Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Multimodel Projections Of Stratospheric Ozone In The 21st Century, V. Eyring, D. W. Waugh, G. E. Bodeker, Eugene C. Cordero, H. Akiyoshi, J. Austin, S. R. Beagley, B. A. Boville, P. Braesicke, C. Brühl, N. Butchart, M. P. Chipperfield, M. Dameris, R. Deckert, M. Deushi, S. M. Frith, R. R. Garcia, A. Gettelman, M. A. Giorgetta, D. E. Kinnison, E. Mancini, E. Manzini, D. R. Marsh, S. Matthes, T. Nagashima, P. A. Newman, J. E. Nielsen, S. Pawson, G. Pitari, D. A. Plummer, E. Rozanov, M. Schraner, J. F. Scinocca, K. Semeniuk, T. G. Shepherd, K. Shibata, B. Steil, R. S. Stolarski, W. Tian, M. Yoshiki

Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science

[1] Simulations from eleven coupled chemistry-climate models (CCMs) employing nearly identical forcings have been used to project the evolution of stratospheric ozone throughout the 21st century. The model-to-model agreement in projected temperature trends is good, and all CCMs predict continued, global mean cooling of the stratosphere over the next 5 decades, increasing from around 0.25 K/decade at 50 hPa to around 1 K/decade at 1 hPa under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario. In general, the simulated ozone evolution is mainly determined by decreases in halogen concentrations and continued cooling of …

Multimodel Projections Of Stratospheric Ozone In The 21st Century, V. Eyring, D. W. Waugh, G. E. Bodeker, Eugene C. Cordero, H. Akiyoshi, J. Austin, S. R. Beagley, B. A. Boville, P. Braesicke, C. Brühl, N. Butchart, M. P. Chipperfield, M. Dameris, R. Deckert, M. Deushi, S. M. Frith, R. R. Garcia, A. Gettelman, M. A. Giorgetta, D. E. Kinnison, E. Mancini, E. Manzini, D. R. Marsh, S. Matthes, T. Nagashima, P. A. Newman, J. E. Nielsen, S. Pawson, G. Pitari, D. A. Plummer, E. Rozanov, M. Schraner, J. F. Scinocca, K. Semeniuk, T. G. Shepherd, K. Shibata, B. Steil, R. S. Stolarski, W. Tian, M. Yoshiki

Eugene C. Cordero

[1] Simulations from eleven coupled chemistry-climate models (CCMs) employing nearly identical forcings have been used to project the evolution of stratospheric ozone throughout the 21st century. The model-to-model agreement in projected temperature trends is good, and all CCMs predict continued, global mean cooling of the stratosphere over the next 5 decades, increasing from around 0.25 K/decade at 50 hPa to around 1 K/decade at 1 hPa under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario. In general, the simulated ozone evolution is mainly determined by decreases in halogen concentrations and continued cooling of …

Assessment Of The Flame Angelfish (Centropyge Loriculus) As A Model Species In Studies On Egg And Larval Quality In Marine Fishes, Chatham K. Callan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This project sought to determine if flame angelfish (Centropyge loriculus) could serve as models in examination of environmental and dietary effects on egg quality in marine fishes. Evaluation of 21 marine ornamental species identified flame angelfish as being amenable to egg quality research, due to their rapid conditioning and frequency of spawning. At the onset of this project, accidental copper introduction to broodstock systems required assays to determine the effects of copper exposure on survival and reproduction. Flame angelfish exhibited accute sensitivity to copper, as 60% of fish exposed to 0.25mg/L died within 12 hours of exposure. Likewise, fish exposed …

Sheep Updates 2007 - Part 1, Richard Gunner, Anthony Clarke, Kevin Bell, Hugh Dove, H. M. Burrow, Kevin Goss

Sheep Updates

This session covers six papers from different authors:

PLENARY

1. Life beyond the farmgate - the meat perspective, Richard Gunner – Principal:- Richard Gunner’s Fine Meats

2. Do you need to worry about climate change?, Anthony Clark, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University and Bureau of Rural Sciences.

3. Ruminant nutrition panel session - The impact of nutrition on animal health and welfare, Kevin Bell, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Studies, Murdoch University

4. Ruminant nutrition panel session - Pasture/animal interactions, Hugh Dove, Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Plant Industry

5. Precision Cattle Breeding for …

Sheep Updates 2007 - Part 3, Andrew Ritchie, Edward Riggall, James Hall, Gus Rose, Johan Greeff, John Young, M. Alchin, M. Young, T. Johnson, John Lucy, Martin Staines, Tim Wiley, Rob Grima, Sandra Prosser, Matt Ryan, Geoff Moore, Tony Albertsen, Phil Barrett-Lennard, George Woolston, John Titerington, Sarah Knight, Brianna Peake

Sheep Updates

This session covers seven papers from different authors:

PROFITABILITY

1. Benchmarking demonstrates both the potential and realised productivity gains in the sheep and wool industry, Andrew Ritchie, Edward Riggall and James Hall, ICON Agriculture, Darkan

2. Improving sheep genetics will increase farm profitability, Gus Rose, Johan Greeff Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, John Young Farming Systems Analysis Service, WA

3. Meat, Merinos and making money in WA Pastoral Zone, M. Alchin, M. Young and T. Johnson, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia,

GRAZING

4. Nitrogen - farmers' friend or foe? John Lucy and Martin Staines, Department …

U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map The Foot Of The Slope And 2500-M Isobath Of The Florida Escarpment And Sigsbee Escarpment, Northern Gulf Of Mexico Continental Marg. Cruise Report, James V. Gardner

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

U.S. Law of the Sea cruise to map the foot of the slope and 2500-m isobath of the Florida Escarpment and Sigsbee Escarpment, northern Gulf of Mexico continental margin

CRUISE NR07-1

Mobile, AL to Mobile, AL

June 21, 2007 to July 8, 2007

Sger: Is Bolling Warming Recorded By The Southeastern Margin Of The Laurentide Ice Sheet?, Harold W. Borns Jr., Brenda Hall

University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports

This award, under the auspices of the Small Grants for Exploratory Research (SGER) program, uses funds to increase the chronologic control for the southeastern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). Ultimately, the researchers want to explore whether they are able to document the response of the ice sheet to major shifts in atmospheric temperature and assess the ability of the ice sheet to produce large volumes of meltwater.

The effect of prominent climate events, such as the Bolling warming (13,000 radiocarbon years before present), on the dynamics of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) remains unknown and yet has important …

Hydrilla Verticillata - An Aquatic Invader!, Vanessa Howard

Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations

Brochure on hydrilla

Circulation, Vol. 14, No. 1, Center For Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Brian Ward

CCPO Circulation

Summer 2007 issue of CCPO Circulation featuring article "Air-Sea Measurements in the Indian Ocean" by Dr. Brian Ward

First Observations On The Re-Established Southeast Florida Recreational Swordfish Tournament Fishery, Juan C. Levesquee, David W. Kerstetter

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Recreational tournaments for swordfish (Xiphias gladius) existed in the Florida Straits between 1977 and 1983 before disappearing due to low catch rates and an overexploitation of the stock. The first recent swordfish tournament occurred in 2001 off southeast Florida with 13 participating vessels. In 2002, three swordfish tournaments were observed and anglers were interviewed to determine catch and gear characteristics of the re-established recreational fishery. A total of 156 vessels participated in these three tournaments, catching 112 swordfish and hooking an additional 48 animals. The combination of the recovery of the North Atlantic swordfish stock and the continuation …

Droughtscape- Summer 2007, The National Drought Mitigation Center

Droughtscape, Quarterly Newsletter of NDMC, 2007-

Summer 07 Outlook

Hayes Named Director of NDMC

NDMC & UN Plan for Drought

Book Review: The Worst Hard Time

Drought Tools Workshops Underway

U.S. Drought Monitor Forum October 10-11, 2007 Portland, Oregon

O(1s), Oh, And O2(B) Airglow Layer Perturbations Due To Agws And Their Implied Effects On The Atmosphere, Fabio Vargas, Gary Swenson, Alan Liu, Delano Gobbi

Physical Sciences - Daytona Beach

The O(¹S) (green line) night airglow emission in response to atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) perturbations was simulated with a linear, one-dimensional model. The results were combined with previously modeled O₂(b, 0–1) atmospheric band and OH Meinel band emission response (Liu and Swenson, 2003) to derive amplitude and phase relations among multiple airglow layers in response to gravity waves with various intrinsic parameters and damping rates (β). The simulations show that the vertical profile of the standard deviation of the perturbed green line volume emission rate (VER) has a centroid altitude that is 3 km …

Climate. Stern Review: The Economics Of Climate Change, Nicholas Stern

New England Journal of Public Policy

This chapter examines the increasingly serious impacts on people as the world warms. Climate change is a serious and urgent issue. The Earth has already warmed by 0.7°C since around 1900 and is committed to further warming over coming decades simply due to past emissions. On current trends, average global temperatures could rise by 2–3°C within the next fifty years or so, with several degrees more in the pipeline by the end of the century if emissions continue to grow. This chapter examines how the physical changes in climate . . . affect the essential components of lives and livelihoods …

Climate. A Period Of Consequence: Environmental Literature Of 2006, Shaun O'Connell

New England Journal of Public Policy

The author talks about the consequences of not respecting the climate and understanding global warming will cause ecocide and our own extinction.

Climate. Scrubbing The Sky: Climate Change And The Productive Center, Marcy Murninghan

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article sketches out the efforts of government, business, and civil society to address the problem of climate change. It identifies some of the key initiatives underway — including proposals for more stringent caps on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; the creation of a market-based trading system that provides incentives and profits for entities that reduce their GHG emission levels; more robust research and development of alternative energy sources as well as new approaches to traditional ones; and continued public education — and portrays the bipartisan, collaborative, multilateral nature of saving Mother Nature. While acknowledging that ultimately these efforts may be …

Future Impacts Of Fresh Water Resource Management: Sensitivity Of Coastal Deltas, Charles J. Vorosmarty, Jason P. Ericson, S Lawrence Dingman, Larry G. Ward

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

We present an assessment of contemporary and future effective sealevel rise (ESLR) using a sample of 40 deltas distributed worldwide. For any delta, ESLR is a net rate defined by eustatic sea-level rise, natural gross rates of fluvial sediment deposition and subsidence, and accelerated subsidence due to groundwater and hydrocarbon extraction. Present-day ESLR, estimated from geospatial data and a simple model of deltaic dynamics, ranges from 0.5 to 12.5 mm year-1. Reduced accretion of fluvial sediment from upstream siltation of reservoirs and freshwater consumptive irrigation losses are primary determinants of ESLR in nearly 70% of the deltas, while for only …

Exploiting Full-Waveform Lidar Data And Multiresolution Wavelet Analysis For Vertical Object Detection And Recognition, Christopher Parrish

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A current challenge in performing airport obstruction surveys using airborne lidar is lack of reliable, automated methods for extracting and attributing vertical objects from the lidar data. This paper presents a new approach to solving this problem, taking advantage of the additional data provided byfull-waveform systems. The procedure entails first deconvolving and georeferencing the lidar waveformdata to create dense, detailed point clouds in which the vertical structure of objects, such as trees, towers, and buildings, is well characterized. The point clouds are then voxelized to produce high-resolution volumes of lidar intensity values, and a 3D wavelet decomposition is computed. Verticalobject …

Annual And Interannual Variability In The Wind Field And The Hydrography Along The Seward Line In The Northern Gulf Of Alaska, Isaac Schroeder

OES Theses and Dissertations

The Northeast Pacific GLOBEC (GLOBal ocean Ecosystems dynamics) program (October 1997 to December 2004) collected hydrographic data along the Seward Line that stretches from the inner shelf (GAM 59.8°N, 149.5°W) and extends over 200 km beyond the continental slope (GAK13 58.1°N, 147.8°W). The complexity of the interannual hydrographic variability in this area stems from the interacting influences of local forcing such as winds, coastal freshwater discharge, eddies, fronts and remote forcing like El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Until now, the influence of winds on the system has been calculated using coarse resolution upwelling index data or spatially sparse buoy data. The coarse …

Mixed Layer Dynamics Along The Seward Line In The Northern Gulf Of Alaska, Nandita Sarkar

OES Theses and Dissertations

The northern Gulf of Alaska marine ecosystem is very productive with a "nutrient paradox". Primary producers require light and nutrients for photosynthesis. A primary source of nutrients is the deep ocean, while light is available in a relatively shallow layer in the upper ocean. In most productive parts of the world oceans, nutrients are brought to surface waters by upwelling. However, in the northern Gulf of Alaska, the winds are generally downwelling inducing and the mechanism(s) by which nutrients are brought to the euphotic zone are not known. One mechanism that might bring nutrients into the euphotic zone is the …

A Global Mhd Simulation Of An Event With A Quasi-Steady Northward Imf Component, V G. Merkin, J G. Lyon, B J. Anderson, H Korth, C C. Goodrich, K Papadopoulos

Dartmouth Scholarship

We show results of the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global MHD simulations of an event previously ex- amined using Iridium spacecraft observations as well as DMSP and IMAGE FUV data. The event is chosen for the steady northward IMF sustained over a three-hour pe- riod during 16 July 2000. The Iridium observations showed very weak or absent Region 2 currents in the ionosphere, which makes the event favorable for global MHD model- ing. Here we are interested in examining the model’s per- formace during weak magnetospheric forcing, in particular, its ability to reproduce gross signatures of the ionospheric currents and convection pattern …

Summertime Influence Of Asian Pollution In The Free Troposphere Over North America, Q Liang, L Jaegle, R C. Hudman, S Turquety, D J. Jacob, Melody A. Avery, E V. Browell, G W. Sachse, D R. Blake, William H. Brune, Xinrong Ren, Ronald C. Cohen, Jack E. Dibb, A Fried, H Fuelberg, M Porter, B J. Heikes, Greg Huey, H B. Singh, Paul Wennberg

Earth Sciences

We analyze aircraft observations obtained during INTEX-A (1 July to 14 August 2004) to examine the summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. By applying correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to the observations between 6 and 12 km, we find dominant influences from recent convection and lightning (13% of observations), Asia (7%), the lower stratosphere (7%), and boreal forest fires (2%), with the remaining 71% assigned to background. Asian air masses are marked by high levels of CO, O3, HCN, PAN, C2H2, C6H6, methanol, and SO4 2 –. The partitioning of NOy species …

Collaborative Proposal: Form And Function Of Phytoplankton In Unsteady, Low Reynolds-Number Flows, Peter Jumars, Lee Karp-Boss

University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports

Small-scale flow dynamics at low Reynolds numbers (Re) are important to phytoplankton cells in delivery of nutrients, sensory detection by and physical encounter with herbivores, accumulation of bacterial populations in the "phycosphere" or region immediately surrounding phytoplankton cells and coagulation of cells themselves as a mechanism terminating blooms. In nature most phytoplankton experience unsteady flows, i.e., velocities near the cells that vary with time due to the intermittency of turbulence and to discontinuous, spatially distributed pumping by herbivores. This unsteadiness has not previously been taken into account in models or measurements with plankton. Moreover, there have been decade- and century- …

Chemical Data Assimilation Estimates Of Continental U.S. Ozone And Nitrogen Budgets During The Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America, R B. Pierce, T Schaack, J Al-Saadi, T D. Fairlie, Chieko Kittaka, Gretchen Lingenfelser, M Natarajan, J R. Olson, Amber Soja, Tom Zapotocny, A Lenzen, M A. Avery, James Stobie, Donald Johnson, Melody A. Avery, G W. Sachse, A M. Thompson, Ronald C. Cohen, Jack E. Dibb, J Crawford, Didier Rault, Randall Martin, Jim Szykman, Jack Fishman

Earth Sciences

Global ozone analyses, based on assimilation of stratospheric profile and ozone column measurements, and NOy predictions from the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) are used to estimate the ozone and NOy budget over the continental United States during the July-August 2004 Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America (INTEX-A). Comparison with aircraft, satellite, surface, and ozonesonde measurements collected during INTEX-A show that RAQMS captures the main features of the global and continental U.S. distribution of tropospheric ozone, carbon monoxide, and NOy with reasonable fidelity. Assimilation of stratospheric profile and column ozone measurements is shown to have a positive impact on the …

Improving Regional Ozone Modeling Through Systematic Evaluation Of Errors Using The Aircraft Observations During The International Consortium For Atmospheric Research On Transport And Transformation, M Mena-Carrasco, Youhua Tang, Gregory R. Carmichael, Tianfeng Chai, Narisara Thongbongchoo, J Elliott Campbell, S Kulkarni, Larry Horowitz, Jeffrey Vukovich, Melody A. Avery, William H. Brune, Jack E. Dibb, L K. Emmons, F Flocke, Glen Sachse, David Tan, R E. Shetter, R. Talbot, David G. Streets, D R. Blake

Earth Sciences

During the operational phase of the ICARTT field experiment in 2004, the regional air quality model STEM showed a strong positive surface bias and a negative upper troposphere bias (compared to observed DC-8 and WP-3 observations) with respect to ozone. After updating emissions from NEI 1999 to NEI 2001 (with a 2004 large point sources inventory update), and modifying boundary conditions, low-level model bias decreases from 11.21 to 1.45 ppbv for the NASA DC-8 observations and from 8.26 to −0.34 for the NOAA WP-3. Improvements in boundary conditions provided by global models decrease the upper troposphere negative ozone bias, while …

Reactive Nitrogen Distribution And Partitioning In The North American Troposphere And Lowermost Stratosphere, H B. Singh, L Salas, D Herlth, R Koyler, M A. Avery, J H. Crawford, R B. Pierce, Glen Sachse, D R. Blake, Ronald C. Cohen, T H. Bertram, A E. Perring, Paul J. Wooldridge, Jack E. Dibb, L Gregory Huey, R C. Hudman, S Turquety, L K. Emmons, F Flocke, Youhua Tang, Gregory R. Carmichael, Larry Horowitz

Earth Sciences

A comprehensive group of reactive nitrogen species (NO, NO₂, HNO₃, HO₂NO₂, PANs, alkyl nitrates, and aerosol-NO₃⁻) were measured over North America during July/August 2004 from the NASA DC-8 platform (0.1–12 km). Nitrogen containing tracers of biomass combustion (HCN and CH₃CN) were also measured along with a host of other gaseous (CO, VOC, OVOC, halocarbon) and aerosol tracers. Clean background air as well as air with influences from biogenic emissions, anthropogenic pollution, biomass combustion, convection, lightning, and the stratosphere was sampled over the continental United States, the Atlantic, …

Surface And Lightning Sources Of Nitrogen Oxides Over The United States: Magnitudes, Chemical Evolution, And Outflow, R C. Hudman, D J. Jacob, S Turquety, Eric M. Leibensperger, L T. Murray, S Wu, A B. Gilliland, M A. Avery, T H. Bertram, William H. Brune, Ronald C. Cohen, Jack E. Dibb, F Flocke, A Fried, J S. Holloway, J A. Neuman, R Orville, A E. Perring, Xinrong Ren, G W. Sachse, H B. Singh, Aaron L. Swanson, Paul J. Wooldridge

Earth Sciences

We use observations from two aircraft during the ICARTT campaign over the eastern United States and North Atlantic during summer 2004, interpreted with a global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem) to test current understanding of regional sources, chemical evolution, and export of NOx. The boundary layer NOx data provide top-down verification of a 50% decrease in power plant and industry NOx emissions over the eastern United States between 1999 and 2004. Observed NOx concentrations at 8–12 km altitude were 0.55 ± 0.36 ppbv, much larger than in previous U.S. aircraft campaigns (ELCHEM, SUCCESS, SONEX) though consistent with data from …

Biomass Burning And Pollution Aerosol Over North America: Organic Components And Their Influence On Spectral Optical Properties And Humidification Response, A D. Clarke, Cameron Mcnaughton, V Kapustin, Yohei Shinozuka, S G. Howell, Jack E. Dibb, J Zhou, B Anderson, V Brekhovskikh, H Turner, M Pinkerton

Earth Sciences

Thermal analysis of aerosol size distributions provided size resolved volatility up to temperatures of 400°C during extensive flights over North America (NA) for the INTEX/ICARTT experiment in summer 2004. Biomass burning and pollution plumes identified from trace gas measurements were evaluated for their aerosol physiochemical and optical signatures. Measurements of soluble ionic mass and refractory black carbon (BC) mass, inferred from light absorption, were combined with volatility to identify organic carbon at 400°C (VolatileOC) and the residual or refractory organic carbon, RefractoryOC. This approach characterized distinct constituent mass fractions present in biomass burning and pollution plumes every 5–10 min. Biomass …

Stout, Alice Virginia, 1908-1983 (Sc 1495), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scans (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 1495. Journal kept by Stout describing the 1937 Ohio River flood in Louisville, Kentucky. Also includes some telegrams sent to her family in Bowling Green, Kentucky during the same period; photographs of the flood; and clippings about the family and the Cortlandt Hotel, where Stout resided during the flood.

Analysis Of Time-Series Modis 250 M Vegetation Index Data For Crop Classification In The U.S. Central Great Plains, Brian D. Wardlow, Stephen L. Egbert, Jude H. Kastens

Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

The global environmental change research community requires improved and up-to-date land use/land cover (LULC) datasets at regional to global scales to support a variety of science and policy applications. Considerable strides have been made to improve large-area LULC datasets, but little emphasis has been placed on thematically detailed crop mapping, despite the considerable influence of management activities in the cropland sector on various environmental processes and the economy. Time-series MODIS 250 m Vegetation Index (VI) datasets hold considerable promise for largearea crop mapping in an agriculturally intensive region such as the U.S. Central Great Plains, given their global coverage, intermediate …

The Freak Wave Mystery ??A New Hypothesis For Its Occurrence, Nai-Kuang Liang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Freak waves are known as a maritime myth, which have damaged large cargo and cruise ships. So far freak waves are explained by strong current focusing and nonlinear wave interaction. The latter may results in a single large wave. However this can still not explain the disappearance of the cargo ship Muenchen in December, 1978. This paper proposes a new hypothesis which stems from the wave/ swell energy flux accumulation due to the moving wind system. Nature might play the game by controlling the moving speed to approach the wave/swell group velocity.