics is investigated in terms of geometric ideas and structures. Two physical examples are drawn from these mathematical ideas which directly relate to physics. An introduction as to how these ideas can be extended to infinite degrees of freedom …

Interactions Of Traveling Waves In Low Order Approximations For The Two-Dimensional Euler Equations, Julio C. Paez, Zhijun Qiao, Vesselin Vatchev

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

In this paper, we study traveling waves with elastic and inelastic interactions in a low order of approximation. The waves are derived in quadratic or linear order of approximation from the two-dimensional Euler equations. A new type of inelastic interaction that is closely related to numerical study observations of the Euler equations is obtained in a linear order.

Confirmation Of N-Hexane As An Inert Co-Solvent In The Production Of Functionalized Silicon Nanoparticles From Reactive High-Energy Ball Milling, Julie P. Vanegas, Amanda Reusch, Mark J. Fink, Brian S. Mitchell

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Alkanes such as n-hexane have been used as co-solvents in the production of functionalized semiconductor nanoparticles from alkenes and alkynes using Reactive High Energy Ball Milling (RHEBM) under the assumption that they are non-reactive under typical milling conditions. In this paper, we report on a comparative study with two hydrocarbon solvents of comparable chain length, 1-hexyne, and n-hexane, and their milling products using three different commercially available silicon precursors, namely single crystal silicon wafers and polycrystalline particles having a nominal size of 4 μm and 1 mm. We found that nanoparticle formation and surface functionalization in all the three silicon …

Spectrum-Enhanced Trca (Se-Trca): A Novel Approach For Direction Detection In Ssvep-Based Bci, Amirmohammad Mijani, Mohammad Norizadeh Cherloo, Haoteng Tang, Liang Zhan

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The Steady State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP) is a widely used component in BCIs due to its high noise resistance and low equipment requirements. Recently, a novel SSVEP-based paradigm has been introduced for direction detection, in which, unlike the common SSVEP paradigms that use several frequency stimuli, only one flickering stimulus is used and it makes direction detection very challenging. So far, only the CCA method has been used for direction detection using SSVEP component analysis. Since Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) has some limitations, a Task-Related Component Analysis (TRCA) based method has been introduced for feature extraction to improve the …

A Comprehensive Survey Of Complex Brain Network Representation, Haoteng Tang, Guixiang Ma, Yanfu Zhang, Kai Ye, Lei Guo, Guodong Liu, Qi Huang, Yalin Wang, Olusola Ajilore, Alex D. Leow

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Highlights

• Major traditional and deep learning methods on brain network representation are overviewed.

• Brain network datasets and algorithm implementation tools are summarized.

• Promising research directions in brain network analysis are discussed.

Abstract

Recent years have shown great merits in utilizing neuroimaging data to understand brain structural and functional changes, as well as its relationship to different neurodegenerative diseases and other clinical phenotypes. Brain networks, derived from different neuroimaging modalities, have attracted increasing attention due to their potential to gain system-level insights to characterize brain dynamics and abnormalities in neurological conditions. Traditional methods aim to pre-define multiple topological features of brain …

A Fast And Responsive Web-Based Framework For Visualizing Hpc Application Usage, Ved Arora, Nayeli Gurrola, Amiya K. Maji, Guangzhen Jin

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Insights about applications and user environments can help HPC center staff make data-driven decisions about cluster operations. In this paper, we present a fast and responsive web-based visualization framework for analyzing HPC application usage. By leveraging XALT, a powerful tool for tracking application and library usage, we collected tens of millions of data points on a national supercomputer. The portable visualization framework created with Plotly Dash can be easily launched as a container and accessed from a web browser. The presented visualizations take a deep dive into the XALT data, analyzing application use, compiler usage, library usage, and even user-specific …

Conceptualizing Ethics, Authenticity, And Efficacy Of Simulations In Teacher Education, Carrie Wilkerson Lee, Liza Bondurant, Bima Sapkota, Heather Howell, Yvonne Lai

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

This working group was a continuation of working groups in 2019 and 2021 that initially aimed to focus on equity in simulations of practice in mathematics teacher education. We began by discussing our conceptualizations of simulations and equity. Next, we reflected on the lack of work that currently exists at the intersection of simulations and equity as well as our limited collective expertise in this space. We proposed the following areas of potential research: Access,Design, Affective Domains, Teaching Practices, Assessment, Critical Conversations. Attendees self-selected into focus groups and met to discuss their current work and how future work could focus …

Aspects Of Non-Associative Gauge Theory, Sergey Grigorian

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

A smooth loop is the direct non-associative generalization of Lie group. In this paper, we review the theory of smooth loops and smooth loop bundles. This is then used to define a non-associative analog of the Chern-Simons functional.

Broadband Quantum Enhancement Of The Ligo Detectors With Frequency-Dependent Squeezing, D. Ganapathy, W. Jia, M. Nakano, V. Xu, N. Aritomi, T. Cullen, N. Kijbunchoo, S. E. Dwyer, Francisco Llamas, Volker Quetschke

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Quantum noise imposes a fundamental limitation on the sensitivity of interferometric gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO, manifesting as shot noise and quantum radiation pressure noise. Here, we present the first realization of frequency-dependent squeezing in full-scale gravitational-wave detectors, resulting in the reduction of both shot noise and quantum radiation pressure noise, with broadband detector enhancement from tens of hertz to several kilohertz. In the LIGO Hanford detector, squeezing reduced the detector noise amplitude by a factor of 1.6 (4.0 dB) near 1 kHz; in the Livingston detector, the noise reduction was a factor of 1.9 (5.8 dB). These improvements directly impact …

A Framework To Validate Fluorescently Labeled Dna-Binding Proteins For Single-Molecule Experiments, Miranda L. Molina, Lindsey E. Way, Zhongqing Ren, Qin Liao, Bianca Guerra, Brandon Shields, Xindan Wang, Hyeongjun Kim

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Due to the enhanced labeling capability of maleimide-based fluorescent probes, lysine-cysteine-lysine (KCK) tags are frequently added to proteins for visualization. In this study, we employed an in vitro single-molecule DNA flow-stretching assay as a sensitive way to assess the impact of the KCK tag on the property of DNA-binding proteins. Using Bacillus subtilis ParB as an example, we show that, although no noticeable changes were detected by in vivo fluorescence imaging and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, the KCK tag substantially altered ParB's DNA compaction rates and its response to nucleotide binding and to the presence of the specific sequence (parS) …

A Framework To Validate Fluorescently Labeled Dna-Binding Proteins For Single-Molecule Experiments, Miranda Molina, Lindsey E. Way, Zhongqing Ren, Qin Liao, Bianca Guerra, Brandon Shields, Xindan Wang, Hyeongjun Kim

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Highlights

• KCK tag can alter protein properties both quantitatively and qualitatively

• Electrostatic interactions between the KCK tag and DNA contribute to the artifacts

• Adding a short peptide tag to ParB protein does not lead to its in vivo changes

• Single-molecule DNA flow-stretching assay can detect protein property changes

Motivation

Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy has been extensively used in modern biology to define the molecular action of proteins. Appending short peptide tags is a common strategy to enhance fluorescence labeling. Here, we evaluate the impact of a commonly used tag, the lysine-cysteine-lysine (KCK) tag, on protein behavior in single-molecule DNA flow-stretching assay, …

Nutritional Challenges Of Substituting Farmed Animals For Wild Fish In Human Diets, Sebastian A. Heilpern, Rafael M. Almeida, Kathryn J. Fiorella, Alexander S. Flecker, Demetra Williams, Peter B. Mcintyre

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Wild fisheries provide billions of people with a key source of multiple essential nutrients. As fisheries plateau or decline, nourishing more people will partially rely on shifting consumption to farmed animals. The environmental implications of transitions among animal-sourced foods have been scrutinized, but their nutritional substitutability remains unclear. We compared concentrations of six essential dietary nutrients across >5000 species of wild fishes, aquaculture, poultry and livestock species, representing >65% of animals consumed globally. Wild fishes are both more nutrient-dense and variable than farmed animals; achieving recommended intake of all nutrients with farmed species could require consuming almost four times more …

Fast-Askap Synergy: Quantifying Coexistent Tidal And Ram Pressure Strippings In The Ngc 4636 Group, Xuchen Lin, Jing Wang, Virginia Kilborn, Eric W. Peng, Luca Cortese, Alessandro Boselli, Ze-Zhong Liang, Bumhyun Lee, Dong Yang, Juan P. Madrid

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Combining new H I data from a synergetic survey of Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind surveY and Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope with the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA data, we study the effect of ram pressure and tidal interactions in the NGC 4636 group. We develop two parameters to quantify and disentangle these two effects on gas stripping in H I-bearing galaxies: the strength of external forces at the optical-disk edge, and the outside-in extents of H I-disk stripping. We find that gas stripping is widespread in this group, affecting 80% of H …

On The Vanishing Of The Coefficients Of Cm Eta Quotients, Timothy Huber, Chang Liu, James Mclaughlin, Dongxi Ye, Miaodan Yuan, Sumeng Zhang

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

This work characterizes the vanishing of the Fourier coefficients of all CM (Complex Multiplication) eta quotients. As consequences, we recover Serre’s characterization about that of η(12z)2 and recent results of Chang on the pth coefficients of η(4z)6 and η(6z)4 . Moreover, we generalize the results on the cases of weight 1 to the setting of binary quadratic forms.

Poster: No Fly-Zone: Drone Policies For Ensuring Safe Operations In Restricted Areas, Arturo Gonzalez, Amani Davidson, Carlos Rubio-Medrano

Computer Science Faculty Publications

As the use of drones continues to proliferate across various industries, ensuring their safe and secure operation becomes increasingly important. This abstract explores the techniques and strategies employed for drone identification and communication, aiming to enhance safety, security, and compliance. The paper highlights the significance of reliable drone recognition methods and effective communication protocols between drones and relevant parties. Specifically, it emphasizes the need for drones to adapt to restrictions, follow protocols, and communicate information in designated zones. Furthermore, the abstract emphasizes the importance of strict adherence to no-fly rules, precise identification of restricted airspace, and the establishment of robust …

Sublinear Time Motif Discovery From Multiple Sequences, Bin Fu, Yunhui Fu, Yuan Xue

Computer Science Faculty Publications

In this paper, a natural probabilistic model for motif discovery has been used to experimentally test the quality of motif discovery programs. In this model, there are k background sequences, and each character in a background sequence is a random character from an alphabet, Σ. A motif G = g1g2 . . . gm is a string of m characters. In each background sequence is implanted a probabilistically-generated approximate copy of G. For a probabilistically-generated approximate copy b1b2 . . . bm of G, every character, bi , is probabilistically generated, such that the probability for bi 6= gi is …

Use And Effectiveness Of Wildlife Exits Designed For Ocelots And Other Mesocarnivores On A South Texas Highway, Zarina N. Sheikh, Jamie E. Langbein, Kevin W. Ryer, Md Saydur Rahman, Christopher A. Gabler, John H. Young Jr., Richard Kline

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Movement is a key component of survival and reproduction, often causing wildlife to cross heavily trafficked highways, resulting in road mortalities by oncoming vehicles. Fencing and crossing structures are commonly regarded as effective mitigation structures to reduce these mortalities. In south Texas, ten wildlife exits (WE) were installed along State Highway 100 in conjunction with existing mitigation structures to provide the US endangered ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), a medium-sized spotted wild cat, a safe option to escape the right of way (ROW). The objectives of this study were to determine the effectiveness and species usage and to estimate the …

Widespread Dominance Of Methane Ebullition Over Diffusion In Freshwater Aquaculture Ponds, Renske J. E. Vroom, Sarian Kosten, Rafael M. Almeida, Raquel Mendonça, Ive S. Muzitano, Icaro Barbosa, Jonas Nasário, Ernandes S. Oliveira Junior, Alexander S. Flecker, Nathan Barros

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

An ever-increasing demand for protein-rich food sources combined with dwindling wild fish stocks has caused the aquaculture sector to boom in the last two decades. Although fishponds are potentially strong emitters of the greenhouse gas methane (CH₄), little is known about the magnitude, pathways, and drivers of these emissions. We measured diffusive CH₄ emissions at the margin and in the center of 52 freshwater fishponds in Brazil. In a subset of ponds (n = 31) we additionally quantified ebullitive CH₄ fluxes and sampled water and sediment for biogeochemical analyses. Sediments (n = 20) were …

Explainable Machine Learning Reveals The Relationship Between Hearing Thresholds And Speech-In-Noise Recognition In Listeners With Normal Audiograms, Jithin Raj Balan, Hansapani Rodrigo, Udit Saxena, Srikanta K. Mishra

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Some individuals complain of listening-in-noise difficulty despite having a normal audiogram. In this study, machine learning is applied to examine the extent to which hearing thresholds can predict speech-in-noise recognition among normal-hearing individuals. The specific goals were to (1) compare the performance of one standard (GAM, generalized additive model) and four machine learning models (ANN, artificial neural network; DNN, deep neural network; RF, random forest; XGBoost; eXtreme gradient boosting), and (2) examine the relative contribution of individual audiometric frequencies and demographic variables in predicting speech-in-noise recognition. Archival data included thresholds (0.25–16 kHz) and speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) from listeners with …

Adjusting For Berkson Error In Exposure In Ordinary And Conditional Logistic Regression And In Poisson Regression, Tamer Oraby, Santanu Chakraborty, Siva Sivaganesan, Laurel Kincl, Lesley Richardson, Mary Mcbride, Jack Siemiatycki, Elisabeth Cardis, Daniel Krewski

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

INTEROCC is a seven-country cohort study of occupational exposures and brain cancer risk, including occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). In the absence of data on individual exposures, a Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) may be used to construct likely exposure scenarios in occupational settings. This tool was constructed using statistical summaries of exposure to EMF for various occupational categories for a comparable group of workers.

Methods

In this study, we use the Canadian data from INTEROCC to determine the best EMF exposure surrogate/estimate from three appropriately chosen surrogates from the JEM, along with a fourth surrogate based on Berkson …

The Accumulation And Growth Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa On Surfaces Is Modulated By Surface Mechanics Via Cyclic-Di-Gmp Signaling, Liyun Wang, Yu-Chern Wong, Joshua M. Correira, Megan Wancura, Chris J. Geiger, Shanice S. Webster, Ahmed Touhami, Benjamin J. Butler, George A. O’Toole, Richard M. Langford

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Attachment of bacteria onto a surface, consequent signaling, and accumulation and growth of the surface-bound bacterial population are key initial steps in the formation of pathogenic biofilms. While recent reports have hinted that surface mechanics may affect the accumulation of bacteria on that surface, the processes that underlie bacterial perception of surface mechanics and modulation of accumulation in response to surface mechanics remain largely unknown. We use thin and thick hydrogels coated on glass to create composite materials with different mechanics (higher elasticity for thin composites; lower elasticity for thick composites) but with the same surface adhesivity and chemistry. The …

Exploring High School Students’ Careless Or Insufficient Effort Survey Responses When Investigating Attitudes Toward Mathematics, Xiaohui Wang, Mayra Ortiz Galarza, Sergey Grigorian, Aaron T. Wilson, John Knight

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

A modified, bilingual Attitudes Toward Mathematics Inventory (ATMI) instrument was administered to 1,258 high school students in South Texas in an NSF-funded project on informal learning of mathematics and near peer mentoring. We explore students’ survey response behaviors and examine the existence of careless and insufficient effort (CIE) responses. This is empirical research for handling the challenge of CIE responses that leads to improved survey data quality, thus eventually validating the intervention effect of the mathematical informal learning project.

Rogue Waves And Their Patterns In The Vector Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation, Guangxiong Zhang, Peng Huang, Bao-Feng Feng, Chengfa Wu

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

In this paper, we study the general rogue wave solutions and their patterns in the vector (or M-component) nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. By applying the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili reduction method, we derive an explicit solution for the rogue wave expressed by τ functions that are determinants of K × K block matrices ( 1 ≤ K ≤ M ) with an index jump of M + 1 . Patterns of the rogue waves for M = 3 , 4 and K = 1 are thoroughly investigated. It is found that when one of the internal parameters is large enough, the wave pattern …

Conformational Landscapes Of Symmetrically Fluorine-Substituted Benzoic Acids Ii: Calculations And Measurements For The Rotational Spectrum And Structure Of 3,4,5-Trifluorobenzoic Acid, Jingling Hong, Alitza Gracia, Savannah Romero, Mingfei Zhou, Wei Lin, Weixing Li

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Calculations on the structure of 3,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid were made using the Gaussian 16 program. The potential energy surfaces were scanned along CCCO and OCOH dihedral angles at the B3LYP/6-311G level to analyze its conformational landscape. Two conformations were identified and reoptimized at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The result indicates that 3,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid prefers a planar structure in its global minimum conformation. The pure rotational spectra of 3,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid were measured in the frequency range of 6 – 12.5 GHz using a chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectrometer. The spectra of the parent, seven 13C, and one deuterium singly substituted isotopologues …

Convergence Of The Two-Point Modulus-Based Matrix Splitting Iteration Method, Ximing Fang, Ze Gu, Zhijun Qiao

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

In this paper, we discuss the convergence of the two-point modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method for solving the linear complementarity problem. Some convergence conditions are presented from the spectral radius and the matrix norm when the system matrix is a -matrix. Besides, the quasi-optimal cases of the method are studied. Numerical experiments are provided to show the presented results.

Figured Worlds Of Women Mathematics Education Scholars, Lili Zhou, Ricki L. Geller-Mckee, Brooke Max, Hyunyi Jung, Bima Sapkota, Jill Newton, Lindsay M. Keazer

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Drawing on the concept of figured worlds (Holland et al., 1998), this project focuses on addressing, responding to, and understanding the self within the figured world of the mathematics education community. Specifically, we examine a group of women with diverse backgrounds in terms of race, class, and cultural contexts, who are engaged in various roles as mathematics education scholars, including teachers, teacher educators, and researchers. Using a dialogical self approach, we facilitate both internal and external discourses, exploring personal histories, narratives, and the development of evolving identities. Our findings reveal that culture and social positions, such as gender, class, and …