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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Simpson's Paradox Can Emerge From The N-Player Prisoner's Dilemma: Implications For The Evolution Of Altruistic Behavior, Jeffrey Alan Fletcher, Martin Zwick
Simpson's Paradox Can Emerge From The N-Player Prisoner's Dilemma: Implications For The Evolution Of Altruistic Behavior, Jeffrey Alan Fletcher, Martin Zwick
Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
Simulations of the n-player Prisoner’s Dilemma in multiple populations reveal that Simpson’s paradox can emerge in such game-theoretic situations. The relative proportion of cooperators can decrease in each separate sub-population, while the proportion of cooperators in the total population can nonetheless increase, at least transiently. Factors that determine the longevity of this effect are under investigation. The increase of altruistic behavior exhibited in these simulations is not based on reciprocal altruism, as there are no strategies conditional on other players’ past actions, nor does it depend on kin selection via inclusive fitness, as there are no genes. This model is …
State-Based Reconstructability Modeling For Decision Analysis, Michael S. Johnson, Martin Zwick
State-Based Reconstructability Modeling For Decision Analysis, Michael S. Johnson, Martin Zwick
Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
Reconstructability analysis (RA) is a method for detecting and analyzing the structure of multivariate categorical data. Jones and his colleagues extended the original variable-based formulation of RA to encompass models defined in terms of system states (Jones 1982; Jones 1985; Jones 1985; Jones 1986; Jones 1989). In this paper, we demonstrate that Jones’ previous work comprises two separable ideas: the “g to k” transformation and state-based modeling. We relate the concept of state-based modeling to established variable-based RA methods (Klir 1985; Krippendorff 1986), and demonstrate that statebased modeling, when applied to event and decision tree models, is a valuable adjunct …