Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Changes In Summer Irrigated Crop Area And Water Use In Southeastern Turkey From 1993 To 2002: Implications For Current And Future Water Resources, Mutlu Ozdogan, Curtis E. Woodcock, Guido D. Salvucci, Hüseyin Demir

United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based …

Lines Of Defense: Coping With Predators In The Rocky Mountain Region, Eric M. Gese, Sean P. Keenan, Ann M. Kitchen

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

This sourcebook provides information useful to producers of all types of livestock in the Rocky Mountain States. The applicability of this information to specific livestock operations will depend upon the characteristics of the operation and the willingness and ability of producers to experiment with various techniques and procedures. Most producers will have experience with some methods of preventing losses to predators. Information in this booklet may provide new insights or sources of information for learning more about methods of depredation management. The booklet also includes information about techniques others are using, and provides opportunities for producers to contact people willing …

Aerial Mass Color - Marking Of Blackbird Roosts, H. Jeffrey Homan, George M. Linz

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We use mass color-marhng to track the local and regional movements of large roosts of blackbirds (Icteridae). Several marhngs have been done by National Wildlife Research Center scientists, including marhng of spring roosts in northeastern Missouri and eastern South Dakota (Knittle et al. 1987, Knittle et al. 1996, Homan et al. 2004), fall roosts in central North Dakota (Linz et al. 1991, Homan et al. 2005), and winter roosts in the southern U.S. (Harsch 1995). Here, we provide a description of the process and methodology of aerial mass color-marhng with fluorescent particles.

Pyroelectric Study Of Polarization Switching In Langmuir-Blodgett Films Of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride Trifluoroethylene), A.V. Sorokin, V.M. Fridkin, Stephen Ducharme

Stephen Ducharme Publications

The ferroelectric switching in Langmuir-Blodgett films of poly (vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene) is studied. The films have a distribution of switching times several decades wide. Nearly a half of the film volume may be switched faster than 1 ms, though complete switching of a whole sample may require 100 s or more. The switching occurs through a domain nucleation and growth mechanism. The decay of polarization at zero bias is logarithmic in time, with a constant rate below 5% per decade at room temperatures. The coercive voltage may be as low as 5 V, which makes the films promising for use …

The Biological Protection Of The Czech Air Force´S., Milan Žuffa-Kunčo

2005 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada 7th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC

This contribution compares all known collisions of the Czech Air Force’s aircraft with birds, from 2000 to 2004. In the course of this period we have assayed 122 cases altogether. Unfortunately, it hasn’t been possible to obtain all needed data due to whether objective or subjective reasons. We have got information: * on the collision time in 115 cases (94% of all cases), * on the velocity of aircraft by the collision in 98 cases (80% of all cases), * on the altitude of aircraft by the collision in 105 cases (86% of all cases), * on location of the …

Percentage Of Wildlife Strikes Reported And Species Identified Under A Voluntary Reporting System, Sandra E. Wright, Richard A. Dolbeer

2005 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada 7th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC

Reporting of wildlife strikes with civil aircraft in the USA is voluntary but strongly encouraged by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) through Advisory Circulars and FAA publications. The National Wildlife Strike Database contained 59,196 strike reports for civil aircraft, 1990-2004. An initial analysis of independent strike data from an eastern USA airport in 1994 indicated that less than 20% of strikes were actually reported to the FAA for inclusion in the National Wildlife Strike Database. To obtain an improved estimate of the percent of strikes reported, we obtained 14 sets of wildlife strike data maintained by three airlines and three …

Affordable, Real-Time, 3-D Avian Radar Networks For Centralized North American Bird Advisory Systems, Peter Weber, Tim J. Nohara, Sidney A. Gauthreaux Jr.

2005 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada 7th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC

Affordable avian radar systems are being developed for Natural Resource Management (NRM) and bird aircraft strike hazard (BASH) applications. Recently [I], the authors have reported on mobile avian radar system requirements and on a system design that is state-of-the-art. In the present paper, the system design of a single avian radar is expanded in scope to address 3-D avian radar networks. These are essential to fully realize an affordable yet high-performance North American bird advisory system. The proposed avian radar network design includes antenna, transceiver and signal processor designs for the avian radar sensor, network design, sensor integration, and system …

Raptor Strike Avoidance At Seattle-Tacoma International Airport: A Biological Approach, Clifford Anderson, Steve Osmek

2005 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada 7th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC

In June 2001 we initiated a Raptor Strike Avoidance Program to monitor raptor activity and develop a biologically-based approach to reduce raptor densities at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA), King County, WA. Weekly surveys established the species, sighting frequencies, and distributions of raptors. Red-tailed Hawks (RTHAs), our most common raptor, occur as both resident and migrant/wintering hawks. We attached colored leg bands, backpack radio-transmitters and wing-tags to 8 of 12 resident RTHAs to identify individuals, locate nests and to assist in defining territories. These adult RTHAs were released onsite with the expectation that they would act as “sentinel” hawks by driving …

Enhancement Of The Faa’S On-Line Wildlife Aircraft Strike Database With An Interactive Graphics Capability, Archie M. Dickey, Allen R. Newman, Michel Hovan

2005 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada 7th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (Prescott, AZ, USA) was awarded a grant from the William J. Hughes FAA Technical Center in October 1999 to develop and maintain a web site dealing with a wide variety of airport safety wildlife concerns. Initially, the web site enabled users to access related topics such as wildlife management (at/near airports), bird identification information, FAA wildlife management guidelines, education, pictures, current news, upcoming meetings and training, available jobs and discussion/forum sections. In April 2001, the web site was augmented with an on-line wildlife strike report (FAA Form 5200-7). Upon submittal on-line, “quick look” email notifications are sent …

Managing Birdstrike Risk With Information Technologies: A Review Of The State-Of-The-Art In 2005, T. Adam Kelly

2005 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada 7th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC

This presentation will discuss three information technologies currently available for management of aircraft birdstrike risk: The United States Air Force (USAF) Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS), the USAF United States Bird Avoidance Model (US BAM), and mobile bird detection radar systems. These three technologies have been under development since the mid-1990’s and efforts are now underway to exchange data and integrate the technologies.

In 2005 the USAF Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Team assigned responsibility for further development and refinement of the US BAM to the contractor team responsible for the ongoing development and operation of AHAS. The intent is …

Adopting An Integrated, Flexible Approach To Reducing The Birdstrike Risk From Canada Geese, Andy Baxter, Ian Witter

2005 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada 7th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC

Canada Geese overflying the runways at London’s Heathrow Airport have been struck on eleven occasions by aircraft during the last ten years. Four of these occurred during the pre-breeding season and seven during the post moult period. A monitoring study was initiated in 1999 to evaluate the movements of geese around the airport and determine appropriate mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of birdstrike. Moult sites within 13km of the airport were identified. 4,900 moulting geese were caught and fitted with colour rings and radio-transmitters between 1999 and 2004. 2,500 visits were made to over 300 sites resulting in over …

Direct Studies Of Domain Switching Dynamics In Thin Film Ferroelectric Capacitors, Alexei Gruverman, B. J. Rodriguez, C. Dehoff, J. D. Waldrep, A. I. Kingon, R. J. Nemanich, J. S. Cross

Alexei Gruverman Publications

An experimental approach for direct studies of the polarization reversal mechanism in thin film ferroelectric capacitors based on piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) in conjunction with pulse switching capabilities is presented. Instant domain configurations developing in a 3x3 μm² capacitor at different stages of the polarization reversal process have been registered using step-by-step switching and subsequent PFM imaging. The developed approach allows direct comparison of experimentally measured microscopic switching behavior with parameters used by phenomenological switching models. It has been found that in the low field regime (just above the threshold value) used in the present study, the mechanism of …

2005 Bird Strike Committee, Conference Schedule: Overview Of Technical Sessions

2005 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada 7th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC

No abstract provided.

Wildlife Risk Management At Vancouver International Airport, Gary F. Searing

2005 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada 7th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC

The Vancouver International Airport (YVR) is the second busiest airport in Canada. YVR is located on Sea Island in the Fraser River Estuary - a world-class wintering and staging area for hundreds of thousands of migratory birds. The Fraser Delta supports Canada’s largest wintering populations of waterfowl, shorebirds, and raptors. The large number of aircraft movements and the presence of many birds near YVR pose a wide range of considerable aviation safety hazards. Until the late 1980s when a full-time Wildlife Control Program (WCP) was initiated, YVR had the highest number of bird strikes of any Canadian commercial airport. Although …

Trash And Water: Managing On-Airport Wildlife Attractants At Paine Field, Washington, Matthew R. Stevens, Laurence M. Schafer, Brian E. Washburn

2005 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada 7th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC

Identifying and addressing land uses on or near airports that attract wildlife hazardous to aviation, such as refuse and water management facilities, is an important component of an integrated approach to reduce wildlife-aircraft collisions. Similar to most airports, Snohomish County Airport (Paine Field) has recently been involved with construction of on-airfield stormwater management structures. In addition, Snohomish County built a new trash-transfer facility on airport property during 2002-2003. The airport, USDA Wildlife Services, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) provided considerable input into the design and landscaping around the transfer facility and in the redesign of a stormwater detention pond/wetland …

Efficacy Of Aircraft Mounted Lighting To Reduce Bird Strikes, Scott T. Philibin

2005 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada 7th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC

A question has lingered over the Aviation Industry for over 30 years. Can we improve the visibility of aircraft to birds so as to reduce the probability of bird aircraft collisions? At the outset, I want to make clear that reducing bird hazards to aircraft is a comprehensive and systemic problem which can be mitigated in part by active control of causative factors in and around airports. However, aircraft rapidly transition out of the airport boundary in a matter of seconds and are still transitioning miles away from the airport at altitudes where birds may still be commonly found. It …

Search For Long-Lived Doubly Charged Higgs Bosons In Pp̅ Collisions At √2=1.96 Tev, Darin Acosta, Kenneth A. Bloom, Collider Detector At Fermilab Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

We present a search for long-lived doubly charged Higgs bosons (H^±±), with signatures of high ionization energy loss and muonlike penetration. We use 292 pb^-1 of data collected in pp̅ collisions at √2=1.96 TeV by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Observing no evidence of long-lived doubly charged particle production, we exclude H_L^±± and H_R^±± bosons with masses below 133 GeV/c² and 109 GeV/c², respectively. In the degenerate case we exclude H^±± mass below 146 GeV/c². All limits are quoted at …

Measurement Of The T T̅ Production Cross Section In P P̅ Collisions At Sqrt(S)=1.96 Tev Using Lepton Plus Jets Events With Semileptonic B Decays To Muons, Darin Acosta, Kenneth A. Bloom, Collider Detector At Fermilab Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

We present a measurement of the t[overline t] production cross section using 194 pb^-1 of CDF II data using events with a high transverse momentum electron or muon, three or more jets, and missing transverse energy. The measurement assumes 100% t→Wb branching fraction. Events consistent with tt̅ decay are found by identifying jets containing heavy-flavor semileptonic decays to muons. The dominant backgrounds are evaluated directly from the data. Based on 20 candidate events and an expected background of 9.5±1.1 events, we measure a production cross section of 5.3±3.3_-1.0^+1.3 pb, in agreement with the standard model.

Memorandum Of Understanding Between The United States Department Of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration And The United States Department Of Agriculture. Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services.

Other Bird Strike and Aviation Materials

This Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) continues the cooperation between the Federal Aviation Administration and Wildlife Services (WS) for mitigating wildlife hazards to aviation.

Bufo Marinus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Other Publications in Wildlife Management

Marine toads are well adapted for living in urban areas and are quite common in suburban areas over their introduced range in Florida. They can frequently be seen hopping along sidewalks or resting near suburban canals (Wright and Wright, 1949; Krakauer, 1968; Ashton and Ashton, 1988). They are active mostly at night. During the day they hide under fallen trees, leaves, stones, debris, or any other objects in humid areas, or burrow into loose soil (Wright and Wright, 1949; Behler, 1979) Temperature Tolerance: Marine toads are sensitive to cold temperatures. Intolerance of cold temperatures was apparently the reason at least …

Sturnus Vulgaris (Linnaeus)

Other Publications in Wildlife Management

European starlings are among the most successful of North American invaders. They are common throughout the United States and thrive in disturbed areas such as around farm lands and in suburban areas, where seasonally they form huge flocks (Burleigh, 1958; Kaufman, 1996). They are also common in coastal areas near salt water (Imhof, 1962) and have been reported to roost in large numbers in marshes (Forbush, 1955). They tend to be rare in undisturbed areas (Kaufman, 1996). They form large flocks, especially in the winter, and are frequently observed in association with blackbirds and grackles (Sprunt, 1954).

Capsicum Oleoresin: Development Of An In-Soil Repellent For Pocket Gophers, Ray T. Sterner, Stephen A. Shumacke, Stanley E. Gaddis, Jean B. Bourassa

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

A pre- and post-monitoring study was conducted of the potential use of capsicum oleoresin as an in-soil repellent for northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides). Pocket gophers were captured in irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L), affixed with radio transmitters, and monitored daily for location. Six plots (4.87 × 4.87m) each were randomly assigned to capsicum oleoresin and soybean oil treatments; these were set up based upon the centers of initial core areas of gophers. Mean (±SD) volumes of capsicum oleoresin and water and soybean oil and water mixtures (10 + 90 by volume) dispensed onto plots equaled 178.5 (±4.7) and 175.7 …

Temperature Dependence Of The Training Effect In A Co/Coo Exchange-Bias Layer, Christian Binek, Xi He, Srinivas Polisetty

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The temperature dependence of the training effect is studied in a Co/CoO exchange-bias bilayer and a phenomenological theory is presented. After field cooling the sample to below its blocking temperature, the absolute value of the exchange-bias field decreases when cycling the heterostructure through consecutive hysteresis loops. This decrease is known as the training effect and is studied in the temperature range 5 < =T < =120 K. An implicit sequence, which has been recently derived using the Landau-Khalatnikov approach of relaxation, fits the respective data set for each individual temperature. The underlying discretized dynamic equation involves an expansion of the free energy in powers of the interface magnetization of the antiferromagnetic pinning layer. The particular structure of the free energy with a leading fourth-order term is derived in a mean-field approach. The explicit temperature dependence of the leading expansion coefficient explains the temperature dependence of the training effect. The analytic approach is confirmed by the result of a best fit, which condenses the data from more than 50 measured hysteresis loops.

Cloud-To-Ground Lightning Production In Strongly Forced, Low-Instability Convective Lines Associated With Damaging Wind, Matthew S. Van Den Broeke, David M. Schultz, Robert H. Johns, Jeffry S. Evans, John E. Hales

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

During 9–11 November 1998 and 9–10 March 2002, two similar convective lines moved across the central and eastern United States. Both convective lines initiated over the southern plains along strong surface-based cold fronts in moderately unstable environments. Both lines were initially associated with cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning, as detected by the National Lightning Detection Network, and both events met the criteria to be classified as derechos, producing swaths of widespread damaging wind. After moving into areas of marginal, if any, instability over the upper Midwest, CG lightning production ceased or nearly ceased, although the damaging winds continued. The 9 March 2002 …

Analyses Of High Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery For Characterization Of Ponderosa Pine Woodlands, Cullen R. Robbins

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The Bessey Unit of the Nebraska National Forest is a planted ponderosa pine forest located in the Nebraska Sand Hills. Planted in the early 20th Century, it provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of ponderosa pine establishment on the surrounding grassland ecosystem and the effects of increasing pine density on the forest ecosystem. It has been hypothesized that there are key levels of canopy cover at which shifts in ecosystem function occur. The goal of this research was to use remotely sensed data to develop a reliable method for estimating canopy cover. More specifically, canopy cover was estimated …

Factors Affecting Songbird Nest Survival And Brood Parasitism In The Rainwater Basin Region Of Nebraska, Max Post Van Der Burg

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Thomson Scattering And Ponderomotive Intermodulation Within Standing Laser Beat Waves In Plasma, Scott Sepke, Y.Y. Lau, James Paul Holloway, Donald P. Umstadter

Donald Umstadter Publications

Electrons in a standing electromagnetic wave—an optical lattice—tend to oscillate due to the quiver and ponderomotive potentials. For sufficiently intense laser fields (lλ²≤5×10¹⁷ W cm^-2 µm²) and in plasmas with sufficiently low electron densities (n≤10¹⁸ cm^-3), these oscillations can occur faster than the plasma can respond. This paper shows that these oscillations result in Thomson scattering of light at both the laser and ponderomotive bounce frequencies and their harmonics as well as at mixtures of these frequencies. We term this mixing ponderomotive intermodulation. Here, the case of counterpropagating …

Self-Organization Of Spatial Solitons, Martin Centurion, Ye Pu, Demetri Psaltis

Martin Centurion Publications

We present experimental results on the transverse modulation instability of an elliptical beam propagating in a bulk nonlinear Kerr medium, and the formation and self-organization of spatial solitons. We have observed the emergence of order, self organization and a transition to an unstable state. Order emerges through the formation of spatial solitons in a periodic array. If the initial period of the array is unstable the solitons will tend to self-organize into a larger (more stable) period. Finally the system transitions to a disordered state where most of the solitons disappear and the beam profile becomes unstable to small changes …

Dissociative Electron Attachment To Uracil Deuterated At The N1 And N3 Positions, A. M. Scheer, C. Silvernail, John A. Belot Jr., Gordon A. Gallup, Paul Burrow

Paul Burrow Publications

Deuteration at the nitrogen sites of uracil produces a striking change in the dissociative attachment cross-section at electron energies below 3 eV. In particular, sharp structures observed in uracil are absent or too small to observe. This result, as well as theoretical modeling, supports the earlier assignment of the sharp structure to vibrational Feshbach resonances that decay by tunneling of the N₁ hydrogen atom through the barrier created by the avoided crossing of the dipole bound anion potential surface by that of the lowest ²Σ valence anion state.

Geometry And Magnetism Of L10 Nanostructures, Kory D. Sorge, Ralph Skomski, Maria Daniil, Steven A. Michalski, L. Gao, Jian Zhou, M. Yan, Yucheng Sui, Roger D. Kirby, Sy_Hwang Liou, David J. Sellmyer

Roger Kirby Publications

The fabrication and magnetism of L1₀ nanostructures with different shapes (such as nanoparticles and nanotubes) is investigated. These nanostructures are produced by hydrogen processing and focused ion beam milling. The structures exhibit interesting reversal modes and are of present or potential interest for sensors and imaging, as well as magnetic recording.