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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A Computational Study On Substituted Diazabenzenes, Selçuk Gümüş Jan 2011

A Computational Study On Substituted Diazabenzenes, Selçuk Gümüş

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The results of computational calculations on the aromaticity of the monosubstituted diazabenzenes (pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine) are reported herein. The aromaticity of the parent heterocycle was enhanced by substitution of strong electron-withdrawing groups. The effects of the position of the substituent on the aromaticity and the stability of the system were also investigated by studying all possible derivatives of the systems.


Polyphenolic Compounds From Geranium Purpureum Vill. Growing In Turkey, Di̇dem Şöhretoğlu, Mahmut Koray Sakar, Olov Sterner Jan 2011

Polyphenolic Compounds From Geranium Purpureum Vill. Growing In Turkey, Di̇dem Şöhretoğlu, Mahmut Koray Sakar, Olov Sterner

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Two new flavonol derivatives, Geranioside A (kaempferol 3-[3-(\alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)-4-oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-dihyropyran-2H- 2-pyranoside]) (1) and Geranioside B (quercetin 3-[3-(\alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)- 4-oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-dihyropyran-2H-2-pyranoside]) (2), along with 5 known flavonols (quercetin (3), kaempferol (4), quercetin 4'-O-\beta -glucopyranoside (5), quercetin 3-O-\beta -glucopyranoside (6), and kaemferol-3-O-\beta -glucopyranoside (7)), a gallic acid derivative (methyl gallate (8)), and a hydrolysable tannin (pusilagin (9)), were isolated from the aerial parts of Geranium purpureum. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of UV, IR, and 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments as well as TOF-MS.


Palaeoearthquakes On The Kelkit Valley Segment Of The North Anatolian Fault, Turkey: Implications For The Surface Rupture Of The Historical 17 August 1668 Anatolian Earthquake, Cengi̇z Zabci, Hüsnü Serdar Akyüz, Volkan Karabacak, Taylan Sançar, Erhan Altunel, Hali̇l Gürsoy, Orhan Tatar Jan 2011

Palaeoearthquakes On The Kelkit Valley Segment Of The North Anatolian Fault, Turkey: Implications For The Surface Rupture Of The Historical 17 August 1668 Anatolian Earthquake, Cengi̇z Zabci, Hüsnü Serdar Akyüz, Volkan Karabacak, Taylan Sançar, Erhan Altunel, Hali̇l Gürsoy, Orhan Tatar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The 26 December 1939 Erzincan (Ms= 7.8) and 20 December 1942 Erbaa-Niksar (Ms= 7.1) earthquakes created a total surface rupture more than 400 km between Erzincan and Erbaa on the middle to eastern sections of the North Anatolian Fault. These two faulting events are separated by a 10-km-wide releasing stepover, which acted like a seismic barrier in the 20th century. To understand the rupture behaviour in this structurally complex section of the North Anatolian Fault, we undertook palaeoseismological trench investigations on the Kelkit Valley segment where there is little or no palaeoseismic information. We found evidence for three surface faulting …


The 6 September 2009 Mw5.4 Earthquake In Eastern Albania – Fyrom Border: Focal Mechanisms, Slip Model, Shakemap, Anastasia Kiratzi Jan 2011

The 6 September 2009 Mw5.4 Earthquake In Eastern Albania – Fyrom Border: Focal Mechanisms, Slip Model, Shakemap, Anastasia Kiratzi

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

On 6 September 2009 (GMT 21:49) a moderate Mw5.4 earthquake sequence burst at the eastern border of Albania with the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). The main shock was located ~6 km north of the epicentre of the 30 November 1967 Mw6.2 Dibra (or Debar) earthquake, which caused loss of life and considerable damage to buildings. We use broad band waveforms recorded by the Hellenic Unified Seismic Network (HUSN), which receives real-time waveforms from the neighbouring networks, to compute focal mechanisms, obtain the slip model and derive the Shake Map of the mainshock. The focal mechanisms of 18 of …


Geology Of The Caucasus: A Review, Shota Adamia, Guram Zakariadze, Tamar Chkhotua, Nino Sadradze, Nino Tsereteli, Aleksandre Chabukiani, Aleksandre Gventsadze Jan 2011

Geology Of The Caucasus: A Review, Shota Adamia, Guram Zakariadze, Tamar Chkhotua, Nino Sadradze, Nino Tsereteli, Aleksandre Chabukiani, Aleksandre Gventsadze

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The structure and geological history of the Caucasus are largely determined by its position between the still-converging Eurasian and Africa-Arabian lithospheric plates, within a wide zone of continental collision. During the Late Proterozoic-Early Cenozoic, the region belonged to the Tethys Ocean and its Eurasian and Africa-Arabian margins where there existed a system of island arcs, intra-arc rifts, back-arc basins characteristic of the pre-collisional stage of its evolution of the region. The region, along with other fragments that are now exposed in the Upper Precambrian-Cambrian crystalline basement of the Alpine orogenic belt, was separated from western Gondwana during the Early Palaeozoic …


Upper Jurassic Reefs From The Russian Western Caucasus: Implications For The Eastern Black Sea, Li Guo, Stephen J. Vincent, Vladimir Lavrishchev Jan 2011

Upper Jurassic Reefs From The Russian Western Caucasus: Implications For The Eastern Black Sea, Li Guo, Stephen J. Vincent, Vladimir Lavrishchev

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Exposures of Upper Jurassic reef outcrops in the Russian western Caucasus provide excellent field analogues for possible reef-complex reservoir targets imaged on seismic reflection data from the northern Shatskiy Ridge, eastern Black Sea. The reefs at outcrop can be generally grouped into coral-dominated, siliceous sponge-microbialite and microbialite types. Coral-dominated reefs occur as isolated patchy and massive forms, and can be subdivided into higher-diversity and low-diversity types. The former developed at shallow-water platform margins and in platform interiors, whilst the latter occurred in deeper-water mid-shelf settings. Siliceous sponge-microbialite and microbialite reefs occur as lenses and mounds that were restricted to deeper-water …


Growth-Invariant Meristic Characters Tools To Reveal Phylogenetic Relationships In Nummulitidae (Foraminifera), Johann Hohenegger Jan 2011

Growth-Invariant Meristic Characters Tools To Reveal Phylogenetic Relationships In Nummulitidae (Foraminifera), Johann Hohenegger

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Morphological characters that are restricted to a few growth-independent characters (such as the embryonic apparatus of nummulitids) or measurements at arbitrarily chosen growth stages (such as the second whorl in planispiral tests) do not adequately explain the phylogenetic relationships of fossil forms. Molecular-genetic investigations enlighten phylogenetic relations, but have two main disadvantages. First, they are restricted to living forms, and second, these relations are based on an extremely small part of the DNA and never on developmental and structural genes that regulate morphology. Morphometric methods based on growth-invariant characters allow modelling the test shape for each growth stage and thus …


Growth Rate Biometric Quantification By X-Ray Microtomography On Larger Benthic Foraminifera: Three-Dimensional Measurements Push Nummulitids Into The Fourth Dimension, Antonino Briguglio, Brian Metscher, Johann Hohenegger Jan 2011

Growth Rate Biometric Quantification By X-Ray Microtomography On Larger Benthic Foraminifera: Three-Dimensional Measurements Push Nummulitids Into The Fourth Dimension, Antonino Briguglio, Brian Metscher, Johann Hohenegger

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

This work demonstrates the potential of three-dimensional biometric quantification using microtomography on larger benthic foraminifera. We compare traditional linear and area measures used for calculating three-dimensional characters with actual 3D measurements made from volume images obtained using X-ray microtomography (microCT). Two specimens of recent larger benthic foraminifera, i.e., Palaeonummulites venosus and Operculina ammonoides, were imaged with a high-resolution microCT scanner. This method enables three-dimensional imaging and calculation of measurements like 3D distances, surfaces and volumes. The quantitative high-resolution images enabled the extraction of the lumina from the proloculus to the last complete scanned chamber and of the canal system spreading …


Stratigraphy And Larger Foraminifera Of The Middle Eocene To Lower Oligocene Shallow-Marine Units In The Northern And Eastern Parts Of The Thrace Basin, Nw Turkey, György Less, Ercan Özcan, Aral Okay Jan 2011

Stratigraphy And Larger Foraminifera Of The Middle Eocene To Lower Oligocene Shallow-Marine Units In The Northern And Eastern Parts Of The Thrace Basin, Nw Turkey, György Less, Ercan Özcan, Aral Okay

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The shallow-marine Eocene Soğucak Limestone and Oligocene Ceylan Formation were studied in the northern and eastern parts of the Thrace Basin with detailed biometric analysis of the full spectrum of larger benthic foraminifera (mainly nummulitids and orthophragmines). This allows us to establish a high-resolution biostratigraphy in the context of the shallow benthic zonation (with SBZ zones) of the Tethyan Palaeogene since larger foraminiferal assemblages show a very strong Western Tethyan affinity. Only two species (Heterostegina armenica and Orbitoclypeus haynesi) are unknown so far to the west of the Thrace Basin. The age of particular larger foraminiferal sites is determined based …