Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Maxwell's Equations, Part Iv, David W. Ball

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In this column, we continue our explanation of Maxwell’s equations, the seminal classical explanation of electricity and magnetism (and, ultimately, light). For those of you new to the series, consider finding the last few appearances of this column to get caught up. Alternately, you should be able to find past columns on our website, www.spectroscopymag.com and look for “The Baseline” link. Words of warning: for my own reasons, the figures are being numbered sequentially through this series of columns, which is why the first figure in this column is numbered 26. Also, we’re going to get a bit mathematical. Unfortunately …

Overlap Statistics Of Cumuliform Boundary-Layer Cloud Fields In Large-Eddy Simulations, Roel A.J. Neggers, Thijs Heus, A. Pier Siebesma

Physics Faculty Publications

Overlap statistics of cumuliform boundary-layer clouds are studied using large-eddy simulations at high resolutions. The cloud overlap is found to be highly inefficient, due to the typical irregularity of cumuliform clouds over a wide range of scales. The detection of such inefficient overlap is enabled in this study by i) applying fine enough discretizations and ii) by limiting the analysis to exclusively cumuliform boundary-layer cloud fields. It is argued that these two factors explain the differences with some previous studies on cloud overlap. In contrast, good agreement exists with previously reported observations of cloud overlap as derived from lidar measurements …

Equation Of State From The Potts-Percolation Model Of A Solid, Miron Kaufman

Physics Faculty Publications

We expand the Potts-percolation model of a solid to include stress and strain. Neighboring atoms are connected by bonds. We set the energy of a bond to be given by the Lennard-Jones potential. If the energy is larger than a threshold the bond is more likely to fail, whereas if the energy is lower than the threshold, the bond is more likely to be alive. In two dimensions we compute the equation of state: stress as a function of interatomic distance and temperature by using renormalization-group and Monte Carlo simulations. The phase diagram, the equation of state, and the isothermal …

Synthesis And Antiproliferative Activity Of Some Steroidal Lactams, Yanmin Huang, Jianguo Cui, Sijing Chen, Chunfang Gan, Aimin Zhou

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Using cholesterol as starting material, a series of 6-substituted-3-aza-A-homo-3-oxycholestanes and 6-substituted-4-aza-A-homo-3-oxycholestanes were synthesized by the oxidation, reduction, oximation, Beckman rearrangement and condensation reaction. These synthesized compounds displayed a distinct cytotoxicity against MGC 7901, HeLa and SMMC 7404 cancer cells. Our results revealed that the structures of functional groups at position-6 on the steroidal ring are crucial for the IC50 value of antiproliferative activities of these compounds and the cytotoxic activity against MGC 7901 and SMMC 7404 cells was not significantly different between 4-N-lactams and 3-N-lactams when its 6-substituted group was a carbonyl or a hydroximino, but all 3-N-lactams showed a …

Chronic Fluid Flow Is An Environmental Modifier Of Renal Epithelial Function, Andrew Resnick

Physics Faculty Publications

Although solitary or sensory cilia are present in most cells of the body and their existence has been known since the sixties, very little is been known about their functions. One suspected function is fluid flow sensing- physical bending of cilia produces an influx of Ca++, which can then result in a variety of activated signaling pathways. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a progressive disease, typically appearing in the 5th decade of life and is one of the most common monogenetic inherited human diseases, affecting approximately 600,000 people in the United States. Because ADPKD is a slowly progressing …

2011 Scholars And Artists Bibliography, Michael Schwartz Library, Cleveland State University, Friends Of The Michael Schwartz Library, Mark Tebeau

Scholars and Artists Bibliographies

This bibliography was created for the annual Friends of the Michael Schwartz Library Scholars and Artists Reception, recognizing scholarly and creative achievements of Cleveland State University faculty, staff and emeriti. Mark Tebeau was the guest speaker

Glitter And Glints On Water, David K. Lynch, David S. P. Dearborn, James A. Lock

Physics Faculty Publications

We present new observations of glitter and glints using short and long time exposure photographs and high frame rate videos. Using the sun and moon as light sources to illuminate the ocean and laboratory water basins, we found that (1) most glitter takes place on capillary waves rather than on gravity waves, (2) certain aspects of glitter morphology depend on the presence or absence of thin clouds between the light source and the water, and (3) bent glitter paths are caused by asymmetric wave slope distributions We present computer simulations that are able to reproduce the observations and make predictions …

Exploring The Roles Of Nucleobase Desolvation And Shape Complementarity During The Misreplication Of O6-Methylguanine, Delia Chavarria, Andrea Ramos Serrano, Ichiro Hirao, Anthony J. Berdis

Chemistry Faculty Publications

O6-methylguanine is a miscoding DNA lesion arising from the alkylation of guanine. This report uses the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase as a model to probe the roles hydrogen-bonding interactions, shape/size, and nucleobase desolvation during the replication of this miscoding lesion. This was accomplished by using transient kinetic techniques to monitor the kinetic parameters for incorporating and extending natural and non-natural nucleotides. In general, the efficiency of nucleotide incorporation does not depend on the hydrogen-bonding potential of the incoming nucleotide. Instead, nucleobase hydrophobicity and shape complementarity appear to be the preeminent factors controlling nucleotide incorporation. In addition, shape complementarity plays a …

Design And Synthesis Of A Biotinylated Probe Of Cox-2 Inhibitor Nimesulide Analog Jcc76, Bo Zhong, Rati Lama, Kerri M. Smith, Yan Xu, Bin Su

Chemistry Faculty Publications

JCC76 is a derivative of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) selective inhibitor nimesulide and exhibits potent anti-breast cancer activity. It selectively induces apoptosis of Her2 positive breast cancer cells. However, the specific molecular targets of JCC76 still remain unclear, which significantly withdraw the further drug development of JCC76. To identify the molecular targets of JCC76, a six carbon linker and biotin conjugated JCC76 probe was designed and synthesized. The anti-proliferation activity of the probe and its analogs was evaluated.

The Eigenvalues Of A Tridiagonal Matrix In Biogeography, Boris Igelnik, Daniel J. Simon

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We derive the eigenvalues of a tridiagonal matrix with a special structure. A conjecture about the eigenvalues was presented in a previous paper, and here we prove the conjecture. The matrix structure that we consider has applications in biogeography theory.

Determination Of Hexamethylene Bisacetamide, An Antineoplastic Compound, In Mouse And Human Plasma By Lc–Ms/Ms, Kerri M. Smith, Wannarasmi Ketchart, Xiang Zhou, Monica M. Montano, Yan Xu

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) is a polar compound which has recently been discovered to have antineoplastic activity by up-regulating the expression of an endogenous antiproliferative breast cancer protein, HEXIM1 (hexamethylene bisacetamide inducible protein 1) in vivo. HMBA has been shown in the past to induce terminal differentiation in multiple leukemia types at a concentration of 2–5 mM, but its phase I and II clinical trials were largely unsuccessful due to serious side effects (notably, thrombocytopenia) with dose escalation. In this work, a sensitive and simple LC–MS/MS method for direct determination of HMBA in mouse and human plasma is described. Plasma samples …

In Vitro And In Vivo Effects Of A Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Nimesulide Analog Jcc76 In Aromatase Inhibitors-Insensitive Breast Cancer Cells, Bo Zhong, Xiaohan Cai, Xing Yi, Aimin Zhou, Shiuan Chen, Bin Su

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Third generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are more effective than tamoxifen in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. However, long-term use of AIs commonly results in resistance. We examined whether compound JCC76{Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [3-(2,5-dimethyl-benzyloxy)-4-(methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-phenyl]-amide}, an analog of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor nimesulide, can inhibit the growth of AI-insensitive breast cancer cells and the mechanisms by which the compound affects cell proliferation. LTEDaro (long term estrogen deprived MCF-7aro cell) cells, which are a model for AI resistance, were used in this study. JCC76 effectively inhibited LTEDaro cell proliferation with an IC50 of 2.75 ± 0.31 μM. Further investigations reveal that …

Magnetic Properties Of Monolayer Co Islands On Ir(111) Probed By Spin-Resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Jessica E. Bickel, Focko Meier, Jens Brede, André Kubetzka, Kirsten Von Bergmann, Roland Wiesendanger

Physics Faculty Publications

As the characteristic length scale of devices continues to decrease, it is essential to understand the fundamental magnetic properties of reduced dimension structures. This paper examines the electronic and magnetic properties of two-dimensional nanoscale Co islands on an Ir(111) surface using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. The pseudomorphic Co islands investigated are ferromagnetic and single domain, with the magnetic easy axis normal to the sample surface. Remarkably, the coercivity of these islands is greater than 4 T and magnetic saturation of the islands requires an applied field of at least 5 T.

Traffic Analysis Attacks On Skype Voip Calls, Ye Zhu, Huirong Fu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Skype is one of the most popular voice-over-IP (VoIP) service providers. One of the main reasons for the popularity of Skype VoIP services is its unique set of features to protect privacy of VoIP calls such as strong encryption, proprietary protocols, unknown codecs, dynamic path selection, and the constant packet rate. In this paper, we propose a class of passive traffic analysis attacks to compromise privacy of Skype VoIP calls. The proposed attacks are based on application-level features extracted from VoIP call traces. The proposed attacks are evaluated by extensive experiments over different types of networks including …

Maxwell's Equations, Part Ii, David W. Ball

Chemistry Faculty Publications

This is the second part of a multi-part production on Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism. The ultimate goal is a definitive explanation of these four equations; readers will be left to judge how definitive it is. A note: for certain reasons, figures are being numbered sequentially throughout this series, which is why the first figure in this column is numbered 8. I hope this does not cause confusion. Another note: this is going to get a bit mathematical. It can’t be helped: models of the physical universe, like Newton’s second law F = ma, are based in math. So are Maxwell’s …

Mie Scattering In The Time Domain. Part I. The Role Of Surface Waves, James A. Lock, Philip Laven

Physics Faculty Publications

We computed the Debye series p = 1 and p = 2 terms of the Mie scattered intensity as a function of scattering angle and delay time for a linearly polarized plane wave pulse incident on a spherical dielectric particle and physically interpreted the resulting numerical data. Radiation shed by electromagnetic surface waves plays a prominent role in the scattered intensity. We determined the surface wave phase and damping rate and studied the structure of the p = 1, 2 surface wave glory in the time domain. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America

Mie Scattering In The Time Domain. Part Ii. The Role Of Diffraction, James A. Lock, Philip Laven

Physics Faculty Publications

The p = 0 term of the Mie-Debye scattering amplitude contains the effects of external reflection and diffraction. We computed the reflected intensity in the time domain as a function of the scattering angle and delay time for a short electromagnetic pulse incident on a spherical particle and compared it to the predicted behavior in the forward-focusing region, the specular reflection region, and the glory region. We examined the physical consequences of three different approaches to the exact diffraction amplitude, and determined the signature of diffraction in the time domain. The external reflection surface wave amplitude gradually replaces the diffraction …

The Exonuclease Activity Of Hpmc2 Is Required For Transcriptional Regulation Of The Qr Gene And Repair Of Estrogen-Induced Abasic Sites, N. Krishnamurthy, C. R. Ngam, Anthony J. Berdis, M. M. Montano

Chemistry Faculty Publications

We have previously reported that the expression of antioxidative stress enzymes is upregulated by trans-hydroxytamoxifen (TOT) in breast epithelial cell lines providing protection against estrogen-induced DNA damage. This regulation involves Estrogen Receptor β (ERβ) recruitment to the Electrophile Response Element (EpRE) and a novel protein, human homolog of Xenopus gene which Prevents Mitotic Catastrophe (hPMC2). We have also demonstrated that ERβ and hPMC2 are required for TOT-dependent recruitment of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and Topoisomerase IIβ (Topo IIβ) to the EpRE. Sequence analysis reveals that the C-terminus of hPMC2 encodes a putative exonuclease domain. Using in vitro kinetic assays, …

Viscosity Of Bacterial Suspensions: Hydrodynamic Interactions And Self-Induced Noise, Shawn D. Ryan, Brian M. Haines, Leonid Berlyand, Falko Ziebert, Igor S. Aranson

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

The viscosity of a suspension of swimming bacteria is investigated analytically and numerically. We propose a simple model that allows for efficient computation for a large number of bacteria. Our calculations show that long-range hydrodynamic interactions, intrinsic to self-locomoting objects in a viscous fluid, result in a dramatic reduction of the effective viscosity. In agreement with experiments on suspensions of Bacillus subtilis, we show that the viscosity reduction is related to the onset of large-scale collective motion due to interactions between the swimmers. The simulations reveal that the viscosity reduction occurs only for relatively low concentrations of swimmers: Further …

Profiling Sterols In Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis: Utility Of Girard Derivatization And High Resolution Exact Mass Lc-Esi-Msn Analysis, Andrea E. Debarber, Yana Sandlers, Anuradha S. Pappu, Louise S. Merkens, P. Barton Duell, Steven R. Lear, Sandra K. Erickson, Robert D. Steiner

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In this study we profile free 3-oxo sterols present in plasma from patients affected with the neurodegenerative disorder of sterol and bile acid metabolism cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), utilizing a combination of charge-tagging and LC-ESI-MSn performed with an LTQ-Orbitrap Discovery instrument. In addition, we profile sterols in plasma from 24-month-old cyp27A1 gene knockout mice lacking the enzyme defective in CTX. Charge-tagging was accomplished by reaction with cationic Girard's P (GP) reagent 1-(carboxymethyl) pyridinium chloride hydrazide, an approach uniquely suited to studying the 3-oxo sterols that accumulate in CTX, as Girard's reagent reacts with the sterol oxo moiety to form charged hydrazone …

Putting Artists On The Map: A Five Part Study Of Greater Cleveland Artists' Location Decisions - Part 5: Properties Analysis - Artist Housing Characteristics, Mark Salling, Gregory Soltis, Charles Post, Sharon Bliss, Ellen Cyran

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

A series of reports detailing the residential and work space location preferences of Cuyahoga county's artists.

Putting Artists On The Map: A Five Part Study Of Greater Cleveland Artists' Location Decisions - Part 4: Predictive Analysis - Regression Modeling, Mark Salling, Gregory Soltis, Charles Post, Sharon Bliss, Ellen Cyran

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

A series of reports detailing the residential and work space location preferences of Cuyahoga county's artists.

Putting Artists On The Map: A Five Part Study Of Greater Cleveland Artists' Location Decisions - Part 3: Attitudinal Analysis - Artist Housing And Space Survey, Mark Salling, Gregory Soltis, Charles Post, Sharon Bliss, Ellen Cyran

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

A series of reports detailing the residential and work space location preferences of Cuyahoga county's artists.

Epistatic Roles For Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Muts And Dinb (Dna Pol Iv) In Coping With Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Dna Damage, Laurie H. Sanders, Babho Devadoss, Geraldine V. Raja, Jaime O'Connor, Shengchang Su, Daniel J. Wozniak, Daniel J. Hassett, Anthony J. Berdis, Mark D. Sutton

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is especially adept at colonizing the airways of individuals afflicted with the autosomal recessive disease cystic fibrosis (CF). CF patients suffer from chronic airway inflammation, which contributes to lung deterioration. Once established in the airways, P. aeruginosa continuously adapts to the changing environment, in part through acquisition of beneficial mutations via a process termed pathoadaptation. MutS and DinB are proposed to play opposing roles in P. aeruginosa pathoadaptation: MutS acts in replication-coupled mismatch repair, which acts to limit spontaneous mutations; in contrast, DinB (DNA polymerase IV) catalyzes error-prone bypass of DNA lesions, contributing to mutations. As part of …

The Low Resolution Structure Of Apoa1 In Spherical High Density Lipoprotein Revealed By Small Angle Neutron Scattering, Zhiping Wu, Valentin Gogonea, Xavier Lee, Roland P. May, Vitaliy Pipich, Matthew A. Wagner, Arundhati Undurti, Thomas C. Tallant, Camelia Baleanu Gogonea, Francesca Charlton, Alexander I. Ioffe, Joseph A. Didonato, Kerry Anne Rye, Stanley L. Hazen

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Spherical high density lipoprotein (sHDL), a key player in reverse cholesterol transport and the most abundant form of HDL, is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Small angle neutron scattering with contrast variation was used to determine the solution structure of protein and lipid components of reconstituted sHDL. Apolipoprotein A1, the major protein of sHDL, forms a hollow structure that cradles a central compact lipid core. Three apoA1 chains are arranged within the low resolution structure of the protein component as one of three possible global architectures: (i) a helical dimer with a hairpin (HdHp), (ii) three hairpins (3Hp), or (iii) an …

Gut Flora Metabolism Of Phosphatidylcholine Promotes Cardiovascular Disease, Zeneng Wang, Elizabeth Klipfell, Brian J. Bennett, Robert Koeth, Bruce S. Levison, Brandon Dugar, Ariel E. Feldstein, Earl B. Britt, Xiaoming Fu, Yoo Mi Chung, Yuping Wu, Phil Schauer, Jonathan D. Smith, Hooman Allayee, W.H. Wilson Tang, Joseph A. Didonato, Aldons J. Lusis, Stanley L. Hazen

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Metabolomics studies hold promise for the discovery of pathways linked to disease processes. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Here we used a metabolomics approach to generate unbiased small-molecule metabolic profiles in plasma that predict risk for CVD. Three metabolites of the dietary lipid phosphatidylcholine—choline, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and betaine—were identified and then shown to predict risk for CVD in an independent large clinical cohort. Dietary supplementation of mice with choline, TMAO or betaine promoted upregulation of multiple macrophage scavenger receptors linked to atherosclerosis, and supplementation with choline or TMAO promoted atherosclerosis. Studies using …

Assessing Differences Between Physician's Realized And Anticipated Gains From Electronic Health Record Adoption, Lori T. Peterson, Eric W. Ford, John Eberhardt, T. R. Huerta

Business Faculty Publications

Return on investment (ROI) concerns related to Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are a major barrier to the technology’s adoption. Physicians generally rely upon early adopters to vet new technologies prior to putting them into widespread use. Therefore, early adopters’ experiences with EHRs play a major role in determining future adoption patterns. The paper’s purposes are: (1) to map the EHR value streams that define the ROI calculation; and (2) to compare Current Users’ and Intended Adopters’ perceived value streams to identify similarities, differences and governing constructs. Primary data was collected by the Texas Medical Association, which surveyed 1,772 physicians on …

Radial Motion In A Central Potential For Singular Mass Densities, Ulrich Zürcher, Miron Kaufman

Physics Faculty Publications

We study the radial motion of an object in the gravitational field produced by an isotropic mass density that is singular at the origin. This problem applies to elliptical galaxies and can be used to illustrate motion in a central field appropriate for an intermediate-level mechanics course.

Torque Around The Center Of Mass: Dynamic Stability During Quadrupedal Arboreal Locomotion In The Siberian Chipmunk (Tamias Sibiricus), Andrew R. Lammers, Ulrich Zurcher

Physics Faculty Publications

When animals travel on tree branches, avoiding falls is of paramount importance. Animals swiftly running on a narrow branch must rely on movement to create stability rather than on static methods. We examined how Siberian chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus) remain stable while running on a narrow tree branch trackway. We examined the pitch, yaw, and rolling torques around the center of mass, and hypothesized that within a stride, any angular impulse (torque during step time) acting on the center of mass would be canceled out by an equal and opposite angular impulse. Three chipmunks were videotaped while running on a 2 …

Maxwell's Equations, Part I: History, David W. Ball

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Maxwell’s equations for electromagnetism are the fundamental understanding of how light behaves. There are various versions, depending on whether there is vacuum, a charge present, matter present, the system is relativistic or quantum, or are written in terms of differential or integral calculus. Here, I inaugurate a multi-part series on a discussion of each of Maxwell’s equations. The goal is for this series to become the definitive explanation of these rules (I know, a heady goal!). I trust readers will let me know if I succeed. In this first installment, we will discuss a little bit of historical development as …