Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Accelerated Degradation Of Chlorinated Solvents By Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Coated With Iron Monosulfide And Stabilized With Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Shirin Ghahghaei Nezamabadi

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Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) injections have proven to be a promising approach for the remediation of aquifers contaminated by chlorinated organic pollutants. This study compares the efficacy of nZVI in sulfidated and unamended forms in degrading selected chlorinated hyrocarbons (CHCs). Results show that nZVI amended with iron monosulfide (FeS) increases the rate of dechlorination of CT, CF and 1,1,1-TCA compared to that by unamended nZVI. The focus of this research was to characterize degradation kinetics and degradation byproduct distributions of CT, CF and 1,1,1-TCA by nZVI coated by iron monosulfide, which is represented as nZVI/FeS. To prevent nZVI particles from …

Atmospheric Effects On Radar/Ladar Detection Of Seismic Activity, Michelle Frances Via

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This thesis investigates how well ground vibrations can be detected at ladar or radar wavelengths and how the atmosphere may impact the observation of such activity. First understanding atmospheric hindrances at each of these wavelengths is helpful to prioritize by those yielding best transmission results. A prerequisite to the outdoor field experiment performed for this study involves analyzing atmospheric effects characterization at six probable wavelengths using the Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference tool (LEEDR) developed by the Air Force Institute of Technology's (AFIT) Center for Directed Energy (CDE). These wavelengths, selected from the shortwave infrared and microwave portions of …

Dna-Nucleobase Guanine As Passivation/Gate Dielectric Layer For Flexible Gfet-Based Sensor Applications, Adrienne Dee Williams

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The main goal of this dissertation was two-fold: first, to study and design a graphene-based transistor environmentally friendly by replacing a standard substrate and gate dielectric with different flexible/rigid and biodegradable films and secondly, to study their effects on graphene's charge carrier mobility. A thin film of deoxyribonucleic acid nucleobase purine guanine deposited by physical vapor deposition onto up to ten layers of graphene that were transferred onto various rigid and flexible substrates was characterized more thoroughly. Several test platforms were fabricated with guanine 1) as a standalone gate dielectric, 2) as the control and 3) as a passivation layer …

Processing And Interpretation Of Illinois Basin Seismic Reflection Data, Katherine M. Gigandet

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An anonymous oil company released 2D dynamite reflection data from the Illinois basin to be reprocessed and interpreted by Wright State University. The aim of the project is to exhaustively apply different seismic processing methods to the data to determine if any improvement in the imaging and interpretation may be accomplished. The data interpretation procedure convolved extracted wavelets from the final migrated section with reflectivity calculated from well log data provided. Once major formation tops were identified attribute analysis was applied to locate potential oil volumes of interest.

The raw shot records from this impulse data are dominated by guided …

Seismic Interpretation And Well Log Analysis Of Jay County, Indiana, Focused On Lithologic Units Below The Mt. Simon Formation, Jennifer Welder

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Cuttings recovered from two Benegar wells in Jay County, Indiana, have led to the recognition of a lithic arenite and limestone layer beneath the Mt. Simon Sandstone, the regional basal sandstone of the Paleozoic platform sequence. This lithic arenite is interpreted as the Middle Run Formation which has been observed in numerous wells within the Western Ohio, Northern Kentucky, and Indiana region. However, the limestone layer in these Benegar wells is unique, with only one other instance of limestone beneath the Mt. Simon being in the Mattison #1 well in southeast Clark County, Ohio. During the summer of 2013 students …

Effect Of Land Use On Mercury In Soils Of Southwest Ohio, Rebecca L. Gamby

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Terrestrial biomass and soils are a primary reservoir of mercury (Hg) derived from natural and anthropogenic sources; however, the fate and stability of Hg in the surface soil reservoir and its susceptibility to change as a result of human activities is relatively unknown. In this study, soil concentrations of Hg and lead (Pb) were compared between old- and new-growth forest soils as well as fallow grassland and agricultural soils in southwest Ohio. Old- and new-growth forest soils had significantly greater concentrations of soil Hg, Pb, and organic matter than fallow and cultivated soils in the O/A horizon. Mercury:organic matter ratios …

Environmental Factors Affecting Methylmercury In Fish Of The Laurentian Great Lakes Region, Joel Harvey

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Monomethylmercury (MMHg) can accumulate in fish to concentrations that pose a threat to the health of fish, piscivorous organisms, and humans who eat fish. A variety of environmental factors have been hypothesized to influence either the methylation of inorganic Hg or the bioaccumulation and magnification of MMHg. This study investigates the influence of selected environmental factors on MMHg concentrations in freshwater fish across a regional scale, most of the U.S. portion of Laurentian Great Lakes region. Fish MMHg was correlated with proton deposition, sulfate deposition, nitrate deposition, mercury deposition, pH, watershed area, and Secchi depth. Only proton deposition was positively …

Cyclic Voltammetric And Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Analysis Of Lead And Cadmium Utilizing The Novel Titanium Dioxide/ Zirconium Dioxide/ Tween 80 Carbon Paste Composite Electrode, Phuong Khanh Quoc Nguyen

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Heavy metals, particularly Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd), had been long identified as hazardous pollutants in the environment. Joining the continuous effort to alleviate this dilemma, a new electro-chemical sensor has been developed to assess the level of Pb and Cd in aqueous environment. The current work describes the utilization of two different electro-analytical techniques, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), in conjunction with the novel Titanium Dioxide/ Zirconium Dioxide/ Tween 80 (TiO2/ ZrO2/ Tween 80) carbon paste composite electrode to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze Pb and Cd. In this dissertation, along with a comprehensive literature …

Copper And Nickel Partitioning With Nanoscale Goethite, Kelsey Marie Danner

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Goethite is an ideal sorbent for investigations of metal partitioning with iron oxyhydroxides because it is the most abundant iron oxyhydroxide in sediments (Langmuir, 1997; van der Zee et al., 2003), and cations have a strong affinity for goethite (Coughlin and Stone, 1995). Steady-state partitioning of nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) to nanoscale goethite (a-FeOOH) was investigated experimentally under conditions intended to be representative of those in natural waters. Manipulated conditions included i) sorbent mass, ii) solute metal concentration, iii) reaction time, iv) pH, v) ionic strength (I), and vi) humate concentration (competitive ligand) to examine how these factors influenced …