Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Quantifying Tidewater Glacier-Fjord Environments In The Rapidly Changing Regions Of West And South Greenland, Sydney Baratta

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Greenland Ice Sheet has undergone rapid mass loss over the last four decades, primarily through solid and liquid discharge at marine-terminating outlet glaciers. The acceleration of these glaciers is in part due to the increase in temperature of ocean water in contact with the glacier terminus. However, quantifying meltwater injection and heat transport can be challenging due to iceberg abundance, which threatens instrument survival and fjord accessibility. Additionally, acceleration and eventual retreat of tidewater glaciers onto land can change glacier forcing, completely altering fjord water-meltwater dynamics. Here, we couple in situ and remote sensing methods to quantify the upper-layer …

Hydrodynamic Characteristics And Sediment Distribution Patterns In Wulan Delta Estuary, Demak, Indonesia, Max Rudolf Muskananfola, Sigit Febrianto, Diah Ayuningrum

Makara Journal of Technology

The Wulan Delta, located in Wedung, Demak, was formed due to the sedimentation process of the Wulan and Serang rivers. Sediment transport starts from rivers to the sea; the process carries nutrients and various chemicals derived from agricultural, industrial, or household activities. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of hydrodynamics, suspended sediment, and bottom sediments in the Wulan Delta waters, Demak. Field data were collected in transitional season two (October) 2022. The obtained data were then analyzed in the laboratory at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science. Results showed that the speed of the surface current in the …

The Importance Of Organic Content To Fractal Floc Properties In Estuarine Surface Waters, Insights From Video, Lisst, And Pump Sampling: Supporting Data, Kelsey A. Fall, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

The linked folders and associated data files contain the observations utilized in Fall, K.A., Friedrichs, C.T., Massey, G.M., Bowers, D.G., and Smith, S.J. (2021). The importance of organic content to fractal floc properties in estuarine surface waters: Insights from video, LISST, and pump sampling. JGR Oceans.

The file “Description of Data Files.pdf” outlines the content of the ten data folders, each of which is associated with a data set collected on an individual one-day cruise in the York River estuary.

Information Content Of Absorption Spectra And Implications For Ocean Color Inversion, B. B. Cael, Alison Chase, Emmanuel Boss

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

The increasing use of hyperspectral optical data in oceanography, both in situ and via remote sensing, holds the potential to significantly advance characterization of marine ecology and biogeochemistry because, in principle, hyperspectral data can provide much more detailed inferences of ecosystem properties via inversion. Effective inferences, however, require careful consideration of the close similarity of different signals of interest, and how these interplay with measurement error and uncertainty to reduce the degrees of freedom (DoF) of hyperspectral measurements. Here we discuss complementary approaches to quantify the DoF in hyperspectral measurements in the case of in situ particulate absorption measurements, though …

Advantages And Limitations To The Use Of Optical Measurements To Study Sediment Properties, Emmanuel Boss, Christopher R. Sherwood, Paul Hill, Tim Milligan

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Measurements of optical properties have been used for decades to study particle distributions in the ocean. They are useful for estimating suspended mass concentration as well as particle-related properties such as size, composition, packing (particle porosity or density), and settling velocity. Measurements of optical properties are, however, biased, as certain particles, because of their size, composition, shape, or packing, contribute to a specific property more than others. Here, we study this issue both theoretically and practically, and we examine different optical properties collected simultaneously in a bottom boundary layer to highlight the utility of such measurements. We show that the …

The Feasibility Of Using Inherent Optical Properties And The Apparent Optical Property Remote Sensing Reflectance To Estimate Suspended Particulate Matter, Particularly For Use In Airborne Hydrographic Surveys, Sarah Epps

Dissertations

Airborne hydrographic surveys are routinely used to create and update nautical charts around the world. This research is intended to assist in maximizing the utility of the data products made available from those surveys in accordance with the current survey–once, use–many–times initiatives. Specifically, this project evaluates the feasibility of using the data available airborne hydrographic systems that utilize bathymetric lasers and hyperspectral sensors to estimate the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM). SPM is sometimes also called suspended sediment. The ability to chart spatial distributions of SPM utilizing hydrographic survey systems already in operation will assist researchers, managers, and stakeholders …

A New Machine-Learning Approach For Classifying Hysteresis In Suspended-Sediment Discharge Relationships Using High-Frequency Monitoring Data, Scott D. Hamshaw, Mandar M. Dewoolkar, Andrew W. Schroth, Beverley C. Wemple, Donna M. Rizzo

College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications

Studying the hysteretic relationships embedded in high-frequency suspended-sediment concentration and river discharge data over 600+ storm events provides insight into the drivers and sources of riverine sediment during storm events. However, the literature to date remains limited to a simple visual classification system (linear, clockwise, counter-clockwise, and figure-eight patterns) or the collapse of hysteresis patterns to an index. This study leverages 3 years of suspended-sediment and discharge data to show proof-of-concept for automating the classification and assessment of event sediment dynamics using machine learning. Across all catchment sites, 600+ storm events were captured and classified into 14 hysteresis patterns. Event …

Modeling The Impacts Of Changing Climatic Extremes On Streamflow And Sediment Yield In A Northeastern Us Watershed, J. Stryker, B. Wemple, A. Bomblies

College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications

Study region: We investigate the impacts of local temperature and precipitation trends on discharge and sediment loading by applying the model to a watershed in the northeastern US, where trends in increasing precipitation exceed those of other regions in North America. Study focus: In this study we simulate the response of watershed sediment loading to changing frequencies and magnitudes of extreme precipitation events using a coupled model that explicitly simulates streambank erosion and failure within a distributed watershed model. To drive the model, we use meteorological inputs from general circulation models (GCMs) as well as from a statistical weather generator …

Tropical River Suspended Sediment And Solute Dynamics In Storms During An Extreme Drought, Kathryn E. Clark, James B. Shanley, Martha A. Scholl, Nicolas Perdrial, Julia N. Perdrial, Alain F. Plante, William H. Mcdowell

College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications

Droughts, which can strongly affect both hydrologic and biogeochemical systems, are projected to become more prevalent in the tropics in the future. We assessed the effects of an extreme drought during 2015 on stream water composition in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. We demonstrated that drought base flow in the months leading up to the study was sourced from trade-wind orographic rainfall, suggesting a resistance to the effects of an otherwise extreme drought. In two catchments (Mameyes and Icacos), we sampled a series of four rewetting events that partially alleviated the drought. We collected and analyzed dissolved constituents (major …

Modeling Sediment Mobilization Using A Distributed Hydrological Model Coupled With A Bank Stability Model, J. Stryker, B. Wemple, A. Bomblies

College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications

In addition to surface erosion, stream bank erosion and failure contributes significant sediment and sediment-bound nutrients to receiving waters during high flow events. However, distributed and mechanistic simulation of stream bank sediment contribution to sediment loads in a watershed has not been achieved. Here we present a full coupling of existing distributed watershed and bank stability models and apply the resulting model to the Mad River in central Vermont. We fully coupled the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) with the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) to allow the simulation of stream bank erosion and potential failure in …

Development And Application Of A Modis Inorganic Sediment Model During The 2016 Mississippi River Diversion In Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, Robert Lee Iles Iv

LSU Master's Theses

The Bonnet Carré Spillway (BCS) is a Mississippi River diversion located on the southwestern coastline of Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana. The discharge of potentially high amounts of Mississippi River nutrients and sediments during BCS diversion events has a noted ecological impact on the Lake Pontchartrain estuary. Projected river flooding prompted the opening of the Spillway from 10 January to 1 February 2016. MODIS satellite images were aerosol-corrected and then compared to in-situ measurements of inorganic sediment concentration (ISC) to derive a predictive algorithm for estimating ISC (in mg L^-1) in Lake Pontchartrain for satellite images in January and February. The …

Estimating The Maritime Component Of Aerosol Optical Depth And Its Dependency On Surface Wind Speed Using Satellite Data, Y. Lehahn, I. Koren, E. Boss, Y. Ben-Ami, O. Altaratz

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Six years (2003-2008) of satellite measurements of aerosol parameters from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and surface wind speeds from Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E), and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), are used to provide a comprehensive perspective on the link between surface wind speed and marine aerosol optical depth over tropical and subtropical oceanic regions. A systematic comparison between the satellite derived fields in these regions allows to: (i) separate the relative contribution of wind-induced marine aerosol to the aerosol optical depth; (ii) extract an empirical linear equation linking coarse marine aerosol optical …

Red And Black Tides: Quantitative Analysis Of Water-Leaving Radiance And Perceived Color For Phytoplankton, Colored Dissolved Organic Matter, And Suspended Sediments, Heidi M. Dierssen, Raphael M. Kudela, John P. Ryan, Richard C. Zimmerman

OES Faculty Publications

Using field measurements and quantitative modeling, we demonstrate that red coloration of the sea surface is not associated with any particular group of phytoplankton and is strongly dependent on the physiology of the human visual system. Red or brown surface waters can be produced by high concentrations of most types of algae, colored dissolved organic matter, or suspended sediment. Even though light reflected by red tides commonly peaks in the yellow spectral region (570–580 nm), human color perception requires consideration of the entire spectrum of light relative to receptors within the human eye. The color shift from green to red …