Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Survival Of Trout Strains As Affected By Limnological Parameters, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Prior work at East Canyon Reservoir, Utah indicated that adult trout are important predators of stocked juvenile rainbow trout. Brown trout, in particular, were exclusively piscivorous when th~y exceeded 185 mm standard length. Fish became increasingly important in the diet of cutthroat trout greater than 330 mm. The purpose of this study was to further document the effect of adult trout on survival of juvenile rainbow trout in mid-elevation reservoirs. Causey Reservoir was chosen because it was thought to contain large brown and cutthroat trout and had not been intensively studied during the last eight years.

Sulfide In Surface Waters Of The Western Atlantic Ocean, Gregory A. Cutter, Christian F. Krahforst

OES Faculty Publications

Using newly developed techniques, some preliminary data on hydrogen sulfide in surface waters of the western Atlantic have been obtained. Concentrations of total sulfide range from <0.1 to 1.1 nmol/L, and vary on a diel basis. At these concentrations, sulfide may affect the cycling of several trace metals via the formation of stable complexes. Production of sulfide in oxygenated seawater may occur through the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide or by sulfate reduction within macroscopic particles in the water column. Removal mechanisms can include oxidation, complexation with particulate trace metals, and metal sulfide precipitation. However, the temporal and spatial distributions suggest a complex set of processes governing the behavior of sulfide in the surface ocean.

Dynamics Of Intermediate-Size Stream Outlets, Northern Oregon Coast, Ellen Eberhardt

Dissertations and Theses

This study measured and evaluated the relation of coastal foredune morphology to stream beach outlets, and investigated the processes associated with the stream outlet. Intermediate-size streams were studied, and defined as those that flow across the beach most of the year but have no tidal influence. Fifty-four of these streams were found along the northern Oregon coast between the Columbia River and Yaquina Bay. Crescent Lake Outlet, Saltair Creek and Daley Lake Outlet were chosen as study streams for further investigation.

Modifications And Improvements To The Sea Beam System On Board R/V Thomas Washington, Christian De Moustier, T Hylas, J C. Phillips

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A number of modifications to the narrowbeam echo-sounder and echo processor of the Sea Beammultibeam bathymetric survey system have been implemented. These include the design and construction of a digital pitch compensator, the ability to use a variety of sensors for vertical reference, the design and construction of hardware test equipment, and an interface to the shipboard DEC VAX-11/730 computer for data logging, automation of start-up procedures, and performance monitoring

Optimization Of The Tungstic Acid Denuder Technique For The Measurement Of Atmospheric Ammonia, Patricia Diane Roberts

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Measurement of - atmospheric ammonia with the tungstic acid denuder technique is discussed. Characterization of denuder tubes for manual sampling in terms of, repeatability, reliability and the development of ammonia blank signals was determined. Field testing of the manual sampling apparatus was performed at ground test sites and in a biomass burn smoke plume. Ammonia emissions from biomass burning are discussed.

Cross-Shoreface Suspended Sediment Transport : A Response To The Interaction Of Nearshore And Shelf Processes, Fall 1994 Duck, Nc Field Experiment, D. A. Hepworth, Carl T. Friedrichs, John Brubaker

Reports

Deployment : The tripods were assembled, tested and secured onboard the RIV Sea Diver, which left the Little Creek Amphibious Base in Norfolk, Virginia early on 26 September. While underway to the deployment site, the continuous surface water conductivity and temperature survey was run and several CTD casts were made. The tripods were deployed on 26 September and secured to the sea floor with sand anchors by VIMS divers. The R/V Sea Diver then began the series of on/off shore transects at the tripod deployment site for approximately 12 hours. The vessel returned to port on 27 September .

Recovery: …

Survival And Reproduction Of The Freshwater Grass Shrimp Palaemonetes Paludosus (Gibbes 1850) (Decapoda:Palaemonidae), In Saline Water, Brian Thomas Lowe

OES Theses and Dissertations

To determine the effects of salinity on adult and larval survival, egg deposition, egg hatching and metamorphosis, shrimp were held in the laboratory and exposed to treatment salinities ranging from O to 35 ppt. Tests on adult survival indicate a 96 hour LC-50 between 30 and 35 ppt. Longer term tests on adult survival showed high mortality in salinities greater than 15 ppt. Shrimp became ovigerous in salinities of O - 20 ppt with egg hatching and metamorphosis limited to O - 5 ppt. Starved- larvae hatched from field captured ovigerous females in O ppt were able to metamorphose in …

Nutrient Cycling In Bordenstake Bay Sediments: A Backbarrier Lagoon, Mark J. Herrenkohl

OES Theses and Dissertations

Six sets of sediment cores were collected over a one year period (June 1986 to July 1987) to examine nutrient cycling in Bordenstake Bay, a back barrier lagoon on Virginia's Eastern Shore Peninsula. The sampling times were chosen to examine any seasonal effects (e.g., temperature changes) which may affect the rates of metabolism in these sediments.

The sedimentation rate in Bordenstake Bay is 0.76 ± 0.21 cm/yr, leading to the annual deposition of 7. 05 moles of carbon, 0.46 moles of nitrogen, and 0.15 moles of phosphorus, per square meter of the sediment surface. The remineralization of organic matter in …

Distribution Of Suspended Particulate Matter, Patuxent River Estuary, Maryland, Christopher W. Frye

OES Theses and Dissertations

Physical processes which may affect estuarine circulation in a coastal plain estuary were monitored to determine their relative importance on temporal and spatial variability of the concentration, composition, and particle-size of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Patuxent River estuary, MD, during 1985-86. Discharge rates from Patuxent River determined the character of fresh and estuarine water mixing, and magnitude of SPM concentration in the upper estuary. The mixing zone between fresh and estuarine water, defined as 0 - 1.5 °‰, and turbidity maximum were geographically separated during most of the study period. This suggests that two-layer circulation may be less important …

An Analysis Of The Academic Fleet Insurance Program, Emma Rose Dieter

Theses and Major Papers

The academic research fleet is experiencing an increase in the cost of operations. Some members of the fleet are feeling a dramatic rise in operational costs in the area of marine insurance and a decrease in the availability of insurance. The academic fleet is referred to as the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) fleet. It is composed of 25 ships which are operated by 18 institutions. The vessels are owned outright or operated under a charter party agreement from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The National Science Foundation and ONR are also the …

Virtually Interactive Large-Scale Model For Arkansas: User's Guide (Vilma), Rosalinda R. A. Cantiller, Richard C. Peralta

Technical Reports

This user’s guide supports the use of VILMA (Virtually Interactive Large-scale Model for Arkansas). This document presents the basic concepts in Chapter I. Chapter II discusses the execution steps that the user follows during a VILMA session. Chapter III provides a detailed illustration of example data files. Chapter IV presents two example VILMA sessions. Finally, Chapter V elaborates on additional concepts. The Appendices consist of relevant program listings, instructions, and example files. In this user’s guide, the word "interactive" means the user enters his responses to the prompts that appear on a computer terminal while he is logged on to …

Sediment Nutrient Flux Data From A Seasonal Simulation Of Water Chemistry In Gunston Cove, Va, B. E. Baker, C. F. Cerco

Reports

No abstract provided.

State Of The Art In Swath Bathymetry Survey Systems, Christian De Moustier

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

In the last decade, advances in real-time computing and data storage capabilities have led to significant improvements in bathymetric survey systems and the single point echo-sounder has now been replaced by a variety of highresolution swath mapping sounding systems. This paper reviews the state of the art in the non-military swath bathymetry mapping systems. Such systems are typically multi narrow beam echo-sounders or interferometric side-looking sonars with swath width capabilities ranging from 0.75 to 7 times the water depth. The paper compares the design characteristics and the echo processing methods used in a number of these systems manufactured in Japan, …

Economic Considerations For Artificial Reef Development In Coastal Virginia, Dean Thomas Devereaux

OES Theses and Dissertations

The contingent valuation method, recommended by the U. S. Water Resources Council, was used to estimate the economic value of sport fishing and diving at the Chesapeake Light Tower Artificial Reef. The study is based on a random sample of 170 anglers and 33 divers who participated in telephone, personell and mail-in surveys in 1985 and 1986.

The average user value (consumer surplus) was $21.13, $110,75, and $13.30 for head boat anglers, private boat anglers and sport divers, respectively, who claimed to have used the reef in 1985. Variation in consumer surplus was statistically affected by trip expense, distance from …

Using The Bat: A Six Dimensional Mouse For Object Placement, Colin Ware, Danny R. Jessome

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Placement in space is inherently six dimensional. An object can be translated in x, y and z cartesian coordinates, and it can be rotated about three axes to change its orientation. A six dimensional sensor I\I(/S conj/gured as a one button six dimensional mouse (which we call a bat) and interfaced with an IRIS workstation thus creating an environment for investigating the problems of object placement. A sojiware workbench was built which allows the manipulation of hierarchical scenes displayed on a monitor. The features of the workbench are described together with experiences using the bat in a variety of interaction …

Qualitative And Quantitative Aquatic Algal Data Compilation To Determine Macrotrends - Iv, Richard L. Meyer

Technical Reports

A data base of the algae of Arkansas ecoregions has been estabblished by the use of a relational data base management system (dBase III plus). The system was chosen to be readily available for a variety of microcomputers using MS- and PC-DOS. The data base contains taxonomic fields from division through variety, synonymy, authors, initial description, date, and definitive descriptive source. The data are cross-referenced by ecoregion, Round's community and subcommunity designations. The data base contains greater than 1,500 taxonomic records in all divisions and classes of freshwater algae. The data are sortable by any of the included parameters. The …

Development Of A Combined Quantity And Quality Model For Optimal Management Of Unsteady Groundwater Flow Fields, R. C. Peralta, J. Solaimanian, C. L. Griffis

Technical Reports

Presented are alternative techniques for including conservative solute transport within computer models for optimizing groundwater extraction rates. Unsteady two-dimensional flow and dispersed conservative solute transport are assumed. Comparisons are made of the practicality of including modified forms of implicit and explicit finite difference solute transport equations within optimization models. These equations can be calibrated and subsequently used within a MODCON procedure. The MODCON modelling procedure consists of an integrated series of five optimization or simulation modules. The procedure is applicable for either an entire aquifer system or for a subsystem of a larger system. The first module, A, computes physically …

Long-Term Reconstruction And Analysis Of White River Streamflow, M. K. Cleaveland, D. W. Stahle, J. G. Hehr

Technical Reports

A 281-year reconstruction of White River annual runoff at Clarendon, Arkansas, was developed from a regional average of nine Oklahoma, Missouri, and Arkansas tree-ring chronologies (six post oak, Quercus stellata, and three baldcypress, Taxodium distichum). Inhomogeneity of the gaged series was detected with both double mass analysis (using state average total annual Arkansas precipitation) and regression (using the regional tree-ring average). Simple regression calibrated the homogeneous runoff data with the average ring width data from 1930 to 1980. Comparing the reconstruction with independent data verified the regression model. Variance of the reconstruction increases significantly during the 20th century, a change …

Characterization Of The Aquatic Environment In Lake Mead Near The Proposed Spring Canyon Pumped-Storage Project, And Assessment Of Potential Aquatic Impacts, Charles R. Liston, Stephen J. Grabowski, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

A pumped storage system consists of an upper reservoir and lower reservoir separated by an elevation difference. During low demand energy periods such as nights and weekends water is pumped from the lower to the upper reservoir using available energy from conventional steam electric power plants. During high energy demand periods, such as mornings and afternoons of weekdays, upper reservoir water is allowed to drop back down through the same system of water conduits and turbines, generating electricity to conveniently meet abrupt electrical energy requirements. The same water turbines thus act both as pumps and as conventional hydroelectric turbines.

Because …

Callianassa Trilobata (Crustacea: Thalassinidea) Influences Abundance Of Meiofauna And Biomass, Composition, And Physiologic State Of Microbial Communities Within Its Burrow, Fred C. Dobbs, James B. Guckert

OES Faculty Publications

Biochemical and traditional methods were used to determine the influence of Callianassa trilobata on microbiological and meiofaunal communities within its large, highly consolidated burrow. Sediment was collected from the lining of the shrimp's burrow, the burrow matrix, and ambient, subsurface sediment. The lining and matrix were composed of poorly sorted, fine-grained material compared to sandy ambient sediment. Meiofauna, predominantly nematodes, were most abundant in ambient sediment, not in the burrow as has been found for other species of macrofauna. Concentrations of chlorophyll a were very high in the lining, consistent with the suggestion that C. trilobata lines its burrow walls …

Estimating Potential Ground And Surface Water Pollution From Land Application Of Poultry Litter - Ii, D. C. Wolf, J. T. Gilmour, P. M. Gale

Technical Reports

In Arkansas, approximately 1 Tg of poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) manure and litter is produced annually. These waste products are commonly applied to pastures as a soil amendment or fertilizer, but excessive application rates and poor management practices could result in nutrient contamination of ground and surface water. The purpose of this study was to: (1) assess the nutrient concentrations in poultry manure and (2) evaluate the nitrogen loss from land-applied poultry litter and manure due to ammonia volatilization and denitrification. Analyses for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), inorganic nitrogen (Ni), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were compared in 12 wet …

Microbial Food Resources Of The Macrofaunal-Deposit Feeder Ptychodera Bahamensis (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta), Fred C. Dobbs, James B. Guckert

OES Faculty Publications

Biochemical and traditional analyses were used to characterize the microbial food resources and digestive efficiency of Ptychodera bahamensis, an enteropneust hemichordate. Sediment was collected from freshly extruded fecal casts and adjacent feeding depressions. There were no significant differences between casts and depressions in median grain size, percent silt-clay, density of total meiofauna and of nematodes, and concentrations of chlorophyll a and phaeophytin. Nematodes in casts had a median diameter greater than those in depressions. Measures of total, viable microbial biomass were 30% (total phospholipid, ester-linked fatty acids) and 49% (extractible phospholipid phosphate) lower in casts. Concentrations of 33 fatty …

Problems And Opportunities For The Republic Of China In Regard To Distant Water Tuna Fisheries, Chih-I Sha

Theses and Major Papers

The extension of fishery jurisdiction out to 200 miles from the baselines used to measure the territorial sea by most of the coastal states was the dominant event in global fisheries during the decade of the 1970s. In principle, under extended jurisdiction, the coastal states have the authority to eliminate economic waste and to reduce excessive fishing pressure; on the other hand, the distant water fishing states will have to curtail their fishing activities from the traditional fishing grounds off the coastal states. The Republic of China is a typical distant water fishing state, and is seriously impacted by the …

Relocation Movement In A Stalked Crinoid (Echinodermata), Charles G. Messing, M. Christine Rosesmyth, Stuart R. Mailer, John E. Miller

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Eddy Viscosity And Thermal Conduction And Coriolis Force In The Dynamics Of Gravity Wave Driven Fluctuations In The Oh Nightglow, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D.

Publications

Recently, Walterscheid et al. (1987) have described a dynamical-chemical model of wave-driven fluctuations in the OH nightglow which incorporated a five-reaction photochemical scheme and the dynamics of linearized acoustic-gravity waves in an isothermal, motionless atmosphere. The intensity oscillation (δI) about the time-averaged intensity (I0) and the temperature oscillation (δT) about the time-averaged temperature (T0) were related by means of the complex ratio η ≡ (δI/I0)/(δT/T0). One of the main conclusions of their work was that the inclusion of dynamical effects is absolutely essential for …

Wavelength Dependence Of Eddy Dissipation And Coriolis Force In The Dynamics Of Gravity Wave Driven Fluctuations In The Oh Nightglow, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D.

Publications

The theory of Walterscheid et al. (1987) to explain internal gravity wave induced oscillations in the emission intensity I and rotational temperature T of the OH nightglow was modified by Hickey (1988) to include the effects of eddy dissipation and Coriolis force. In the theory of Walterscheid et al. (1987) the ratio η = (δI/I0)/(δT/T0) (δ refers to a perturbation quantity, and a zero subscript refers to an average) was found to be independent of horizontal wavelength at long periods, while in the extended theory of Hickey (1988) some such dependence was …

Environmental Assessment Of Las Vegas Wash And Lake Mead Artificial Wetlands Demonstration Project, John R. Baker, R. M. Gersberg, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Publications (WR)

The effective use of artificial wetlands for treatment of municipal wastewater is well documented; however, design and economic data for artificial wetlands development are limited (Gersberg et al., 1984a). This is due partly to regional differences in climate, soils, and vegetation and partly to the desired waste treatment. As a result, specific treatment levels and cost benefits relative to the use of an artificial wetlands for a particular site cannot be evaluated adequately without a pilot demonstration project. Las Vegas Wash receives sewage effluent from the Las Vegas metropolitan area and has been designated as a wetlands community park. Las …

Geologic And Tectonic Setting Of The Mark Area, R. S. Detrick, P. J. Fox, N. Schulz, R. Pockalny, L. Kong, Larry A. Mayer, W.B. F. Ryan

Affiliate Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Ice-Core Records And Ozone Depletion—Potential For A Proxy Ozone Record, Paul Andrew Mayewski, Mary Jo Spencer, William Berry Lyons, Mark S. Twickler, J. Dibb

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Time-series of the ionic composition in polar ice cores can provide detailed direct and proxy records of seasonal to Millenial scale fluctuations in climate, atmospheric chemistry, and volcanic activity. Even though problems of species-source links and air/snow fractionation have not all been entirely resolved,the fact remains that ice cores currently hold the best hope of retrieving detailed paleo-atmospheric records. While direct links between the chemistry in ice cores and the ozone depletion phenomenon cannot be guaranteed, ice-core records provide the only means by which signals related to the ozone cycle can be produced for pre-measurement periods or for unmonitored sites. …

Ice Cores And Global Change, Paul Andrew Mayewski

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

For scientists interested in global change problems, ice core records provide a unique and invaluable medium for studying the past. These records yield both direct and proxy links to the paleoenvironment over periods potentially as long as hundreds of thousands of years with resolution down to seasonal scale for time-series on the order of hundreds to thousands of years. In addition, the fact that most ice core records are retrieved from locations rarely, if ever, occupied by observers, adds to the value of these data sets.

In response to the growing importance of such records, the National Science Foundation's Division …