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Articles 241 - 269 of 269
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Movements And Behavior Of Pheasants During The Breeding Cycle As Determined By Radio-Tracking, Thomas L. Kuck
Movements And Behavior Of Pheasants During The Breeding Cycle As Determined By Radio-Tracking, Thomas L. Kuck
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Behavior and movement studies were carried out on the Rifle-Calahan Study area, Sanborn County, South Dakota, in 1965 and 1966. Objectives of the study were to evaluate radio telemetry techniques, determine the territorial area and home range of the hen and cock, study the behavior pattern of hen and cock in the harem makeup, determine the distance traveled by the hen when attracted to the harem, determine if the hen nests in the immediate area of the crowing territory, and study the behavior of the hen while nesting and caring for the brood. Twenty adult pheasants (16 hens and 4 …
Effects Of Dieldrin On Reproduction Of Penned Hen Pheasants In The Second Generation, William Lyman Baxter
Effects Of Dieldrin On Reproduction Of Penned Hen Pheasants In The Second Generation, William Lyman Baxter
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Effects of dieldrin on penned hen pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) which were the offspring of hens receiving encapsulated dieldrin the previous year were measured. Hens produced by the previous year's control group received 0, 6, 8, or 12 mg of dieldrin per week for 14 weeks. Hens from treated groups received 0 or 6 mg per week. Effects of dieldrin were evaluated by influences upon reproductive success. Mortality occurred in all groups receiving dieldrin, and appeared to be correlated with a reduction in egg production. Dieldrin lowered egg production by reducing food consumption in the 12 mg group and two groups …
Fishes Of The Big Sioux River, James A. Sinning
Fishes Of The Big Sioux River, James A. Sinning
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An understanding of the fishes and limnology of a river is essential to the effective management of the river. The climate, soils, and agricultural practices in eastern South Dakota create unusual characteristics in rivers draining that area. One of the principal rivers of the area is the Big Sioux River. Fishes of this river were first studied about 1900 by Meek and by Everman and Cox (Bailey and Allum, 1962). A later survey by Churchill and Over (1933) apparently included the Big Sioux River, but collection data were inadequate for detailed comparisons. Since that time collections of fishes were made …
The Fish Population Of Lake Poinsett, South Dakota, As Indicated By The Catch, James C. Congdon
The Fish Population Of Lake Poinsett, South Dakota, As Indicated By The Catch, James C. Congdon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Gill nets, trap nets, an otter trawl, and a boom-type electric shocker were utilized to obtain samples of the fish population of Lake Poinsett, South Dakota. The species and size composition of the samples differed significantly with time of season, time of day, location on the lake, and type of gear. Decreased activity following spawning was the apparent cause of a midsummer decline in gill net and trap net catches of black bullhead, black crappie, and white crappie. A late summer increase in the catch of yearling black bullheads, crappies, white bass, carp and bigmouth buffalo was attributed to an …
Life History And Ecology Of The Black-Footed Ferret In The Wild, Conrad N. Hillman
Life History And Ecology Of The Black-Footed Ferret In The Wild, Conrad N. Hillman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Twenty-one black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) were observed at six different locations in southwest South Dakota between April 1966, and September 1967. All observations were made on black-tailed prairie-dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns from 15 to 100 acres in size. Because of the proximity of towns inhabited by ferrets, it was possible that individual animals were observed in more than one location. Three litters of ferrets were studied. Young ferrets were most active during early morning and late evening hours. Ferrets remained as a group until early fall when dispersal evidently occurred. Young ferrets accepted live-tethered and dead prairie dogs, mice, cottontails …
Food Habits And Energy Utilization Of Badgers, Grant K. Jense
Food Habits And Energy Utilization Of Badgers, Grant K. Jense
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A study was initiated in 1966 to determine food habits and energy utilization of badgers. Digestive tracts were collected in eastern South Dakota from November 1966 to November 1967. A male and a female badger were used for two energy-balance and three digestion trials. Ground squirrels, mice and rabbits were found to be the most important mammal foods eaten. Birds and eggs were only eaten during spring and summer. Toads and grains were important fall foods. Insects were eaten throughout the year but usually only in trace amounts. However, when available, badgers ate large quantities of beetles and ground-nesting bees. …
A Survey Of Pollution On Selected Streams In The Black Hills Of South Dakota, Thomas J. Jurgens
A Survey Of Pollution On Selected Streams In The Black Hills Of South Dakota, Thomas J. Jurgens
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Seven Streams in the Black Hill of South Dakota were surveyed to determine the influence of suspected sources of pollution on these streams. The sources of pollution included both sewage treatment plant effluents and mining wastes. A comparison of the benthic fauna community below a pollution source to that above it was the primary basis for evaluating the effect of the pollution source on the stream. The results of the benthic fauna samples indicated that the streams surveyed were being polluted. The degree of pollution of each stream was also indicated by these results. Chemical analysis were sued to verify …
Effects Of Dieldrin On Reproduction Of Penned Hen Pheasants, Thomas Donald Atkins
Effects Of Dieldrin On Reproduction Of Penned Hen Pheasants, Thomas Donald Atkins
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Pen studies to determine the effects of dieldrin on reproduction of the hen pheasant were conducted for two breeding seasons, Hen pheasants were caged individually and administered encapsulated dieldrin at weekly intervals. The first season, treatment levels were 0, 2 or 4 mg of dieldrin per hen per week. Hens receiving 4 mg weighed more and laid heavier eggs than the controls. However, these differences were not attributed to the effects of dieldrin, but to the condition of the hens when first treated. Hatchability of eggs from the 2 mg group was significantly higher for an undetermined reason. Feed consumption, …
Fox-Prey Relationships In Eastern South Dakota, Robert L. Drieslein
Fox-Prey Relationships In Eastern South Dakota, Robert L. Drieslein
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Relationships between red foxes (Vulpes fulva) end their principal prey, particularly ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), were studied on four units in eastern South Dakota from December 1964 to September 1966. Each unit was composed of a 100-square-mile "reduction area," on which fox populations were reduced, and a 100-square-mile "check area," on which fox populations were not reduced for the study. Indices to populations of foxes, pheasants, mice, eastern cottontails (Svlvilagus floridanus) and whitetail jackrabbits (Lepus townsendi) were obtained and used to evaluate food habits and the effect of predator reduction on prey populations. Four-hundred seventeen stomachs and 104 female reproductive …
Movement Of Forage Fishes In A South Dakota Stream, Thomas P. Felix
Movement Of Forage Fishes In A South Dakota Stream, Thomas P. Felix
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Movement patterns of Semotilus atromaculatus, Rhinichthvs atratulus, Campostoma anomalum and Catostomus commersoni were investigated in an eastern South Dakota stream for a period of one year. Electrofishing, fin clipping and a multiple census method were employed. Population structures were estimated for each species. Populations were considered unstable due to the occurrence of appreciable emigration and immigration between sampling periods. Differential size class mobility was established for all species. Species exhibited upstream movement tendencies during the summer and more random movement tendencies during the fall. Size classes of S.atromaculatus, R. atratulus, and C. anomalum showed differential upstream movement affinities. Considerable growth …
Seasonal Movements Of Prairie Grouse In South Dakota, Warren W. Jackson
Seasonal Movements Of Prairie Grouse In South Dakota, Warren W. Jackson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
From 1962 through 1966, 1,401 plains sharp-tailed grouse (Pedicecetes phasianellus jamesi) and greater prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupide pinnatus) were trapped in Gregory and Lyman Counties in south-central South Dakota. Cannon-projected nets and funnel traps were used to capture prairie grouse on breeding grounds and winter baitsites. Some birds were marked with backtags and leg-markers. Movement information was obtained from field observations, hunter reports, sharp-tailed grouse collections, and by recapturing banded birds. Male birds moved less than two miles from winter baitsites to breeding areas; most movements over five miles were made by immature female birds. Seventy-seven percent of the hunter …
Limnology Of Three Farm Ponds In South-Central South Dakota, Larry Kim Graham
Limnology Of Three Farm Ponds In South-Central South Dakota, Larry Kim Graham
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of three farm ponds in south-central South Dakota were studied from June 1964 until December 1965. Maximum water temperature at the surface reached 25.2 C, while water temperatures at the bottom of the ponds were about 2 to 4C lower than the surface. Light transmission was influenced by turbidity but generally penetrated to the bottom of the ponds except during periods of cloudy ice and snow cover. Dissolved oxygen was near saturation during periods of open water. Most chemical ions in the ponds increased annually from a winter minimum to a spring maximum. Total dissolved …
Mobility And Behavior Of Raccoons In Eastern South Dakota, George L. Geis
Mobility And Behavior Of Raccoons In Eastern South Dakota, George L. Geis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Increasing populations of raccoons (Procyon lotor) and reports of depredation on upland game, poultry, and garden crops indicated a need for research concerning behavior, mobility, and range of raccoons. The raccoon has seemingly adapted to the dry environment of the northern agricultural plains. According to records, the original range apparently did not extend into South Dakota. Lewis and Clark did not report raccoons when they traveled along the Missouri River in 1804 and 1806 (Coues, 1893). Although Visher (1918) noted that raccoons were not rare in wooded areas along streams in western South Dakota, he made no mention of …
Population Distribution And Mobility Of Deer In Eastern South Dakota, Rollin De Mers Sparrowe
Population Distribution And Mobility Of Deer In Eastern South Dakota, Rollin De Mers Sparrowe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Population distribution and mobility of deer were studied intensively along a 15-mile stretch of the Big Sioux River, and less intensively on an expanse of 1400 square miles in central eastern South Dakota. Objectives were to determine relative population numbers and distribution of deer, the extent of their daily and seasonal movements, and the principal factors influencing these populations and movements, and to test winter hard counts as a population index. Deer were captured in Clover traps or with a Cap-Chur gun and were marked individually with ear tags, ear streamers, and collars. Some deer were tracked by radio telemetry. …
Life History Of The Emerald Shiner In Lewis And Clark Lake, South Dakota, Everett H. Fuchs
Life History Of The Emerald Shiner In Lewis And Clark Lake, South Dakota, Everett H. Fuchs
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The age, rate of growth, reproduction, feeding habits and population dynamics of the emerald shiner (Notropie atherinoides) were studied from 10, 375 fish collected in Lewis and Clark Lake South Dakota. The population consisted of four age groups dominated by young-of-the-yew during the summer and fall and by age group during spring and early summer. Age group II was common only in the spring and early summer. While age group III was rarely found. Average length at annulus formation was 66 mm for age group I and 84 mm for age group II. Females attained a size advantage over males …
Dieldrin Residues In Eggs And Fat Of Penned Pheasant Hens, Donald Wayne Lamb
Dieldrin Residues In Eggs And Fat Of Penned Pheasant Hens, Donald Wayne Lamb
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
At present, there is considerable interest in the effects of insecticides upon our wildlife populations. It is well known that chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides are present in tissues and eggs of birds that receive these chemicals in their diets. Some workers, for example Gene11y and Rudd (1956) and DeWitt (1956), studied the effects of different levels of ingested insecticides on the reproduction of game birds. Additional studies are needed to relate the amount of insecticide in the diet to the level in the egg and that in turn to reproduction and effects on young birds. Work on pheasants is of special …
Food Habits Of Bigmouth And Smallmouth Buffalo In Lewis And Clark Lake And The Missouri River, Thomas S. Mccomish
Food Habits Of Bigmouth And Smallmouth Buffalo In Lewis And Clark Lake And The Missouri River, Thomas S. Mccomish
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Food habits were determined for 386 bigmouth buffalo and 277 smallmouth buffalo collected in 1962 and 1963 from Lewis and Clark Lake and the Missouri River. Young-of-the-year bigmouth buffalo stomachs contained 100 percent zooplankton. Bigmouth buffalo (330 to 530 millimeters) stomachs contained 99 percent zooplankton in 1952 and 95 percent in 1963. Digestive tracts of young-of-the-year smallmouth buffalo contained 99 percent copepods and one percent sand. Smallmouth buffalo (250 to 400 millimeters) contained about 65 percent zooplankton, 30 percent phytoplankton, and the remaining five percent consisted of chironomid larvae, plant detritus, and sand.
Growth Rates Of Yellow Perch, Perca Flavescens (Mitchell), In Two North Dakota Lakes After Population Reduction With Toxaphene, Donald C. Warnick
Growth Rates Of Yellow Perch, Perca Flavescens (Mitchell), In Two North Dakota Lakes After Population Reduction With Toxaphene, Donald C. Warnick
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Fishery waters overpopulated with desirable species generally produce few harvestable fish because of slow growth rates. In 1962 Bennett stated that no fish of harvestable were found in some waters thus affected. Eschmeyer (1936) made a similar observation concerning overcrowded populations of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). For lack of more efficient remedial measures the use of piscicides has been recommended to reduce the numbers the numbers of the problem species. Relatively low toxaphene concentrations in two North Dakota lakes substantially reduced the density of the yellow perch population the effect on other fish species was less obvious. The results reported …
A Comparison Of Some Limnological Changes Caused By The Brookings Sewage Treatment Plant On Six-Mile Creek And The Big Sioux River, Richard Ruelle
A Comparison Of Some Limnological Changes Caused By The Brookings Sewage Treatment Plant On Six-Mile Creek And The Big Sioux River, Richard Ruelle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: In the days of the early pioneers in South Dakota and other sparsely settled areas, there was no problem in finding a sufficient supply of water for drinking, cooking, and washing purposes. The problems of waste disposal were taken care of by the microorganisms in the soil, the microorganisms easily being able to keep pace with the few settlers. As cities and towns began to form, usually along a stream where there was an abundant supply of fresh water, sewage disposal became a growing problem. The easiest way to get rid of the sewage was to dump it into …
Determination Of Minimum Lethal Level Of Toxaphene As A Piscicide In Lakes Of North Dakota, Dale L. Henegar
Determination Of Minimum Lethal Level Of Toxaphene As A Piscicide In Lakes Of North Dakota, Dale L. Henegar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Toxaphene as a piscicide for localized field application has not been widely used because minimum lethal concentrations have not been in the field. There is, however, considerable information gained from laboratory bio-assay studies (Surber, 1498; Duedoreff, et al. 1953; Hooper and Grzenda, 1955, et al. 1959). Concentrations indicated by such studies are not necessarily correct for field use. Prevost (1960) pointed out that results from controlled laboratory experiments do not always yield dosages exhibiting similar results in the field where a number of variables, both known and unknown, exist over which the field worker has little or no control. Gebhards …
Some Life History And Ecological Activites Of The Richardson Ground Squirrel In South Dakota, Dean Robert Gunderson
Some Life History And Ecological Activites Of The Richardson Ground Squirrel In South Dakota, Dean Robert Gunderson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Whenever man has gone he has changed his environment to suit his needs. Because of his need for food, man has plowed up the prairies and converted the grasslands to grain fields. Before white man settled the Great Plains, range rodents such as the prairie dog and the ground squirrel existed undisturbed and unmolested except by their natural predators. With the advent of cultivated crops, the range herbivores found a new and tasty source of food. Among these primary consumers which took advantage of man’s interference with the natural prairie was the Richardson ground squirrel, Citellus richardsoni (Figure 1). During …
Fall Food Habits Of The Merriams' Wild Turkey In Western South Dakota, Curtis Martin Twedt
Fall Food Habits Of The Merriams' Wild Turkey In Western South Dakota, Curtis Martin Twedt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The several varieties of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) formerly ranged over much of what is now eastern, central and southwestern United States. A large portion of the species habitat was destroyed by logging and by clearing forest land for agricultural use. Wild turkey population, were also directly decimated because of bunting by early settlers. Edminister (1954) estimated present Wild turkey range to be approximately 1 per cent of the historic range. In the past few decades, wild turkey population have increased to the point where the species has begun to assume a prominent place among the game birds. . . …
Some Limnological Conditions Relative To Winter Kill Of Fish In Ice-Covered Representative Farm Ponds In Eastern South Dakota, Jerome L. Johnson
Some Limnological Conditions Relative To Winter Kill Of Fish In Ice-Covered Representative Farm Ponds In Eastern South Dakota, Jerome L. Johnson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An aquatic environment involves many complex relationships biologically, physically, and chemically. Many of these relationships are difficult to measure or are little understood. In nature, aquatic environments accommodate many types of aquatic life. Ecological disturbances may cause the environment to become unfit for economically important forms of life. Human interferences often causes polluted waters and naturally occurring disturbances are common. A disturbance of this kind is one of the major problems of fisheries management in the northern Great Plains area – seasonal anaerobosis of fish or other aquatic animals and plants, commonly known as winter kill. Winter kill is usually …
Nesting Of Mourning Doves In Eastern South Dakota, Lloyd E. Oldenburg
Nesting Of Mourning Doves In Eastern South Dakota, Lloyd E. Oldenburg
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The mourning dove¹, not presently a game bird in South Dakota, is gaining support toward that status. During the 1959 state legislative season a bill sponsored by the Department of Game, Fish and Parks to place the mourning dove on the game bird list was passed by the House and defeated by the Senate. In a special dove issue of Outdoor California, January 1959, W.K. Kiel (9) stated there are currently 30 states which allow dove hunting. No state bordering South Dakota has an open dove season. However, in a special memorandum of March 7, 1958, the Nebraska Game, Forestation …
Wildlife Utilization Of Stock Ponds In Minnehaha County, South Dakota, James D. Swanson
Wildlife Utilization Of Stock Ponds In Minnehaha County, South Dakota, James D. Swanson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Man’s agricultural activities in South Dakota have greatly altered environmental conditions for nearly all forms of wildlife. Draining and ditching in eastern South Dakota have decreased the acreage of wetlands available to waterfowl and furbearers. Results of conversation practices carried out under the Agricultural Conservation Program as reported by the U. S. Department of Agriculture (1) show that between 1936 and 1937 South Dakota farmers had drained 760,198 acres. Drainage of wetland areas changed once valuable wildlife habitat into drylands which are of little value to waterfowl and furbearers. Waterfowl breeding grounds have been so greatly reduced that few …
Analysis Of Summer Spotlighting For Determining Deer Populations Indices, Donald C. Duerre
Analysis Of Summer Spotlighting For Determining Deer Populations Indices, Donald C. Duerre
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Man changes his environment to suit his needs. In doing so he has destroyed forests, plowed the land, and built cities. Deer have adopted themselves to these changes, and in many instances populations have erupted as a result. Their ability to survive advancement of civilization and increasing hunting pressure has made deer the most important big-game animal in America, The importance of deer as a game animal has caused game agencies to institute more intensive management programs. Proper management of this species has long been a problem of game technicians. In order to obtain an optimum annual harvest, the technician …
Age And Growth Determination Of The Black Bullhead From Soft Fin Rays, James W. Sprague
Age And Growth Determination Of The Black Bullhead From Soft Fin Rays, James W. Sprague
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Knowledge of the age of individuals comprising populations of fish is essential to the fishery biologist. From such information he is able to calculate the rate of growth, determine the age at which sexual maturity is attained and the longevity of the species. These calculations and determinations can be applied in the management of populations and in setting fishery regulations. There are numerous methods being used to determine the age of an individual fish. Of these, the scale method is the most important means of age determination being utilized with species of fish possessing scales (Cooper, 1951). This method …
Evaluation Of Walleye Fingerling Plants In Lake Darling, North Dakota, George L. Van Wyhe
Evaluation Of Walleye Fingerling Plants In Lake Darling, North Dakota, George L. Van Wyhe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The walleye, Stizostadion vitreum vitreum (Mitchell) is the largest American member of the perch family (Peraidae); it represents the subfamily Luciopercinae in our waters. The walleye has a wide range of distribution which, according to hubs and lagler (1949), extends “From Great Slave Lake, the Saskatchewan River system and the Hudson Bay region to Labrador; southward on the Atlantic slope to North Carolina, and west of the mountains, to the Alabama River system of Georgia to the Tennessee River drainage of Alabama and to northern Arkansas and Nebraska. Common through the Great Lakes and many of the inland lakes and …
Digestion Studies With Sheep And Wild Antelope On A Sagebrush Ration, Paul Harold Kohler
Digestion Studies With Sheep And Wild Antelope On A Sagebrush Ration, Paul Harold Kohler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Those who are responsible for the management of antelope, range livestock, and the range seek to maintain such a balance that al may thrive and reproduce. This is inevitably a difficult objective since the balance in numbers of antelope and livestock may be changed annually, but range flora changes only in long-time cycles. Therefore, the balance between the wild and domestic species and the range must be adjusted frequently by range and livestock management. The adjustment of the number of domestic animals to fit the carrying capacity of the range may be accomplished by changing management and marketing practices …