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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Role Of Drought In Determining The Reserve Water Sector In Israel, J. A. Allan
The Role Of Drought In Determining The Reserve Water Sector In Israel, J. A. Allan
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Drought is a compelling environmental phenomenon. Drought is also an extremely important feature of the political economies of dry regions. This study will emphasize the political significance of drought. Droughts, and especially protracted drought, send much stronger signals about water availability to a much more comprehensively diverse range of water interests than any other single political factor or any combination of factors operating in a political economy. Drought affects water users as well as those involved at all levels in water allocation, water legislation, and water policy development and implementation. Natural systems decree that water shortages have to be endured. …
Five-Year Drought Continues In Spain, Antonio Mestre Barcelo
Five-Year Drought Continues In Spain, Antonio Mestre Barcelo
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Spain is now facing its fifth consecutive year of severe drought. This event, which began in 1990, affects most of the country, with the exception of the north coast regions. The most affected regions are Andalucía, Extremadura, and Castilla–la Mancha, all of them located in the southern half of Spain. In some climatological stations of these areas, the five-year agricultural period from 1 September 1990 to 31 August 1995 is the driest quinquennium of this century. Mean percentage departures from normal rainfall exceed -20% in the southern half of the country and in some isolated areas of the Duero and …
Queensland Drought Enters Its Fifth Year, Gary Bacon
Queensland Drought Enters Its Fifth Year, Gary Bacon
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
The worst ENSO drought event to affect the state of Queensland this century has entered its fifth year. The drought, which commenced in March 1991, reached its maximum coverage in December 1993, when 51% of the state’s 1.7 million square kilometers were officially drought-declared. Currently, 41 full shires (local authority areas) and five part shires comprising more than 20,000 individual rural properties and covering 37% of the state are drought-declared.
Worsening Drought Conditions Affect Relay Cropping In Central India, J. L. Chaudhary, A. S. R. A. S. Sastri, D. Naidu, S. K. Srivastava
Worsening Drought Conditions Affect Relay Cropping In Central India, J. L. Chaudhary, A. S. R. A. S. Sastri, D. Naidu, S. K. Srivastava
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
In the Chhattisgarh region of central India (Figure 1), rice is grown on about 3.7 million ha, of which 80% is under rainfed conditions. The rice crop is grown mostly under the broadcast biasi system of cultivation (see Drought Network News, Vol. 5, No. 3 [October 1993], pp. 6–7). The rainy season is the southwest monsoon (June–September) season. Farmers grow traditional local tall varieties of rice, which flower in mid-October and mature by mid- November.
Coping With Exceptional Droughts In Australia, David H. White, Bruce O'Meagher
Coping With Exceptional Droughts In Australia, David H. White, Bruce O'Meagher
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
The objectives of Australia’s National Drought Policy (NDP), agreed to by Commonwealth (national), state, and territory ministers in 1992, are to:
• encourage primary producers and other sections of rural Australia to adopt self-reliant approaches to managing the risks stemming from climatic variability;
• maintain and protect Australia’s agricultural and environmental resource base during periods of extreme climate stress; and
• ensure early recovery of agricultural and rural industries consistent with long-term sustainable levels.
Under the NDP, Australian farmers are expected to assume greater responsibility for managing the risks arising from climatic variability. This requires integrating financial and business management …
El Niño’S Effect On Southwest Monsoon Rainfall In Andhra Pradesh, India, U. S. Victor, N. N. Srivastava, A. V. M. Subba Rao, B. V. Ramana Rao
El Niño’S Effect On Southwest Monsoon Rainfall In Andhra Pradesh, India, U. S. Victor, N. N. Srivastava, A. V. M. Subba Rao, B. V. Ramana Rao
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
India is primarily an agricultural country, despite making rapid strides in industrialization in recent decades. The Indian economy is therefore highly dependent on the behavior of the summer monsoon, also known as the southwest monsoon, which occurs during four months (June–September). This accounts for 75% of the annual rainfall over most parts of the country and also generates great demand for rainfall forecasts in different time scales. For nearly a century, Indian meteorologists have been attempting to develop suitable techniques that could be used for preparing long-range forecasts of monsoon rains over India. Walker (1923) has done pioneering work in …
Drought In The Lower Danube, Ekaterina Koleva
Drought In The Lower Danube, Ekaterina Koleva
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Bulgaria is situated on the Balkan Peninsula. Its northern frontier is the lower part of the Danube. The Balkan range, with its zonal situation, is part of a natural climatic frontier, dividing Bulgaria into two parts—north and south.
One of the main features of the climate in the Danube Plain (northern Bulgaria) is insufficient precipitation—a tendency toward dryness and frequent droughts. The annual amount of precipitation is 500–600 mm. The highest monthly values are measured in June (in some places in May), with 55–75 mm. February (in some places, March) is the driest month. Absence of precipitation can occur in …
Summer Drought Ravages Crops In Middle China, Huajie Tai
Summer Drought Ravages Crops In Middle China, Huajie Tai
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Drought affected China’s agricultural production in spring, summer, and fall 1994. The summer drought was very severe in the middle part of China, especially in Anhui and Jiansu provinces.
Rainfall Patterns For India’S Karnataka State Show Above-Normal Precipitation For 1994-98, M. B. Rajegowda, D. M. Gowda
Rainfall Patterns For India’S Karnataka State Show Above-Normal Precipitation For 1994-98, M. B. Rajegowda, D. M. Gowda
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
The Karnataka state, confined roughly within 11.5° N and 18.5° N latitude and 74° E and 78.5° E longitude, is situated on a table land at the point where the western and eastern Ghat range enclose the Nilgiri hill complex. It is enclosed by chains of mountains to its west, east, and south. The state consists mainly of plateau, with a higher elevation of 600 to 900 m amsl in small portions of the extreme north and northwest Karnataka and the whole of the southern half, an elevation of 300 to 600 m amsl in the north, and an elevation …
Drought Vulnerability Of Rainfed Crops In Semiarid Tropics In India: New Methods Of Determining Rainfall Variability, U. S. Victor, N. N. Srivastava, P. Vijay Kumar
Drought Vulnerability Of Rainfed Crops In Semiarid Tropics In India: New Methods Of Determining Rainfall Variability, U. S. Victor, N. N. Srivastava, P. Vijay Kumar
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
In dryland areas of India, rainfall is the main source of water for raising crops. For these areas, the greatest problem is not water shortage per se, but rather the tremendous variability in rainfall from year to year and season to season. In planning for the coming season, we currently have little or no ability to predict the date of the onset of rains or their amount, distribution, or duration. However, uncertainty about rainfall is lessened when information is available concerning the possible variability and frequencies of historical occurrences of rainfall. This information can be obtained by coupling water use …
Drought Profile: Haryana State In North India, K. Kailasa Nathan
Drought Profile: Haryana State In North India, K. Kailasa Nathan
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Haryana state is considered the breadbasket of India, along with the Punjab state. The effects of drought (and mitigation of those effects) are therefore of considerable importance for the state. This article considers the state’s drought “profile” through a study of six drought years in Haryana.
Haryana has a semiarid climate in the southwest and a Gangetic plain environment in the rest of the state. About 50% of the state has a moisture deficit. One of the reasons for adverse crop production in the state during June–September is the early withdrawal or late onset of monsoon rains, which contribute nearly …
Droughts Over Homogeneous Regions Of India: 1871–-1990, B. Parathasarathy, A. A. Munot, D. R. Kothawale
Droughts Over Homogeneous Regions Of India: 1871–-1990, B. Parathasarathy, A. A. Munot, D. R. Kothawale
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
The summer monsoon (June through September), or southwest seasonal rains, contribute 78% of India’s annual rainfall. It is the greatest climatic water resource of India. The country’s agriculture and food production depend on these rains. Rainfed farming areas in India account for about 70% of the total arable land in the country, with nearly 100 million ha depending on the monsoon rains. The rains also contribute to power generation and industrial production.
Hydrometeorological Considerations For Rainwater Management During Drought Years In Peninsular India, J. B. Singh, B. V. Ramana Rao, J. C. Katyal
Hydrometeorological Considerations For Rainwater Management During Drought Years In Peninsular India, J. B. Singh, B. V. Ramana Rao, J. C. Katyal
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Peninsular India is located in the tropics; its climate ranges from arid conditions in the rain shadow region (under the influence of Eastern Ghats along the east coast and Western Ghats along the west coast) to humid conditions in regions adjoining the west coast. The average annual rainfall in the region varies from about 500 mm in the interior parts to more than 3000 mm on the crest of Western Ghats. The rainy season commences during the month of June because of the onset of the southwest monsoon near the tip of peninsular India. The southwest monsoon ends during September. …
Drought In Beijing, 1992-93, Zhuang Xie, Dagang Chen
Drought In Beijing, 1992-93, Zhuang Xie, Dagang Chen
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Beijing, located in northeast China, has a semiarid monsoon climate, with summer rainfall providing about 70% of the annual precipitation. This climate is conducive to crop growth, although insufficient summer rainfall in 1992–93 caused reductions in crop yields. Normalized departures of monthly precipitation (DR/R%) are shown in Figure 1. Although some months show above-normal precipitation (for example, November 1992, with a rainfall amount [43.3 mm] 7.5 times the normal), rainfall for the 1993 growing period was marked by negative departures from normal. Of the months of the 1993 growing season, only July recorded above-normal rainfall. Precipitation departures in May, September, …
Drought And Southern Africa: A Note From The Harare Regional Drought Monitoring Centre, Leonard S. Uganai
Drought And Southern Africa: A Note From The Harare Regional Drought Monitoring Centre, Leonard S. Uganai
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Drought is a normal part of southern Africa’s climate and one of the most important natural disasters in southern Africa. In fact, it is becoming increasingly unusual for drought not to occur somewhere in southern Africa each year. The dependence of most southern African economies on rainfed agriculture emphasizes the importance of drought early warning products for short- and long-term decision making in various sectors of the national economies of the region. Following the 1991–92 drought, which ravaged more than 80% of southern Africa, many in southern Africa now realize the value of meteorological information in weather-sensitive decisions. Requests for …
Economic Impacts Emphasize Need For Greater Drought Planning And Management In El Salvador, Lidia Castillo
Economic Impacts Emphasize Need For Greater Drought Planning And Management In El Salvador, Lidia Castillo
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
In terms of drought management and preparedness, El Salvador is one of the most underdeveloped countries. Although the direct and indirect effects of drought are often costly for the country, no official drought policy exists. One of the most important direct effects of drought is the loss of high percentages of basic grains (beans, corn, rice, and a type of sorghum called maicillo); these grains (except for maicillo) form the basic diet. Among the indirect effects of drought is the reduction of national production as an effect of electric power rationing due to drought and sabotage of the national electric …
Drought Monitoring And Advisory Services In South Africa, M. V. Laing
Drought Monitoring And Advisory Services In South Africa, M. V. Laing
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
The normal total rainfall for the summer rainfall areas in South Africa is 664 mm. Since 1963, the country has recorded 16 seasons below normal and 14 above normal. Since the 1982–83 season, 7 seasons have been below normal and 4 have been above normal. Of these last 11 years, two rainy seasons recorded less than 75% of normal rainfall, which is a coarse estimation of severe drought. These seasons were 1982–83, when an average total of only 408 mm was measured, and 1992–93, when the average total was 484 mm. Although 1991–92 has been called the worst drought this …
Drought Classifications And Crop Plans Developed For Tamilnadu, R. Kulandaivelu, K. Jayachandran
Drought Classifications And Crop Plans Developed For Tamilnadu, R. Kulandaivelu, K. Jayachandran
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Drought is defined as inadequate soil moisture to support crop growth and normal yield. The degree of drought for a given location depends on the crop, rainfall and its distribution, soil type, and various management practices. Drought occurs frequently in Tamilnadu—some part of the state experiences drought every year.
The state of Tamilnadu is located in the southernmost tip of peninsular India. It lies between 8°5" and 13°35" latitude north and 76°15" and 80°20" longitude east, covering an area of 0.13 million km2 and including a long coastline (about 1,000 km). The mean annual rainfall is 945 mm, with 45 …
Persistent Drought In 1993 Affects Bulgarian Agriculture, Nikola Slavov, Vesselin Alexandrov
Persistent Drought In 1993 Affects Bulgarian Agriculture, Nikola Slavov, Vesselin Alexandrov
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
The drought of 1992 persisted through the winter of 1993 (see Drought Network News, Vol. 5, No. 2 [June 1993]:12-15). Figure 1 shows the monthly values of national rainfall in 1993 and their normal averages. National rainfall was 28% and 63%, respectively, of the mean during January and February 1993. During March, rainfall was about normal, but drought conditions persisted because of the rainfall deficit from the summer of 1992. Water supplies increased until 20 April 1993, but after this date, drought conditions returned. At the end of April, the soil moisture in the 0-20 cm layer was 10- 25 …