Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Atlantic Ocean Variability And European Alps Winter Precipitation, Giuseppe Formetta, Jonghun Kam, Sahar Sadeghi, Glenn Tootle, Thomas Piechota

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Winter precipitation (snowpack) in the European Alps provides a critical source of freshwater to major river basins such as the Danube, Rhine, and Po. Previous research identified Atlantic Ocean variability and hydrologic responses in the European Alps. The research presented here evaluates Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) and European Alps winter precipitation variability using Singular Value Decomposition. Regions in the north and mid-Atlantic from the SSTs were identified as being tele-connected with winter precipitation in the European Alps. Indices were generated for these Atlantic SST regions to use in prediction of precipitation. Regression and non-parametric models were developed using the …

Remote Ocean Forcing On Interannual-To-Decadal Climate Variability Through Inter-Basin Interactions, Zachary F. Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This dissertation explores the connection between ocean basins through the atmosphere by employing observational data analyses and a climate modeling approach. Sea surface temperature changes in the tropical Pacific, known as the El Niño Southern Oscillation, can influence worldwide weather and sea surface temperatures in other ocean basins. For instance, tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures can impact the Atlantic and Indian Oceans through airflow changes along the equator. However, Atlantic and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature changes can also influence the tropical Pacific through similar processes. Therefore, it is challenging to identify the mechanisms of these remote connections between ocean …

Stony Brook Radar Observatory Radar Data For February 20, 2019, Mariko Oue

SoMAS Research Data

Stony Brook Radar Observatory (SBRO) has been in operation since March in 2017 (-73.127E, 40.897N, https://you.stonybrook.edu/radar/). The flagship radar of SBRO is a very sensitive, sophisticated, and well-calibrated Ka-band (35-GHz) scanning fully-polarimetric radar (KASPR). The radar measurements are complemented by two profiling radar systems operating at W-band (94-GHz, ROGER) and K-band (24-GHz, MRRPro). KASPR, ROGER, and MRRPro at SBRO collected triple frequency data during a snow event on February 20, 2019. Analyses of dual wavelength ratio, mean vertical Doppler velocity, and polarimetric radar variables from the triple frequency measurements can be used to identify ice particle types, distinguish among …

Stony Brook Radar Observatory Radar And Lidar Data For February 25, 2020, Mariko Oue, Katia Lamer

SoMAS Research Data

Observations collected during the 25-February-2020 deployment of the Vapor In-Cloud Profiling Radar at the Stony Brook Radar Observatory clearly demonstrate the potential of G-band radars for cloud and precipitation research. The field experiment, which coordinated an X-, Ka, W-and G-band radar, revealed that the differential reflectivity from Ka-G-band pair provides larger signals than the traditional Ka-W pairing underpinning an increased sensitivity to smaller amounts of liquid and ice water mass and sizes. The data include:

1) Vapor In-Cloud Profiling Radar (VIPR) collected on 24-26 February 2020

2) W-band profiling radar (ROGER) collected on 25 February 2020

3) Ka-band Scanning Polarimetric …

The Effect Of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, And Precipitation On Preterm Labor In Expecting Women In South Carolina, Allison K. Fletcher

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Each year, approximately 9.9% of infants in the United States are born prematurely at less than 37 weeks of gestation with unidentified causes. From 2014 to 2016, the total preterm birth rate rose 3%, and late preterm birth rates rose almost 4%. One source of preterm labor that has been examined in recent years is its potential correlation with meteorological phenomena, including barometric pressure, temperature, and precipitation. In September of 2019, birth data recording 322 deliveries from two South Carolina hospitals was collected along with weather data on the given dates. The changes in temperature, barometric pressure, and precipitation for …

Quantification Of Climate Variability And Extreme Events In The Great Plains, Angelinah Ntsieng Rasoeu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Climate variability and extreme events continue to worsen resulting in significant impacts to society and the environment. Quantifying precipitation variability, streamflow, and extreme events at local scale is crucial for local planning and management due to spatial and temporal precipitation variability which influences streamflow and thus, water resources. This study uses statistical tools to analyze 1895-2019 (125 years) of historical precipitation data to examine how long-term precipitation varies annually, seasonally, and monthly, and create climate classifications. The results show that annual precipitation is increasing linearly over time ranging from 13.2 in (1976) to 43.1 in (2010) and 5 climate classes …

Analysis Of Uncertainty In Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasts, Carolien N. Mossel

Dissertations and Theses

Ensemble hydrometeorological forecasting has great potential for improving flood predictions and use in water management systems, however, the amount of data used and created with an ensemble forecast requires a careful and intentional approach to understand how useful and skillful the forecast is. The NOAA National Water Model (NWM) was run using downscaled NOAA Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) meteorological forcings for the 2016-2017 wet season (October-March) in California to create an 11-member hydrologic forecast ensemble. To evaluate the performance of these ensemble forecasts, we chose to study streamflow sites within Sonoma County, California, a rain-dominated region which includes the …