Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Managing Micro Vms In Amazon Ec2, Jiawei Wen

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Micro instances (t1.micro) are the class of Amazon EC2 virtual machines (VMs) offering the lowest operational costs for applications with short bursts in their CPU requirements. as processing proceeds, EC2 throttles CPU capacity of micro instances in a complex, unpredictable, manner. This thesis aims at making micro instances more predictable and efficient to use. First, we present a characterization of EC2 micro instances that evaluates the complex interactions between cost, performance, idleness and CPU throttling. Next, we define adaptive algorithms to manage CPU consumption by learning the workload characteristics at runtime and by injecting idleness to diminish host-level throttling. Experimental …

Solving Problems Of The Standard Model Through Scale Invariance, Dark Matter, Inflation And Flavor Symmetry, Raymundo Alberto Ramos

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Through beyond standard model formulations we are able to suggest solutions to some of the current shortcomings of the standard model. In this thesis we focus in particular on inflation, the hierarchy of fermion masses, scale invariant extensions and dark matter candidates. First we present a model of hybrid natural inflation based on the discrete group S_3, the smallest non-Abelian group. The S_3 potential has an accidental symmetry whose breaking results in a pseudo-Goldstone boson with the appropriate potential for a slow-rolling inflaton. The hybrid adjective comes from the fact that inflation is ended by additional scalar fields interacting with …

Turbulent Particle Transport In H-Mode Plasmas On Diii-D, Xin Wang

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Particle transport is an important topic in plasma physics. It determines the density profile of a burning plasma within a tokamak – a magnetic confinement device. Microscopic turbulent particle transport is two orders of magnitude larger than other transport mechanisms for electrons and small ions. In order to confine a plasma in a tokamak with a core density that exceeds the fusion criteria, it is essential to study turbulent particle transport. This thesis investigates how different plasma parameters such as the toroidal rotation and microscopic instabilities affect turbulent particle transport in the DIII-D tokamak. First, we show how toroidal rotation …

Gloucester County Shoreline Management Plan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Christine A. Wilcox, Marcia Berman, Tamia Rudnicky, Karinna Nunez, Sharon A. Killeen

Reports

With approximately 85 percent of the Chesapeake Bay shoreline privately owned, a critical need existsto increase awareness of erosion potential and the choices available for shore stabilization that maintainsecosystem services at the land-water interface. The National Academy of Science published a report thatspotlights the need to develop a shoreline management framework (NRC, 2007). It suggests that improvingawareness of the choices available for erosion control, considering cumulative consequences of erosionmitigation approaches, and improving shoreline management planning are key elements to minimizingadverse environmental impacts associated with mitigating shore erosion.
Actions taken by waterfront property owners to stabilize the shoreline can affect the …

Security Supports For Cyber-Physical System And Its Communication Networks, Zhengrui Qin

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a sensing and communication platform that features tight integration and combination of computation, networking, and physical processes. In such a system, embedded computers and networks monitor and control the physical processes through a feedback loop, in which physical processes affect computations and vice versa. In recent years, CPS has caught much attention in many different aspects of research, such as security and privacy. In this dissertation, we focus on supporting security in CPS and its communication networks. First, we investigate the electric power system, which is an important CPS in modern society. as crucial and …

Synthesis, Structure And Optical Memory Properties Of Copper (I) Thiocyanate Networks With Aromatic Amines, Diimines And Alkyl Sulfides, Gerardo Ayala

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A series of CuSCN compounds were synthesized. Ligands included the alkyl sulfides methyl sulfide (Me2S), ethyl sulfide (Et2S), isopropyl sulfide (Pri2S) and tetrahydrothiophene (THT); diimine ligands pyrazine (Pyz), 2,3-dimethylpyrazine (2,3- Me2Pyz), 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (2,5-Me2Pyz), 2-aminopyrazine (2-NH2Pyz) and 2- methoxypyrazine (2-MeOPyz); two-ring diimines quinoxaline (Qox), quinazoline (Qnz), phthalazine (Ptz); and 3-halopyridines 3-chloropyridine (3-ClPy), 3-bromopyridine (3- BrPy), 3-iodopyridine (3-IPy). Crystal structures were solved for twelve products. With the exception of one Cu(II) compound, all could be classified in the common motifs of chains, ladders or sheets. Alkyl sulfides formed either 1:2 (CuSCN)L2 1-D chains (L = Me2S, 1a and THT, 4) or 1:1 …

Workload Interleaving With Performance Guarantees In Data Centers, Feng Yan

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

In the era of global, large scale data centers residing in clouds, many applications and users share the same pool of resources for the purposes of reducing energy and operating costs, and of improving availability and reliability. Along with the above benefits, resource sharing also introduces performance challenges: when multiple workloads access the same resources concurrently, contention may occur and introduce delays in the performance of individual workloads. Providing performance isolation to individual workloads needs effective management methodologies. The challenges of deriving effective management methodologies lie in finding accurate, robust, compact metrics and models to drive algorithms that can meet …

Study Of Spatial Structure Of Squeezed Vacuum Field, Mi Zhang

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Squeezed states of light, with field fluctuations smaller than the coherent state fluctuations (or shot noise), are used for improving accuracy of quantum-noise limited measurements, like the detection of gravitational waves. They are also essential resources for quantum information transfer protocols. We studied a squeezed vacuum field generated in hot Rb vapor via the polarization self-rotation effect. We studied the mode structure of the squeezed field by spatially-masking the laser beam after its interaction with the Rb atomic vapor. From analysis of the data we developed a multi-mode theory to simulate the mode composition of the squeezed vacuum field. Our …

Thin Film Approaches To The Srf Cavity Problem: Fabrication And Characterization Of Superconducting Thin Films, Douglas Beringer

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities are responsible for the acceleration of charged particles to relativistic velocities in most modern linear accelerators, such as those employed at high-energy research facilities like Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory’s CEBAF and the LHC at CERN. Recognizing SRF as primarily a surface phenomenon enables the possibility of applying thin films to the interior surface of SRF cavities, opening a formidable tool chest of opportunities by combining and designing materials that offer greater benefit. Thus, while improvements in radio frequency cavity design and refinements in cavity processing techniques have improved accelerator performance and efficiency – 1.5 GHz …

Shoreline Evolution: City Of Norfolk, Virginia Chesapeake Bay, Elizabeth And Lafayette River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

City of Norfolk is situated along the Chesapeake Bay, Elizabeth and Lafayette Rivers (Figure 1). Because the City’s shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone …

Regression Or Significance Tests: What Other Choice Is There?—An Academic Perspective, Michael C. Newman, Marcos Krull

VIMS Articles

Both the no-observed-effect concentration and its null hypothesis significance testing foundation have drawn steady criticism since their inceptions [1–5]. Many in our field reasonably advocate regression to avoid conventional null hypothesis significance testing shortcomings; however, regression is compromised under commonly encountered conditions (Green, present Perspective’s Challenge). As the debate to favor null hypothesis significance testing or regression methods continues into the 21st century, a sensible strategy might be to take a moment to ask, Are there now other choices? Our goal is to sketch out 1 such choice.

Werowocomoco Shoreline Management Plan, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Christine A. Wilcox

Reports

Werowocomoco is located on the York River in Gloucester County, Virginia (Figure 1). Historical documents identified Werowocomoco as the headquarters of Powhatan, the Algonquian political and spiritual leader when the English founded Jamestown in 1607. For many years, the exact location of the site was unknown; however, in 2003, archeological digs at the site on the York River between Leigh and Bland Creeks confirmed the location. The site has been occupied by Native Americans since 8,000 before the common era (BCE) and is one of the most important Native American sites in the nation.

In 2016, subsequent to the completion …

Copper(I) Thiocyanate Networks With Aliphatic Sulfide Ligands, Gerardo Ayala, Robert D. Pike

Arts & Sciences Articles

A total of five new CuSCN-L compounds with alkyl sulfide ligands, L = methyl sulfide (Me2S), ethyl sulfide (Et2S), isopropyl sulfide (Pri2S) or tetrahydrothiophene (THT) have been prepared and characterized. X-ray crystal structures for four of the compounds were obtained. Two compounds were collected from solutions of CuSCN in Me2S: {[Cu(SCN)(Me2S)2]}n (1a) in the form of colorless blocks and (CuSCN)(Me2S) (1b) as a white powder. Neat mixtures of CuSCN in the other alkyl sulfide ligands yielded only one product each: {[Cu(SCN)(Et2S)]}n (2); {[Cu(SCN)(Pri2S)]}n (3); and {[Cu(SCN)(THT)2]}n (4). Crystals of 2 and 4 …

Prince George County And The City Of Hopewell, Virginia Shoreline Inventory Report Methods And Guidelines, Marcia Berman, Karinna Nunez, Sharon Killeen, Tamia Rudnicky, Julie Bradshaw, David Stanhope, Karen Duhring, Jessica Hendricks, David Weiss, Carl Hershner

Reports

The 2016 Inventory for Prince George County and the City of Hopewell was generated using on-screen, digitizing techniques in ArcGIS® - ArcMap v10.2.2 while viewing conditions observed in Bing high resolution oblique imagery, Google Earth, and 2013 imagery from the Virginia Base Mapping Program (VBMP). Four GIS shapefiles are developed. The first describes land use and bank conditions (PrinceGeorge_Hopewell _lubc_2016). The second portrays the presence of beaches (PrinceGeorge_Hopewell_beaches_2016). The third reports shoreline structures that are described as arcs or lines (e.g riprap) (PrinceGeorge_Hopewell _sstru_2016). The final shapefile includes all structures that are represented as points (e.g. piers) (PrinceGeorge_Hopewell_astru_2016). The metadata …

Accomack County, Virginia Shoreline Inventory Report Methods And Guidelines, Marcia Berman, Karinna Nunez, Sharon Killeen, Tamia Rudnicky, Julie Bradshaw, Kory Angstadt, Christine Tombleson, Karen Duhring, Kallie Brown, Jessica Hendricks, David Weiss, Carl Hershner, Comprehensive Coastal Inventory Program

Reports

In the 1970s, the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) received a grant through the National Science Foundation’s Research Applied to National Needs Program to develop a series of reports that would describe the condition of tidal shorelines in the Commonwealth of Virginia. These reports became known as the Shoreline Situation Reports. They were published on a locality by locality basis with additional resources provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Office of Coastal Zone Management (Hobbs et al., 1975).

The Shoreline Situation Reports quickly became a common desktop reference for nearly all shoreline managers, regulators, and planners within …

Enhanced Superconductivity In Aluminum-Based Hyperbolic Metamaterials, Vera N. Smolyaninova, Christopher Jensen, William Zimmerman, (...), M. M. Qazilbash, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

One of the most important goals of condensed matter physics is materials by design, i.e. the ability to reliably predict and design materials with a set of desired properties. A striking example is the deterministic enhancement of the superconducting properties of materials. Recent experiments have demonstrated that the metamaterial approach is capable of achieving this goal, such as tripling the critical temperature T-C in Al-Al2O3 epsilon near zero (ENZ) core-shell metamaterial superconductors. Here, we demonstrate that an Al/Al2O3 hyperbolic metamaterial geometry is capable of a similar T-C enhancement, while having superior transport and magnetic properties compared to the core-shell metamaterial …

Shoreline Evolution: Prince George County, Virginia Upper Chippokes Creek, James And Appomattox River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

Prince George County is situated between on the James River between Upper Chippokes Creek and the Appomattox Rivers (Figure 1). Because the County’s shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments.

The purpose of this report is to …

Line Parameters Including Temperature Dependences Of Air- And Self-Broadened Line Shapes Of (Co2)-C-12-O-16: 2.06-Mu M Region, D. Chris Benner, V. Malathy Devi, Keeyoon Sung, Linda R. Brown, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

This study reports the results from analyzing a number of high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectra in the 2.06-μm spectral region for pure CO2 and mixtures of CO2 in dry air. A multispectrum nonlinear least squares curve fitting technique has been used to retrieve the various spectral line parameters. The dataset includes 27 spectra: ten pure CO2, two 99% 13C-enriched CO2 and fifteen spectra of mixtures of 12C-enriched CO2 in dry air. The spectra were recorded at various gas sample temperatures between 170 and 297 K. The absorption path lengths range from 0.347 to 49 m. The sample pressures …

Copper(I) Oligomers And Polymers With Dicyanobenzene And Cyanopyridine Ligands, Mark K. Broderick, Congqi Yang, Robert D. Pike, Aaron Nicholas, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

The reaction of [Cu(MeCN)4]BF4 with o-, m-, or p-dicyanobenzene (DCB) or o-, m-, or p-cyanopyridine (CPy) in the presence of two equivalents of PPh3 produces DCB- or CPy-bridged copper(I) complexes. Cyclic dimers are formed for the ortho ligands, and zigzag polymers are formed using the para ligands. m-DCB produces a polymer, however m-CPy results in a cyclic trimer. Multiple lattice-bound solvates are formed upon crystallization of the o-DCB dimer from various solvents. A total of 11 X-ray crystal structures are reported for [Cun(PPh3)2n(bridge)n](BF4)n·(solvent): …

Shoreline Evolution: City Of Chesapeake, Virginia Elizabeth River Shorelines Data Summary Report, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

City of Chesapeake is situated between the Cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth along several branches of the Elizabeth River (Figure 1). Because the City's shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments.

The purpose of this report is …

Role Of Electron-Electron Interactions In The Charge Dynamics Of Rare-Earth-Doped Cafe2as2, Zhen Xing, T. J. Huffman, Peng Xu, (...), M. M. Qazilbash, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

We have investigated the charge dynamics and the nature of many-body interactions in La- and Pr-doped CaFe2As2. From the infrared part of the optical conductivity, we discover that the scattering rate of mobile carriers above 200 K exhibits saturation at the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit of metallic transport. However, the dc resistivity continues to increase with temperature above 200 K due to the loss of Drude spectral weight. The loss of Drude spectral weight with increasing temperature is seen in a wide temperature range in the uncollapsed tetragonal phase, and this spectral weight is recovered at energy scales about one order of …

Rhythmogenic And Premotor Functions Of Dbx1 Interneurons In The Pre-Bötzinger Complex And Reticular Formation: Modeling And Simulation Studies, Hanbing Song

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Breathing in mammals depends on rhythms that originate from the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) of the ventral medulla and a network of brainstem and spinal premotor neurons. The rhythm-generating core of the preBötC, as well as some premotor circuits, consists of interneurons derived from Dbx1-expressing precursors but the structure and function of these networks remain incompletely understood. We previously developed a cell-specific detection and laser ablation system to interrogate respiratory network structure and function in a slice model of breathing that retains the preBötC, premotor circuits, and the respiratory related hypoglossal (XII) motor nucleus such that in spontaneously rhythmic slices, cumulative …

Sea-Level Rise & Virginia's Coastal Wetlands, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Rivers & Coast is a periodic publication of the Center for Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The goal of Rivers & Coast is to keep readers well informed of current scientific understanding behind key environmental issues related to watershed rivers and coastal ecosystems of the Chesapeake Bay.

Controlling Excited-State Contamination In Nucleon Matrix Elements, Boram Yoon, Rajan Gupta, (...), Kostas Orginos, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

We present a detailed analysis of methods to reduce statistical errors and excited-state contamination in the calculation of matrix elements of quark bilinear operators in nucleon states. All the calculations were done on a 2 + 1-flavor ensemble with lattices of size 32(3) x 64 generated using the rational hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm at a = 0.081 fm and with M-pi = 312 MeV. The statistical precision of the data is improved using the all-mode-averaging method. We compare two methods for reducing excited-state contamination: a variational analysis and a 2-state fit to data at multiple values of the source-sink separation …

Alkali Metal Bismuth(Iii) Chloride Double Salts, Andrew W. Kelly, Aaron Nicholas, John C. Ahern, Benny Chan, Howard H. Patterson, Robert D. Pike

Arts & Sciences Articles

Evaporative co-crystallization of MCl (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) with BiOCl in aqueous HCl produces double salts: MxBiyCl(x+3y)·zH2O. The sodium salt, Na2BiCl5·5H2O (monoclinic P21/c, a = 8.6983(7) Å, b = 21.7779(17) Å, c = 7.1831(6) Å, β = 103.0540(10)°, V = 1325.54(19) Å3, Z = 4) is composed of zigzag chains of μ2-Cl-cis-linked (BiCl5)n2n– chains. Edge-sharing chains of NaCln(OH2)6−n octahedra (n = 0, 2, 3) are linked through μ3-Cl to Bi. The potassium salt, K7Bi3Cl16 (trigonal R−3c, a = 12.7053(9) Å, …

Integrated Assessment Of Oyster Reef Ecosystem Services: Macrofauna Utilization Of Restored Oyster Reefs, M. Lisa Kellogg, Kennedy T. Paynter, Paige G. Ross, Jennifer C. Dreyer, Cate Turner, Manisha Pant, Alan Birch, Edward Smith

Reports

Within the Harris Creek Oyster Sanctuary in the Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay, we evaluated relationships between basic oyster reef characteristics and the abundance and biomass of macrofauna. The eight sites selected for these studies included five restored oyster reef sites and three sites suitable for restoration that had not been restored. These sites encompassed a range of oyster biomass density and were spread throughout the sanctuary area. At each site one month prior to each of four sampling periods, divers filled four wire mesh baskets (0.1m2 surface area x 15 cm depth) with material from the site and embedded …

Sea Level Driven Marsh Expansion In A Coupled Model Of Marsh Erosion And Migration, Matthew L. Kirwan, Dc Walters, W. G. Reay, Ja Carr

VIMS Articles

Coastal wetlands are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth, where ecosystem services such as flood protection depend nonlinearly on wetland size and are threatened by sea level rise and coastal development. Here we propose a simple model of marsh migration into adjacent uplands and couple it with existing models of seaward edge erosion and vertical soil accretion to explore how ecosystem connectivity influences marsh size and response to sea level rise. We find that marsh loss is nearly inevitable where topographic and anthropogenic barriers limit migration. Where unconstrained by barriers, however, rates of marsh migration are much more sensitive …

Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program Annual Report 2015, Susanna Musick, Lewis Gillingham

Reports

Through 2015, the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program has maintained a 20-year database of records for tagged and recaptured fish. The program is a cooperative project of the Virginia Saltwater Fishing Tournament (under the Virginia Marine Resources Commission-VMRC) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) of the College of William and Mary (under the VIMS Marine Advisory Program).

Monitoring Relative Abundance Of American Shad And River Herring In Virginia Rivers 2015 Annual Report, Eric J. Hilton, Robert Latour, Patrick E. Mcgrath, Brian Watkins, Ashleigh Magee

Reports

Concern about the decline in landings of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) along the Atlantic coast prompted the development of an interstate fisheries management plan (FMP) under the auspices of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Management Program (ASMFC 1999). Legislation enables imposition of federal sanctions on fishing in those states that fail to comply with the FMP. To be in compliance, coastal states are required to implement and maintain fishery-dependent and fishery-independent monitoring programs as specified by the FMP. For Virginia, these requirements include spawning stock assessments, the collection of biological data on the spawning run (e.g., age-structure, sex ratio, and …

Resolution Limits Of Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry With Pulsed Source, Guangzhi Qu

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) is a time-of-flight mass spectrometry commonly used to detect a wide mass range of biomarkers. However, MALDI requires a high laser pulse energy to create ions with a mass higher than 50,000 Daltons. That high laser energy increases the net ion production but it also degrades the instrument's mass resolution. This project uses a Room Temperature Ionization Liquid (RTIL) as a liquid matrix with a self healing surface instead of a standard crystal matrix to increase shot to shot reproducibility, enabling a systematic study of the origin of the resolution degradation. This study shows that …