Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Keyword
-
- Deep learning (7)
- Machine learning (7)
- Carbon (2)
- Catalysis (2)
- Modular forms (2)
-
- Networks (2)
- Phylogenetics (2)
- Synthesis (2)
- $L$-functions (1)
- 14-3-3 (1)
- 2FA (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- 911 (1)
- ALD (1)
- API usability (1)
- ATG9A (1)
- Absolute Encoders (1)
- Abstractions (1)
- Access sets (1)
- Acoustic scattering (1)
- Aeroacoustics (1)
- Aerobic (1)
- Aeronautical telemetry (1)
- Agent modeling (1)
- Allylic amination (1)
- Almond Formation (1)
- Alta stock (1)
- Alumina (1)
- Ambiguity (1)
- Ambiguous contributions (1)
Articles 31 - 60 of 78
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A Method For Reconstructing Historical Destructive Earthquakes Using Bayesian Inference, Hayden J. Ringer
A Method For Reconstructing Historical Destructive Earthquakes Using Bayesian Inference, Hayden J. Ringer
Theses and Dissertations
Seismic hazard analysis is concerned with estimating risk to human populations due to earthquakes and the other natural disasters that they cause. In many parts of the world, earthquake-generated tsunamis are especially dangerous. Assessing the risk for seismic disasters relies on historical data that indicate which fault zones are capable of supporting significant earthquakes. Due to the nature of geologic time scales, the era of seismological data collection with modern instruments has captured only a part of the Earth's seismic hot zones. However, non-instrumental records, such as anecdotal accounts in newspapers, personal journals, or oral tradition, provide limited information on …
Breaking The Organic Mold: Introducing Copper Into The Influenza A Arena With Neutral And Divalent Complexes, Jonathan D. Lynch
Breaking The Organic Mold: Introducing Copper Into The Influenza A Arena With Neutral And Divalent Complexes, Jonathan D. Lynch
Theses and Dissertations
Influenza A (IVA) continues to pose a growing global threat even as current medications are becoming less effective. One of the main avenues of research into new anti-IVA drugs is its homotetrameric Matrix 2 proton channel (M2A), without which the virus would be unable to release its viral RNA into the host cell. The drug amantadine used to bind and block M2A until near-ubiquitous resistance formed as an M2A-S31N mutation, starting around 1995 and proceeding to 2005 when amantadine was disallowed for use as an anti-IVA drug. The standard organic structure currently being used for M2A inhibitor research comprises an …
Discovery Of A Novel Regulatory Mechanism Of Tnk1 By 14-3-3 And Its Ubiquitin Association Domain Provides A Potential Therapeutic Targeting Opportunity In Cancer, Tsz Yin Chan
Theses and Dissertations
While a relatively limited number of known oncogenes underlie a large percentage of cancers, a variety of new genes have emerged as low-frequency cancer drivers. Each of these new oncogenes represents a frontier for targeted therapy. However, the discovery of low-frequency targetable oncogenic drivers is challenging. This study focuses on the poorly understood Tyrosine kinase non-receptor-1 (TNK1), which has been reported to have both oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions. TNK1 has been identified to promote cancer cells survival and promote chemoresistance in multiple independent studies. On the other hand, whole-body constitutive deletion of TNK1 in mice caused an increase in …
Clarque: Chatbot Recognizing Ambiguity In The Conversation And Asking Clarifying Questions, Shreeya Himanshu Mody
Clarque: Chatbot Recognizing Ambiguity In The Conversation And Asking Clarifying Questions, Shreeya Himanshu Mody
Theses and Dissertations
Recognizing when we need more information and asking clarifying questions are integral to communication in our day to day life. It helps us complete our mental model of the world and eliminate confusion. Chatbots need this technique to meaningfully collaborate with humans. We have investigated a process to generate an automated system that mimics human communication behavior using knowledge graphs, weights, an ambiguity test, and a response generator. It can take input dialog text and based on the chatbot's knowledge about the world and the user it can decide if it has enough information or if it requires more. Based …
Zipperotf: Automatic, Precise, And Simple Data Race Detection For Task Parallel Programs With Mutual Exclusion, S. Jacob Powell
Zipperotf: Automatic, Precise, And Simple Data Race Detection For Task Parallel Programs With Mutual Exclusion, S. Jacob Powell
Theses and Dissertations
Data race in parallel programs can be difficult to precisely detect, and doing so manually can often prove unsuccessful. Task parallel programming models can help reduce defects introduced by the programmer by restricting concurrent functionalities to fork-join operations. Typical data race detection algorithms compute the happens-before relation either by tracking the order that shared accesses happen via a vector clock counter, or by grouping events into sets that help classify which heap locations are accessed sequentially or in parallel. Access sets are simple and efficient to compute, and have been shown to have the potential to outperform vector clock approaches …
Age-Suitability Prediction For Literature Using Deep Neural Networks, Eric Robert Brewer
Age-Suitability Prediction For Literature Using Deep Neural Networks, Eric Robert Brewer
Theses and Dissertations
Digital media holds a strong presence in society today. Providers of digital media may choose to obtain a content rating for a given media item by submitting that item to a content rating authority. That authority will then issue a content rating that denotes to which age groups that media item is appropriate. Content rating authorities serve publishers in many countries for different forms of media such as television, music, video games, and mobile applications. Content ratings allow consumers to quickly determine whether or not a given media item is suitable to their age or preference. Literature, on the other …
Optimal Learning Rates For Neural Networks, Tyler Moncur
Optimal Learning Rates For Neural Networks, Tyler Moncur
Theses and Dissertations
Neural networks have long been known as universal function approximators and have more recently been shown to be powerful and versatile in practice. But it can be extremely challenging to find the right set of parameters and hyperparameters. Model training is both expensive and difficult due to the large number of parameters and sensitivity to hyperparameters such as learning rate and architecture. Hyperparameter searches are notorious for requiring tremendous amounts of processing power and human resources. This thesis provides an analytic approach to estimating the optimal value of one of the key hyperparameters in neural networks, the learning rate. Where …
Facing The Hard Problems In Fgvc, Connor Stanley Anderson
Facing The Hard Problems In Fgvc, Connor Stanley Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
In fine-grained visual categorization (FGVC), there is a near-singular focus in pursuit of attaining state-of-the-art (SOTA) accuracy. This work carefully analyzes the performance of recent SOTA methods, quantitatively, but more importantly, qualitatively. We show that these models universally struggle with certain "hard" images, while also making complementary mistakes. We underscore the importance of such analysis, and demonstrate that combining complementary models can improve accuracy on the popular CUB-200 dataset by over 5%. In addition to detailed analysis and characterization of the errors made by these SOTA methods, we provide a clear set of recommended directions for future FGVC researchers.
Teachers' Mathematical Meanings: Decisions For Teaching Geometric Reflections And Orientation Of Figures, Porter Peterson Nielsen
Teachers' Mathematical Meanings: Decisions For Teaching Geometric Reflections And Orientation Of Figures, Porter Peterson Nielsen
Theses and Dissertations
Teachers' instructional decisions are important for students' mathematics learning as they determine the learning opportunities for all students. This study examines teachers' decisions about the activities and tasks they choose for students' mathematics learning, the ordering and connecting of mathematics topics, and the mathematics within curricula not to cover. These decisions are referred to as curricular decisions. I also identify teachers' mathematical schemes, referred to as mathematical meanings, in relation to geometric reflections and orientation of figures and examine teachers' reasoning with their mathematical meanings as they make these curricular decisions. Additionally, based on the results of this study I …
Applications Of Mathematical Optimization Methods To Digital Communications And Signal Processing, Spencer Giddens
Applications Of Mathematical Optimization Methods To Digital Communications And Signal Processing, Spencer Giddens
Theses and Dissertations
Mathematical optimization is applicable to nearly every scientific discipline. This thesis specifically focuses on optimization applications to digital communications and signal processing. Within the digital communications framework, the channel encoder attempts to encode a message from a source (the sender) in such a way that the channel decoder can utilize the encoding to correct errors in the message caused by the transmission over the channel. Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are an especially popular code for this purpose. Following the channel encoder in the digital communications framework, the modulator converts the encoded message bits to a physical waveform, which is sent …
Implications Of Geochemistry And Textures Of Titanite For The Geologic Histories Of The Notch Peak Intrusion And Little Cottonwood Stock, Utah, Porter Henze
Theses and Dissertations
Textural and compositional variations in titanite, along with whole-rock geochemistry, provide constraints on the emplacement and cooling histories of two plutons: the Jurassic Notch Peak pluton and the Oligocene Little Cottonwood stock, both in Utah. Titanite textures observed with back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging along with their compositions were used to determine four periods of growth: cores, rims, interstitial overgrowths, and secondary replacements. Brightness in BSE images correlates mostly with rare earth elements (REE). REE patterns in cores and rims are compositionally similar in both plutons, although the Notch Peak intrusion tend to be slightly more enriched in REE. Overgrowths and …
The Role Of The Chaperone Cct In Assembling Cell Signaling Complexes, Nicole C. Tensmeyer
The Role Of The Chaperone Cct In Assembling Cell Signaling Complexes, Nicole C. Tensmeyer
Theses and Dissertations
In order to function, proteins must be folded into their native shape. While this can sometimes occur spontaneously, the process can be hindered by thermodynamic barriers, trapped intermediates, and aggregation prone hydrophobic interactions. Molecular chaperones are proteins that help client proteins or substrates overcome these barriers so that they can be folded properly. One such chaperone is the chaperonin CCT, a large MDa protein made up of 16 paralogous subunits that form a double ring structure. CCT encapsulates its substrates in a central cavity, where they are sequestered and folded, using ATP binding and hydrolysis to drive conformational changes in …
Links Between Eruptive Styles, Magmatic Evolution, And Morphology Of Low-Shield Volcanoes: Snake River Plain, Idaho, Katelyn J. Barton
Links Between Eruptive Styles, Magmatic Evolution, And Morphology Of Low-Shield Volcanoes: Snake River Plain, Idaho, Katelyn J. Barton
Theses and Dissertations
In this study, connections between chemical composition, eruption style, and topographic features of two shield volcanoes on the Snake River Plain, Idaho are examined. These relationships may then be applied to understanding silicate volcanic features throughout the inner solar system. Despite their similar ages and geographic locations, two young basaltic shield volcanoes—Kimama Butte (87 Ka) and Rocky Butte (95 Ka)—have strikingly different topographic profiles. The Kimama Butte shield has a diameter of 9 km and a height of 210 m. In contrast, Rocky Butte has a broad 36 km topographic shield that rises 140 m with less than 1° slopes. …
Vulnerability Analysis Of Infrastructure Systems, Sean Theodore Lane
Vulnerability Analysis Of Infrastructure Systems, Sean Theodore Lane
Theses and Dissertations
Complex cyber-physical systems have become fundamental to modern society by effectively providing critical services and improving efficiency in various domains. Unfortunately, as systems become more connected and more complex, they also can become more vulnerable and less robust. As a result, various failure modes become more common and easily triggered from both unanticipated and malicious perturbations. Research has been conducted in the area of vulnerability analysis for cyber-physical systems, to assist in locating these possible vulnerabilities before they can fail. I present two case studies on different forms of critical infrastructure systems to identify vulnerabilities and understand how external perturbations …
High Order Numerical Methods For Problems In Wave Scattering, Dane Scott Grundvig
High Order Numerical Methods For Problems In Wave Scattering, Dane Scott Grundvig
Theses and Dissertations
Arbitrary high order numerical methods for time-harmonic acoustic scattering problems originally defined on unbounded domains are constructed. This is done by coupling recently developed high order local absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) with finite difference methods for the Helmholtz equation. These ABCs are based on exact representations of the outgoing waves by means of farfield expansions. The finite difference methods, which are constructed from a deferred-correction (DC) technique, approximate the Helmholtz equation and the ABCs to any desired order. As a result, high order numerical methods with an overall order of convergence equal to the order of the DC schemes are …
Information Geometry And Model Reduction In Oscillatory And Networked Systems, Benjamin Lane Francis
Information Geometry And Model Reduction In Oscillatory And Networked Systems, Benjamin Lane Francis
Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, I consider the problem of model reduction in both oscillatory and networked systems. Previously, the Manifold Boundary Approximation Method (MBAM) has been demonstrated as a data-driven tool for reducing the parametric complexity of so-called sloppy models. To be effective, MBAM requires the model manifold to have low curvature. I show that oscillatory models are characterized by model manifolds with high curvature in one or more directions. I propose methods for transforming the model manifolds of these models into ones with low curvature and demonstrate on a couple of test systems. I demonstrate MBAM as a tool for …
Multi-Objective Intent-Based Path Planning For Robots For Static And Dynamic Environments, Meher Talat Shaikh
Multi-Objective Intent-Based Path Planning For Robots For Static And Dynamic Environments, Meher Talat Shaikh
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation models human intent for a robot navigation task, managed by a human and undertaken by a robot in a dynamic, multi-objective environment. Intent is expressed by a human through a user interface and then translated into a robot trajectory that satisfies a set of human-specified objectives and constraints. For a goal-based robot navigation task in a dynamic environment, intent includes expectations about a path in terms of objectives and constraints to be met. If the planned path drifts from the human's intent as the environment changes, a new path needs to be planned. The intent framework has four …
Mathematical Identities Of Students With Mathematics Learning Dis/Abilities, Emma Lynn Holdaway
Mathematical Identities Of Students With Mathematics Learning Dis/Abilities, Emma Lynn Holdaway
Theses and Dissertations
The majority of research on the mathematics teaching and learning of students with mathematics learning dis/abilities is not performed in the field of mathematics education, but in the field of special education. Due to this theoretical divide, students with mathematics learning dis/abilities are far more likely to be in classes that emphasize memorization, direct instruction, and the explicit teaching of rules and procedures. Additionally, students with mathematics learning dis/abilities are often seen as "unable" to succeed in school mathematics and are characterized by their academic difficulties and deficits. The negative assumptions, beliefs, and expectations resulting from ableistic practices in the …
Microfabricated Fluidic Devices For Biological Assays And Bioelectronics, Anna V. Bickham
Microfabricated Fluidic Devices For Biological Assays And Bioelectronics, Anna V. Bickham
Theses and Dissertations
Microfluidics miniaturizes many benchtop processes and provides advantages of low cost, reduced reagent usage, process integration, and faster analyses. Microfluidic devices have been fabricated from a wide variety of materials and methods for many applications. This dissertation describes four such examples, each employing different features and fabrication methods or materials in order to achieve their respective goals. In the first example of microfluidic applications in this dissertation, thermoplastics are hot embossed to form t-shaped channels for microchip electrophoresis. These devices are used to separate six preterm birth (PTB) biomarkers and establish a limit of detection for each. The next chapter …
Ambiguous Student Contributions And Teacher Responses To Clarifiable Ambiguity In Secondary Mathematics Classrooms, Alicia Marie Heninger
Ambiguous Student Contributions And Teacher Responses To Clarifiable Ambiguity In Secondary Mathematics Classrooms, Alicia Marie Heninger
Theses and Dissertations
Different types of ambiguous student contributions occur in mathematics classrooms. In this study I identified (1) different types of ambiguous student contributions and (2) the different ways teachers respond to one particular kind of ambiguous contribution, clarifiable ambiguity. Note that clarifiable ambiguity is ambiguity that stems from a student who uses an unclear referent in their contribution and can be clarified in the moment by the particular student. Literature has focused only on ambiguity that has the potential to further the development of mathematical concepts and has only theorized about teacher responses to this specific type of ambiguity. This study …
Divisors Of Modular Parameterizations Of Elliptic Curves, Jonathan Reid Hales
Divisors Of Modular Parameterizations Of Elliptic Curves, Jonathan Reid Hales
Theses and Dissertations
The modularity theorem implies that for every elliptic curve E /Q there exist rational maps from the modular curve X_0(N) to E, where N is the conductor of E. These maps may be expressed in terms of pairs of modular functions X(z) and Y(z) that satisfy the Weierstrass equation for E as well as a certain differential equation. Using these two relations, a recursive algorithm can be constructed to calculate the q - expansions of these parameterizations at any cusp. These functions are algebraic over Q(j(z)) and satisfy modular polynomials where each of the coefficient functions are rational functions in …
Towards Cooperating In Repeated Interactions Without Repeating Structure, Huy Pham
Towards Cooperating In Repeated Interactions Without Repeating Structure, Huy Pham
Theses and Dissertations
A big challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) is creating autonomous agents that can interact well with other agents over extended periods of time. Most previously developed algorithms have been designed in the context of Repeated Games, environments in which the agents interact in the same scenario repeatedly. However, in most real-world interactions, relationships between people and autonomous agents consist of sequences of distinct encounters with different incentives and payoff structures. Therefore, in this thesis, we consider Interaction Games, which model interactions in which the scenario changes from encounter to encounter, often in ways that are unanticipated by the players. For …
Student Use Of Mathematical Content Knowledge During Proof Production, Chelsey Lynn Van De Merwe
Student Use Of Mathematical Content Knowledge During Proof Production, Chelsey Lynn Van De Merwe
Theses and Dissertations
Proof is an important component of advanced mathematical activity. Nevertheless, undergraduates struggle to write valid proofs. Research identifies many of the struggles students experience with the logical nature and structure of proofs. Little research examines the role mathematical content knowledge plays in proof production. This study begins to fill this gap in the research by analyzing what role mathematical content knowledge plays in the success of a proof and how undergraduates use mathematical content knowledge during proofs. Four undergraduates participated in a series of task-based interviews wherein they completed several proofs. The interviews were analyzed to determine how the students …
Abstractions Of Graph Models, Charles Addison Johnson
Abstractions Of Graph Models, Charles Addison Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Building models, whether to explain or to predict observed data, is an exercise of describing how the values of observed variables depend on those of others. Black box models only describe relationships between observed variables, and they are evaluated by their ability to accurately describe the values of observed variables in new situations not previously available to the model–such as the output response to a new set of inputs, for example. Black box models describe the observed behavior of the underlying system, but they may not correctly describe the way in which the system computes this behavior. White box models, …
Graph-Based Whole Genome Phylogenomics, Masaki Stanley Fujimoto
Graph-Based Whole Genome Phylogenomics, Masaki Stanley Fujimoto
Theses and Dissertations
Understanding others is a deeply human urge basic in our existential quest. It requires knowing where someone has come from and where they sit amongst peers. Phylogenetic analysis and genome wide association studies seek to tell us where we’ve come from and where we are relative to one another through evolutionary history and genetic makeup. Current methods do not address the computational complexity caused by new forms of genomic data, namely long-read DNA sequencing and increased abundances of assembled genomes, that are becoming evermore abundant. To address this, we explore specialized data structures for storing and comparing genomic information. This …
A Study Of The Anthropogenic Impact In Farmington Bay Through Isotopic And Elemental Analysis, Nathan Vaun Gunnell
A Study Of The Anthropogenic Impact In Farmington Bay Through Isotopic And Elemental Analysis, Nathan Vaun Gunnell
Theses and Dissertations
The influence of human activity on surrounding environments is an important field of research. With respect to aquatic settings, lacustrine deposits provide excellent proxies of environmental change since the sediment accumulates at a relatively constant rate, recording environmental change. This study employs isotopic, mineral, and chemical records from Farmington Bay freeze cores, in particular δ13C, δ15N, and 210Pb isotopes as well as phosphorus level fluctuation and trace metal analysis. In particular, 210Pb isotopes permit estimation of the age of sediment with depth and δ15N, δ13C, and concentration of P provides a record of changing nutrient sources and level of eutrophication. …
Synthesis Of Functionalized Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 6a Di- And Tri- Saccharides, Brady Davis James
Synthesis Of Functionalized Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 6a Di- And Tri- Saccharides, Brady Davis James
Theses and Dissertations
There is a rise in prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, and its FDA-approved vaccines often do not mount effective immune responses in children, the elderly, or the immunocompromised. One reason these vaccines are generally less effective is because they do not utilize T-cell help. T-cell help can be accessed when di-, tri-, or tetra-saccharides positioned inside major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II are presented to T-cell receptors as a target antigen. Pairing MHC II-antigen complexes with T-cell receptors enables development of B and T lymphocytes that are highly specific to these antigens, granting an increase in antibody affinity and …
Topologically Mixing Suspension Flows, Jason J. Day
Topologically Mixing Suspension Flows, Jason J. Day
Theses and Dissertations
We find a set of conditions on a roof function to ensure topological mixing for suspension flows over a topological mixing base. In the measure theoretic case, such conditions have already been established for certain flows. Specifically, certain suspensions are topologically mixing if and only if the roof function is not cohomologous to a constant. We show that an analogous statement holds to establish topological mixing with the presence of dense periodic points. Much of the work required is to find properties specific to the equivalence class of functions cohomologous to a constant. In addition to these conditions, we show …
On The Distribution Of Inter-Arrival Times Of 911 Emergency Responseprocess Events, Blake Cameron Moss
On The Distribution Of Inter-Arrival Times Of 911 Emergency Responseprocess Events, Blake Cameron Moss
Theses and Dissertations
The 911 emergency response process is a core component of the emergency services critical infrastructure sector in the United States. Modeling and simulation of a complex stochastic system like the 911 response process enables policy makers and stakeholders to better understand, identify, and mitigate the impact of attacks/disasters affecting the 911 system. Modeling the 911 response process as a series of queue sub-systems will enable analysis into how CI failures impact the different phases of the 911 response process. Before such a model can be constructed, the probability distributions of the inter-arrivals of events into these various sub-systems needs to …
Geometric Extensions Of Neural Processes, Andrew Newberry Carr
Geometric Extensions Of Neural Processes, Andrew Newberry Carr
Theses and Dissertations
Neural Processes (NPs) are a class of regression models that learn a map from a set of input-output pairs to a distribution over functions. NPs are computationally tractable and provide a number of benefits over traditional nonlinear regression models. Despite these benefits, there are two main domains where NPs fail. This thesis is focused on presenting extensions of the Neural Process to these two areas. The first of these is the extension of Neural Processes graph and network data which we call Graph Neural Processes (GNP). A Graph Neural Process is defined as a Neural Process that operates on graph …