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Articles 241 - 270 of 3436

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Characterizing Quirky Signals, Joshua D. Forsyth Dec 2023

Characterizing Quirky Signals, Joshua D. Forsyth

Theses and Dissertations

Large collider facilities such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) employ a variety of search methods in hopes of finding new particles. It may be that new physics beyond the SM is waiting to be discovered at energies accessible to the LHC. Quirks are particles charged under a new confining gauge group with masses much larger than their confinement scale. This project details the dynamics of quirks, as well as the production and decay of electrically charged bound states of scalar quirks. The cross section for these states is compared to existing Wγ resonance searches at the LHC. Such a …

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In Vitro Observation Of Optical Changes In Whole Blood Due To Injection Of Glucose Solution, James Gordon Harkness Dec 2023

In Vitro Observation Of Optical Changes In Whole Blood Due To Injection Of Glucose Solution, James Gordon Harkness

Theses and Dissertations

Significance: While the optical properties of blood have been extensively studied, the influence of glucose concentration on blood optics remains unquantified. This is information which could be used to develop a noninvasive blood glucose monitor. Aim: This in vitro study investigated the optics of blood. Time-dependent effects and various methods of introducing glucose into blood samples were examined. The study aimed to quantify how alterations in glucose levels impacted blood optics across 14 distinct NIR wavelengths. Approach: Blood in a cuvette was exposed to light, and the reflected and transmitted light was captured in integrating spheres. 14 distinct wavelengths from …

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In-Depth Geochemical Analysis Of Turbidite-Associated Shales Of The Pindos Basin, Greece, Jonathon Michael Sevy Dec 2023

In-Depth Geochemical Analysis Of Turbidite-Associated Shales Of The Pindos Basin, Greece, Jonathon Michael Sevy

Theses and Dissertations

Detailed geochemical analysis of the turbidite-associated shales of the Cretaceous Katafito Formation, Greece, reveals important details regarding the paleoenvironment, paleoproductivity, and regional tectonics of the Pindos Basin. The Katafito Formation was deposited along an active margin at the early onset of closure of the Tethys Sea in the Pindos sub-basin. While careful studies of the coarse clastic component of turbidites are common, this study consisted of a detailed geochemical characterization of the fine-grained portions, which helped reveal paleoenvironmental information about the basin. This study combined organic and inorganic geochemistry utilizing elemental, mineralogical, and organic chemical signatures from fine-grained turbidite-associated sediments …

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Advanced Separations And Mass Spectrometry Data Acquisition Strategies To Improve Sensitivity And Throughput In Single-Cell Proteomics, Thy Truong Dec 2023

Advanced Separations And Mass Spectrometry Data Acquisition Strategies To Improve Sensitivity And Throughput In Single-Cell Proteomics, Thy Truong

Theses and Dissertations

Single Cell Proteomics (SCP) is an emerging discipline that contributes to a deeper understanding of individual cells' essential components. In biological systems, individual cells exhibit remarkable diversity, showcasing distinct proteomic profiles and functions. Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based techniques have become essential tools for exploring the proteomes of single cells with remarkable precision. While traditional bulk proteomics methods have been invaluable in revealing the overall protein composition of biological samples, they fall short in capturing the subtle nuances and heterogeneity among individual cells in a population. This limitation emphasizes the need for more targeted and detailed analyses to uncover the protein makeup …

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Synthesis Of Yaku'amide A Analogues And Progress Toward Synthesis Of Virosine A, Alexander S. Ramos Dec 2023

Synthesis Of Yaku'amide A Analogues And Progress Toward Synthesis Of Virosine A, Alexander S. Ramos

Theses and Dissertations

The first project in this dissertation endeavors to outline the total synthesis of yaku'amide A and its analogs. Yaku'amide A is a natural product comprised of dehydroamino acids, including E-dehydro isoleucine, and unprecedented Z-dehydro isoleucine. These amino acids present a significant challenge to their synthesis owing to their unsymmetrical nature. To simplify the synthesis process, we synthesized analogs by substituting the E and Z dehydroamino acids with symmetrical subunits. This substitution facilitated the synthesis process and enabled us to obtain a similar three-dimensional structure to that of the natural product. Furthermore, biological testing of the simplified analogs revealed potency similar …

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View Dependent Simplification And Tessellation For Real-Time High Quality Rendering Of 3d Meshes, Dallin M. Hagman Dec 2023

View Dependent Simplification And Tessellation For Real-Time High Quality Rendering Of 3d Meshes, Dallin M. Hagman

Theses and Dissertations

The increasing complexity of 3D meshes and growing disparity in performance between high and low-end hardware necessitates more efficient rendering techniques that do not sacrifice visual quality. To support as many hardware configurations as possible, producers of 3D content provide several resolutions of each mesh. Low-end hardware is typically restricted to low-resolution meshes to maintain performance similar to their high-end counterparts, sacrificing visual appeal. However, the presence of hardware tessellation in nearly all modern GPUs presents the opportunity to render high-resolution versions of simplified meshes on low-end hardware with little computational cost. Some research has been conducted into this opportunity, …

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Interfacial Properties Of Hybrid Lipid-Polymer Bilayers: Applications In Drug Delivery And Biosensors, Keith L. Willes Dec 2023

Interfacial Properties Of Hybrid Lipid-Polymer Bilayers: Applications In Drug Delivery And Biosensors, Keith L. Willes

Theses and Dissertations

Amphiphilic block copolymers are unique macro-molecules capable of self-assembling into bilayers analogous to naturally occurring lipid membranes. When combined with lipids, these copolymers form hybrid membranes with unique and sometimes unpredictable properties, including increased chemical and mechanical stability. These synthetically enhanced biological structures represent a versatile platform suitable for a wide range of applications, from advanced biosensing devices to drug delivery systems. The realization of these advancements necessitates a deep understanding of material properties, including the ability to predict and control interfacial behaviors. It has been shown that in the case of pure lipid membranes, interfacial behaviors are dominated by …

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Using Quantitative And Kinetic Proteomics To Explore Proteostasis, Nathan Raul Zuniga Pina Dec 2023

Using Quantitative And Kinetic Proteomics To Explore Proteostasis, Nathan Raul Zuniga Pina

Theses and Dissertations

Every cell consists of carefully orchestrated biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. To maintain internal stability (homeostasis), cells maintain the right amount of these molecules at the right time and at the right place. This process is especially true for proteins since they are the foundation functional units within the cell. Proteins form structures and perform chemistry that bestows cells overarching functional roles. Cells maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis) by modulating synthesis, folding, and degradation processes (turnover) to maintain the abundance levels for all proteins. This is the foundational kinetic model of proteostasis that is covered in this work, and …

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Cooperative Observing At A Modest-Sized Observatory, Michael D. Joner, Denzil E. Watts Iv, Seneca H. Bahr, Oliver Hancock, Michael W. Holland, Hafsa Jamil, Eden Saxton, Malaya Williams-Jones Dec 2023

Cooperative Observing At A Modest-Sized Observatory, Michael D. Joner, Denzil E. Watts Iv, Seneca H. Bahr, Oliver Hancock, Michael W. Holland, Hafsa Jamil, Eden Saxton, Malaya Williams-Jones

BYU West Mountain Observatory Project

The West Mountain Observatory is an astronomical research facility operated by Brigham Young University, located on an isolated mountain approximately 22 kilometers southwest of the main Provo UT campus. The observatory was upgraded 15 years ago and has since been utilized primarily as an undergraduate research facility. The observatory is well suited to do work on projects utilizing time series photometric observations and has been particularly successful at conducting multiple projects for undergraduate student researchers that require observations of different durations and cadences using various filter combinations. This requires additional planning and cooperation between the different programs that are often …

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An Analysis Of Float Serves In Women's Collegiate Volleyball, Emily Logan Nov 2023

An Analysis Of Float Serves In Women's Collegiate Volleyball, Emily Logan

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Volleyball coaches generally have the belief that getting a serve to float, i.e. hitting the ball in such a way that spin is minimized causing unpredictability in the ball’s movement in the air, is the aspect that makes the ball most difficult to pass. This analysis explores whether or not a serve floats, the serve’s direction, location, and speed to determine what creates the most effective serve in regards to pass rating. The findings show that successfully getting the ball to float on a serve is indeed important. Also, serving the person immediately across from the server, and serving to …

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Stability, Longevity, And Regulatory Bionetworks, Christian N. K. Anderson Nov 2023

Stability, Longevity, And Regulatory Bionetworks, Christian N. K. Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Genome-wide studies of diseases and chronic conditions frequently fail to uncover marked or consistent differences in RNA or protein concentrations. However, the developing field of kinetic proteomics has made promising discoveries in differences in the turnover rate of these same proteins, even when concentrations were not necessarily different. The situation can theoretically be modeled mathematically using bifurcation equations, but uncovering the proper form of these is difficult. To this end, we developed TWIG, a method for characterizing bifurcations that leverages information geometry to identify drivers of complex systems. Using this, we characterized the bifurcation and stability properties of all 132 …

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Monitoring Brain Region-Specific Control Of Protein Turnover And Concentration Using Proteomics, Rebecca Suzanne Burlett Nov 2023

Monitoring Brain Region-Specific Control Of Protein Turnover And Concentration Using Proteomics, Rebecca Suzanne Burlett

Theses and Dissertations

Regulation of metabolism is vital to health and lies at the core of many different diseases. The breakdown of metabolisms' regulation within the brain can lead to neurological disease like Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD is known to affect brain regions responsible for memory and memory processing like the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. The regulation of these regions' protein quality, synthesis, and degradation deviate from 'normal' or 'healthy' levels when AD is happening. It is known there is a breakdown of regulation in those regions; however, little is known about the specifics of regulation in healthy brains regions or how it …

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Dispensing With Humans In Human-Computer Interaction Research, Courtni L. Byun Nov 2023

Dispensing With Humans In Human-Computer Interaction Research, Courtni L. Byun

Theses and Dissertations

Machine Learning models have become more advanced than could have been supposed even a few years ago, often surpassing human performance on many tasks. Large language models (LLM) can produce text indistinguishable from human-produced text. This begs the question, how necessary are humans - even for tasks where humans appear indispensable? Qualitative Analysis (QA) is integral to human-computer interaction research, requiring both human-produced data and human analysis of that data to illuminate human opinions about and experiences with technology. We use GPT-3 and ChatGPT to replace human analysis and then to dispense with human-produced text altogether. We find GPT-3 is …

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Inconsistent Correlation And Momenta: A New Approach To Portfolio Allocation, David Kercher Nov 2023

Inconsistent Correlation And Momenta: A New Approach To Portfolio Allocation, David Kercher

Theses and Dissertations

Correlated stocks should, in equilibrium, have correlated momenta, but in practice momenta do not always correlate. We use short-term inconsistencies between correlations and momenta to predict price corrections, produce more meaningful investment indicators, and improve upon accepted investing strategies. In particular, our approaches integrate inconsistencies within an entire security class rather than relying only on individual or pairwise security data. We use this theory to improve upon not only the standard momentum portfolio but also Pair Trading and Momentum Reversion methods. This results in three strategies for portfolio allocation that outperforms overlying indices and market benchmarks by 5%-10% in annual …

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Developing 3d Printed Integrated Microfluidic Devices For Microchip Electrophoresis Separation Of Preterm Birth Biomarkers, Joule E. Esene Nov 2023

Developing 3d Printed Integrated Microfluidic Devices For Microchip Electrophoresis Separation Of Preterm Birth Biomarkers, Joule E. Esene

Theses and Dissertations

Preterm birth is a global health challenge and the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Each year, about 15 million babies are born preterm globally. Traditional tools that have been exploited for the detection of preterm birth biomarkers are expensive, time consuming, or lack multiplexing capabilities. The work described in this dissertation highlights techniques developed to detect preterm birth biomarkers rapidly and accurately in the effort to mitigate preterm birth risk. In this dissertation, I first demonstrated the use of stereolithography digital light processing-based 3D printing and microfluidics for the development of microfluidic devices that had microvalves for fluid control. I …

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Dnssec Meets The Frontend: Usability Study Of Dnssec Status Indicator In Browser, Tyler Karren Oct 2023

Dnssec Meets The Frontend: Usability Study Of Dnssec Status Indicator In Browser, Tyler Karren

Theses and Dissertations

DNSSEC ensures the integrity of DNS data. DNSSEC however is not visible to the end user. We designed a DNSSEC status indicator tool that shows the DNSSEC validation statuses of the host being visited in the Web browser. We then conducted a usability study to evaluate the tool, gathering user behavior and feedback from 30 participants. The usability study revealed that users were able to make security conscious decisions based on context of the task, but the tool struggled to communicate that it was sharing the status of the validity of the name-to-IP-address resolution of visited websites. We hope that …

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Task Distillation: Transforming Reinforcement Learning Into Supervised Learning, Connor Wilhelm Oct 2023

Task Distillation: Transforming Reinforcement Learning Into Supervised Learning, Connor Wilhelm

Theses and Dissertations

Recent work in dataset distillation focuses on distilling supervised classification datasets into smaller, synthetic supervised datasets in order to reduce per-model costs of training, to provide interpretability, and to anonymize data. Distillation and its benefits can be extended to a wider array of tasks. We propose a generalization of dataset distillation, which we call task distillation. Using techniques similar to those used in dataset distillation, any learning task can be distilled into a compressed synthetic task. Task distillation allows for transmodal distillations, where a task of one modality is distilled into a synthetic task of another modality, allowing a more …

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Evaluating A Large Language Model’S Ability To Solve Programming Exercises From An Introductory Bioinformatics Course, Stephen R. Piccolo, Paul Denny, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Samuel H. Payne, Perry G. Ridge Sep 2023

Evaluating A Large Language Model’S Ability To Solve Programming Exercises From An Introductory Bioinformatics Course, Stephen R. Piccolo, Paul Denny, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Samuel H. Payne, Perry G. Ridge

Faculty Publications

Life scientists frequently write computer code when doing research. Computer programming can aid researchers in performing tasks that are not supported by existing tools. Programming can also help researchers to implement analytical logic in a way that documents their steps and thus enables others to repeat those steps. Many educational resources are available to teach computer programming, but this skill remains challenging for many researchers and students to master. Artificial-intelligence tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT are able to interpret human-language requests to generate code. Accordingly, we evaluated the extent to which this technology might be used to perform programming tasks described …

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Trumpet Directivity From A Rotating Semicircular Array, Samuel D. Bellows, Joseph E. Avila, Timothy W. Leishman Sep 2023

Trumpet Directivity From A Rotating Semicircular Array, Samuel D. Bellows, Joseph E. Avila, Timothy W. Leishman

Directivity

The directivity function of a played musical instrument describes the angular dependence of its acoustic radiation and diffraction about the instrument, musician, and musician’s chair. Directivity influences sound in rehearsal, performance, and recording environments and signals in audio systems. Because high-resolution, spherically comprehensive measurements of played musical instruments have been unavailable in the past, the authors have undertaken research to produce and share such data for studies of musical instruments, simulations of acoustical environments, optimizations of microphone placements, and other applications. The authors acquired the data from repeated chromatic scales produced by a trumpet played at mezzo-forte in an anechoic …

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Who Gets The Whip? How Supplier Diversification Influences Bullwhip Effect In A Supply Chain, Tyler N. Burrows Sep 2023

Who Gets The Whip? How Supplier Diversification Influences Bullwhip Effect In A Supply Chain, Tyler N. Burrows

Theses and Dissertations

Emergent technologies, such as the `blockchain,' are enabling unprecedented coordination across firms in Supply Chains (SC). Firm decision-makers ultimately are going to need to understand how they can control (and optimize) such a network of relationships. However, the study of SC-level behavior leaves many open questions. Current approaches typically assume a focal firm, and the modeling of SC behavior is usually limited to single-product serial networks. In contrast, real-world SCs show that often a firm has many suppliers, even for the same raw material. This paper aims to understand how demand disturbances (e.g. the 'bullwhip effect') propagate and intensify throughout …

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Utilizing Low-Cost Sensors To Monitor Indoor Air Quality In Mongolian Gers, Callum Flowerday, Jaron C. Hansen, Phil Lundrigan, Christopher Kitras Aug 2023

Utilizing Low-Cost Sensors To Monitor Indoor Air Quality In Mongolian Gers, Callum Flowerday, Jaron C. Hansen, Phil Lundrigan, Christopher Kitras

Faculty Publications

Air quality has important climate and health effects. There is a need, therefore, to monitor air quality both indoors and outdoors. Methods of measuring air quality should be cost-effective if they are to be used widely, and one such method is low-cost sensors (LCS). This study reports on the use of LCSs in Ulaanbataar, Mongolia to measure PM2.5 concentrations inside yurts or “gers”. Some of these gers were part of a non-government agency (NGO) initiative to improve insulating properties of these housing structures. The goal of the NGO was to decrease particulate emissions inside the gers; a secondary result …

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Countnet3d: A 3d Computer Vision Approach To Infer Counts Of Occluded Objects With Quantified Uncertainty, Stephen W. Nelson Aug 2023

Countnet3d: A 3d Computer Vision Approach To Infer Counts Of Occluded Objects With Quantified Uncertainty, Stephen W. Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

3D scene understanding is an important problem that has experienced great progress in recent years, in large part due to the development of state-of-the-art methods for 3D object detection. However, the performance of 3D object detectors can suffer in scenarios where extreme occlusion of objects is present, or the number of object classes is large. In this paper, we study the problem of inferring 3D counts from densely packed scenes with heterogeneous objects. This problem has applications to important tasks such as inventory management or automatic crop yield estimation. We propose a novel regression-based method, CountNet3D, that uses mature 2D …

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Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (Bbceas) Coupled With An Interferometer For On-Band And Off-Band Detection Of Glyoxal, Callum Flowerday, Jaron Hansen, Ryan Thalman Aug 2023

Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (Bbceas) Coupled With An Interferometer For On-Band And Off-Band Detection Of Glyoxal, Callum Flowerday, Jaron Hansen, Ryan Thalman

ScholarsArchive Data

These data are the raw data from the BBCEAS. The "data_" files are the PMT data and the "DualDetection_08_02_2023" files are the spectrograph data. The PMT data are found in column 7 of the sheet. Column 1 is the time stamp.

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Undergraduate Students' Conceptions Of Ngss Science And Engineering Practices, Jessie Webb Aug 2023

Undergraduate Students' Conceptions Of Ngss Science And Engineering Practices, Jessie Webb

Theses and Dissertations

In 2013, a new set of science standards was introduced for K-12 science education, called the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), which focused on three dimensions of science learning that work together: disciplinary core ideas, crosscutting concepts, and science and engineering practices. These standards are novel in their emphasis on students needing more than only content knowledge to learn science and engineering. The NGSS science and engineering practices (SEPs) stress the importance of students engaging in the authentic practices of scientists and engineers to help them think like a scientist, practice science themselves, and overcome the misconception that science is …

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Enhanced Capabilities For Investigating Local Structure And Magnetism: Three Dimensional Magnetic Pair Distribution Function And Symmetry Mode Analysis, Parker Hamilton Aug 2023

Enhanced Capabilities For Investigating Local Structure And Magnetism: Three Dimensional Magnetic Pair Distribution Function And Symmetry Mode Analysis, Parker Hamilton

Theses and Dissertations

The local structure, atomic and magnetic structure correlated over a small length scale, of a material has a strong impact on material properties. Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is a strong tool to investigate local structure and magnetism of this nature. This work outlines extensions to current one dimensional magnetic pair distribution functions (1D-mPDF) and the fitting of structures with symmetry breaking local atomic distortions. 1DmPDF analysis has been used to study local magnetic structure, but requires a rotational averaging of the correlations so directional information is lost, as in powder diffraction experiments. Three dimensional difference magnetic pair distribution function …

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A Colorfully Natural Twin Higgs Model, Logan Coleman Page Aug 2023

A Colorfully Natural Twin Higgs Model, Logan Coleman Page

Theses and Dissertations

Twin Higgs models have the potential to explain phenomena outside of the Standard Model and provide an natural explanation of the Higgs mass. Here I explore a new realization of the twin Higgs concept with an SU(4)c symmetry that is spontaneously broken in the Standard Model sector, but remains unbroken in the Twin sector. I detail the phenomenological results produced by this model. I show that this construction leads to a qualitatively new behavior regarding the fine-tuning of the Higgs mass due to the top-quark sector.

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Constructing Stellar Mass Models For Early-Type Galaxies With Circumnuclear Disks, Jared R. Davidson Aug 2023

Constructing Stellar Mass Models For Early-Type Galaxies With Circumnuclear Disks, Jared R. Davidson

Theses and Dissertations

Dusty circumnuclear disks (CNDs) in luminous early-type galaxies (ETGs) show regular, dynamically cold molecular gas kinematics. For a growing number of these ETGs, Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) CO imaging and detailed gas-dynamical modeling have yielded moderate to high precision black hole (BH) mass (M_BH) determinations. To date, however, few studies have explored the effects of dust attenuation, or uncertainties in dust corrections, on recovered stellar luminosity models from high angular resolution optical/near-IR observations and M_BH measurements. Recent kinematic studies that modeled ALMA CO data sets have found that uncertainties in the intrinsic central stellar surface brightness slope due to …

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Phosphorus Sorption And Kinetics Across The Sediment-Water Interface Of Utah Lake, A Shallow Eutrophic Lake, Forrest Fielding Stretch Jarvis Jarvis Aug 2023

Phosphorus Sorption And Kinetics Across The Sediment-Water Interface Of Utah Lake, A Shallow Eutrophic Lake, Forrest Fielding Stretch Jarvis Jarvis

Theses and Dissertations

Internal sediment phosphorus (P) cycling may regulate harmful algal blooms (HABs) in shallow eutrophic lakes. Utah Lake frequently experiences HABs despite its high alkalinity and P-rich sediment. Phosphorus cycling between the lakebed and the water column is dependent upon stable P-sorption with organic matter (OM) and mineral species, which can vary with substrate availability, P-concentrations, temperature, redox, pH, and microbial activity. A full biogeochemical analysis of the water and sediment across seven sites shows Utah Lake to be spatially well-mixed in terms of composition and sorption, with few exceptions. Sediment P-concentrations (avg. 677 mg-P kg-1) primarily correlate with redox-sensitive iron …

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Don't Fear The Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review Of Machine Learning For Prostate Cancer Detection In Pathology, Aaryn Frewing, Alexander B. Gibson, Richard Robertson, Paul Urie, Dennis Della Corte Aug 2023

Don't Fear The Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review Of Machine Learning For Prostate Cancer Detection In Pathology, Aaryn Frewing, Alexander B. Gibson, Richard Robertson, Paul Urie, Dennis Della Corte

Faculty Publications

The adoption of whole slide image (WSI) scanners in clinical practice was accelerated by US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2017, which allowed primary pathologic diagnoses to be made on scanned images. Images in the digital domain allow the application of pathology artificial intelligence (AI), including clinical decision support with algorithms performing specific diagnoses.1,2 These algorithms, if trained properly, could go beyond the ability of human observation to detect and quantify features that are not recognizable by human perception.1,3,4

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Measuring Microparticle Adhesion Via High-Speed Rotor, Jacob C. Fearnley Aug 2023

Measuring Microparticle Adhesion Via High-Speed Rotor, Jacob C. Fearnley

Theses and Dissertations

Much is known about the atomic/molecular theories that govern adhesion as well as the macroscopic aspects and properties of adhesion. However, adhesion in the microparticle regime is poorly characterized. We report on experiments that use centrifugal force to remove polystyrene (PS) particles from the surface of a high-speed titanium rotor operated in vacuum. This unique rotor can apply forces far greater than other centrifugal force methods or related techniques using atomic force spectroscopy. The mode of attachment, whether particles were located on the windward side versus leeward side of the spinning rotor, time spent in vacuum prior to experiments, and …

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