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Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons

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Medicine and Health Sciences

2015

Selected Works

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Articles 91 - 115 of 115

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Video Feature — Banned Books And The Stuart Rose Collection, Robert Brecha, Una Cadegan, John Inglis, Paul Morman Feb 2015

Video Feature — Banned Books And The Stuart Rose Collection, Robert Brecha, Una Cadegan, John Inglis, Paul Morman

John A. Inglis

A faculty panel discussion in two sessions:

Session 1:
The Index: Una Cadegan (history) looks at the current scholarship on the Index of Forbidden Books.
Galileo: Robert Brecha (physics) highlights the banning of Galileo and observational science.

Session 2:
Thomas Aquinas: John Inglis (philosophy) speaks on the banning of Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica, the most important book in Catholic intellectual tradition.
Descartes and the Index of Forbidden Books: Paul Morman (history, Distinguished Service Professor) highlights the book by Descartes that he was not allowed to study while a student at UD in the 1960s.


Video Feature — Banned Books And The Stuart Rose Collection, Robert Brecha, Una Cadegan, John Inglis, Paul Morman Feb 2015

Video Feature — Banned Books And The Stuart Rose Collection, Robert Brecha, Una Cadegan, John Inglis, Paul Morman

Robert J. Brecha

A faculty panel discussion in two sessions:

Session 1:
The Index: Una Cadegan (history) looks at the current scholarship on the Index of Forbidden Books.
Galileo: Robert Brecha (physics) highlights the banning of Galileo and observational science.

Session 2:
Thomas Aquinas: John Inglis (philosophy) speaks on the banning of Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica, the most important book in Catholic intellectual tradition.
Descartes and the Index of Forbidden Books: Paul Morman (history, Distinguished Service Professor) highlights the book by Descartes that he was not allowed to study while a student at UD in the 1960s.


Exhibition Catalogue — Imprints And Impressions: Milestones In Human Progress, Paul H. Benson, Sandra A. Yocum, Mark Masthay, Donald J. Polzella Feb 2015

Exhibition Catalogue — Imprints And Impressions: Milestones In Human Progress, Paul H. Benson, Sandra A. Yocum, Mark Masthay, Donald J. Polzella

Donald J. Polzella

Exhibition catalogue for Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress — Highlights from the Rose Rare Book Collection. Includes an introduction by Kathleen M. Webb, dean of University Libraries; essays about the impact of the exhibition's books on modern inquiry, the humanities, the sciences, and the social sciences; and photographs of the works in the exhibit.


Rare Books And Social Science, Donald J. Polzella Feb 2015

Rare Books And Social Science, Donald J. Polzella

Donald J. Polzella

An essay on the impact of the works in the Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress, an exhibition of rare books from the collection of Stuart Rose. Exhibition was held Sept. 29-Nov. 9, 2014, at the University of Dayton.


Exhibition Catalogue — Imprints And Impressions: Milestones In Human Progress, Paul H. Benson, Sandra A. Yocum, Mark Masthay, Donald J. Polzella Feb 2015

Exhibition Catalogue — Imprints And Impressions: Milestones In Human Progress, Paul H. Benson, Sandra A. Yocum, Mark Masthay, Donald J. Polzella

Paul H. Benson

Exhibition catalogue for Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress — Highlights from the Rose Rare Book Collection. Includes an introduction by Kathleen M. Webb, dean of University Libraries; essays about the impact of the exhibition's books on modern inquiry, the humanities, the sciences, and the social sciences; and photographs of the works in the exhibit.


Science Classics, Mark Masthay Feb 2015

Science Classics, Mark Masthay

Mark Masthay

An essay on the impact of the works in the Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress, an exhibition of rare books from the collection of Stuart Rose. Exhibition was held Sept. 29-Nov. 9, 2014, at the University of Dayton.


Exhibition Catalogue — Imprints And Impressions: Milestones In Human Progress, Paul H. Benson, Sandra A. Yocum, Mark Masthay, Donald J. Polzella Feb 2015

Exhibition Catalogue — Imprints And Impressions: Milestones In Human Progress, Paul H. Benson, Sandra A. Yocum, Mark Masthay, Donald J. Polzella

Mark Masthay

Exhibition catalogue for Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress — Highlights from the Rose Rare Book Collection. Includes an introduction by Kathleen M. Webb, dean of University Libraries; essays about the impact of the exhibition's books on modern inquiry, the humanities, the sciences, and the social sciences; and photographs of the works in the exhibit.


Development Of A Novel Screening Strategy Designed To Discover A New Class Of Hiv Drugs, Nancy Cheng, Sook-Kyung Lee, P. Donover, Mel Reichman, Celia Schiffer, Emily Hull-Ryde, Ronald Swanstrom, William Janzen Jan 2015

Development Of A Novel Screening Strategy Designed To Discover A New Class Of Hiv Drugs, Nancy Cheng, Sook-Kyung Lee, P. Donover, Mel Reichman, Celia Schiffer, Emily Hull-Ryde, Ronald Swanstrom, William Janzen

Celia A. Schiffer

Current antiretroviral treatments target multiple pathways important for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) multiplication, including viral entry, synthesis and integration of the DNA provirus, and the processing of viral polyprotein precursors. However, HIV is becoming increasingly resistant to these "combination therapies." Recent findings show that inhibition of HIV Gag protein cleavage into its two structural proteins, matrix (MA) and capsid (CA), has a devastating effect on viral production, revealing a potential new target class for HIV treatment. Unlike the widely used HIV protease inhibitors, this new class of inhibitor would target the substrate, not the protease enzyme itself. This approach offers …


Wonder-Worlds Of Words, Sandra A. Yocum Jan 2015

Wonder-Worlds Of Words, Sandra A. Yocum

Sandra A. Yocum

An essay on the impact of the works in the Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress, an exhibition of rare books from the collection of Stuart Rose. Exhibition was held Sept. 29-Nov. 9, 2014, at the University of Dayton.


Exhibition Catalogue — Imprints And Impressions: Milestones In Human Progress, Paul H. Benson, Sandra A. Yocum, Mark Masthay, Donald J. Polzella Jan 2015

Exhibition Catalogue — Imprints And Impressions: Milestones In Human Progress, Paul H. Benson, Sandra A. Yocum, Mark Masthay, Donald J. Polzella

Sandra A. Yocum

Exhibition catalogue for Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress — Highlights from the Rose Rare Book Collection. Includes an introduction by Kathleen M. Webb, dean of University Libraries; essays about the impact of the exhibition's books on modern inquiry, the humanities, the sciences, and the social sciences; and photographs of the works in the exhibit.


Exhibition Handlist, Kathleen M. Webb Jan 2015

Exhibition Handlist, Kathleen M. Webb

Kathleen M. Webb

In preparing for Imprints and Impressions, we ran across many interesting words that have fallen out of the general lexicon. With this booklet, we have brought one back: handlist. Dean Kathleen Webb ran across it in a 1944 booklet from the J. Pierpont Morgan Library in New York City. Though the word no longer appears in most new dictionaries, it’s still in the Oxford English Dictionary: A list of a particular type or category of things, presented in a readily consultable form; esp. a list of the books or manuscripts in a particular place, on a particular subject, etc.; a …


Real-Time Mri-Guided Catheter Tracking Using Hyperpolarized Silicon Particles, Nicholas Whiting, Jingzhe Hu, Jay V. Shah, Maja C. Cassidy, Erik Cressman, Niki Zacharias Millward, David G. Menter, Charles M. Marcus, Pratip K. Bhattacharya Jan 2015

Real-Time Mri-Guided Catheter Tracking Using Hyperpolarized Silicon Particles, Nicholas Whiting, Jingzhe Hu, Jay V. Shah, Maja C. Cassidy, Erik Cressman, Niki Zacharias Millward, David G. Menter, Charles M. Marcus, Pratip K. Bhattacharya

Nicholas Whiting

Visualizing the movement of angiocatheters during endovascular interventions is typically accomplished using x-ray fluoroscopy. There are many potential advantages to developing magnetic resonance imaging-based approaches that will allow three-dimensional imaging of the tissue/vasculature interface while monitoring other physiologically-relevant criteria, without exposing the patient or clinician team to ionizing radiation. Here we introduce a proof-of-concept development of a magnetic resonance imaging-guided catheter tracking method that utilizes hyperpolarized silicon particles. The increased signal of the silicon particles is generated via low-temperature, solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization, and the particles retain their enhanced signal for ≥40 minutes—allowing imaging experiments over extended time durations. The …


Flow Of Dna Solutions In A Microfluidic Gradual Contraction, Shelly Gulati, Susan J. Muller, Dorian Liepmann Jan 2015

Flow Of Dna Solutions In A Microfluidic Gradual Contraction, Shelly Gulati, Susan J. Muller, Dorian Liepmann

Shelly Gulati

The flow of λ-DNA solutions in a gradual micro-contraction was investigated using direct measurement techniques. The effects on DNA transport in microscale flows are significant because the flow behavior is influenced by macromolecular conformations, both viscous and elastic forces dominate inertial forces at this length scale, and the fully extended length of the molecule approaches the characteristic channel length wc (L/wc ∼ 0.13). This study examines the flow of semi-dilute and entangled DNA solutions in a gradual planar micro-contraction for low Reynolds numbers (3.7 × 10−6 < Re < 3.1 × 10−1) and high Weissenberg numbers (0.4 < Wi < …


Cefepime Neurotoxicity In An Adolescent Cystic Fibrosis Patient With Aminoglycoside-Induced Acute Kidney Injury, Kristen R. Nichols, Danielle M. Brown, Chad A. Knoderer, Sharon P. Andreoli Jan 2015

Cefepime Neurotoxicity In An Adolescent Cystic Fibrosis Patient With Aminoglycoside-Induced Acute Kidney Injury, Kristen R. Nichols, Danielle M. Brown, Chad A. Knoderer, Sharon P. Andreoli

Kristen R. Nichols

Objective: To describe a case of cefepime neurotoxicity in an adolescent with cystic fibrosis and aminoglycoside-associated acute kidney injury (AKI).

Case Summary: A 15-year-old, 46-kg male with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic sinusitis was admitted to the hospital for CF exacerbation. The patient was subsequently discharged to complete home antibiotic therapy with intravenous gentamicin and cefepime. Thirteen days after discharge, while still receiving intravenous antibiotics, the patient presented to an outside hospital complaining of vomiting, fatigue, decreased appetite, and decreased urine output. The patient was diagnosed with AKI and was transferred to our institution, where he displayed signs and symptoms …


Implantable Polymer/Metal Thin Film Structures For The Localized Treatment Of Cancer By Joule Heating, Nima Rahbar, Kwabena Kan-Dapaah, Christian Theriault, Wole Soboyejo Dec 2014

Implantable Polymer/Metal Thin Film Structures For The Localized Treatment Of Cancer By Joule Heating, Nima Rahbar, Kwabena Kan-Dapaah, Christian Theriault, Wole Soboyejo

Nima Rahbar

This paper presents an implantable polymer/metal alloy thin film structure for localized post-operative treatment of breast cancer. A combination of experiments and models is used to study the temperature changes due to Joule heating by patterned metallic thin films embedded in poly-dimethylsiloxane. The heat conduction within the device and the surrounding normal/cancerous breast tissue is modeled with three-dimensional finite element method (FEM). The FEM simulations are used to explore the potential effects of device geometry and Joule heating on the temperature distribution and lesion (thermal dose). The FEM model is validated using a gel model that mimics biological media. The …


Multistrain Infections In Metapopulations, Sydney Garmer, Rachel Lynn, Dan Rossi, Alex Capaldi Dec 2014

Multistrain Infections In Metapopulations, Sydney Garmer, Rachel Lynn, Dan Rossi, Alex Capaldi

Alex Capaldi

Viruses and bacteria responsible for infectious diseases often mutate and are carried between geographical regions. We consider a mathematical model which begins to account for these factors. We assume two disjoint populations that only occasionally co-mingle and two strains of a disease present in these populations. Of interest are the equations describing the dynamics of this system, the conditions under which epidemics will occur, and the long term behavior of the system under various initial conditions. We fi#12;nd general conditions
under which a state of disease-free equilibrium is stable. Additionally, we #12;find existence of a biologically relevant equilibrium where two …


Case Studies In Evaluating Time Series Prediction Models Using The Relative Mean Absolute Error, Nicholas G. Reich, Justin Lessler, Krzysztof Sakrejda, Stephen A. Lauer, Sopon Iamsirithaworn, Derek A T Cummings Dec 2014

Case Studies In Evaluating Time Series Prediction Models Using The Relative Mean Absolute Error, Nicholas G. Reich, Justin Lessler, Krzysztof Sakrejda, Stephen A. Lauer, Sopon Iamsirithaworn, Derek A T Cummings

Nicholas G Reich

Statistical prediction models inform decision-making processes in many real-world settings. Prior to using predictions in practice, one must rigorously test and validate candidate models to ensure that the proposed predictions have sufficient accuracy to be used in practice. In this paper, we present a framework for evaluating time series predictions that emphasizes computational simplicity and an intuitive interpretation using the relative mean absolute error metric. For a single time series, this metric enables comparisons of candidate model predictions against naive reference models, a method that can provide useful and standardized performance benchmarks. Additionally, in applications with multiple time series, this …


Use Of Geographical Information Systems To Identify Counties In Georgia With High Risk For Childhood Lead Poisoning, R. Christopher Rustin, Christy Kuriatnyk, Byron Lobsinger, Simone Charles Dec 2014

Use Of Geographical Information Systems To Identify Counties In Georgia With High Risk For Childhood Lead Poisoning, R. Christopher Rustin, Christy Kuriatnyk, Byron Lobsinger, Simone Charles

R. Christopher Rustin

Background: For children in Georgia, lead poisoning is a substantial public health problem. Primary risk factors include low socioeconomic status and poor-quality housing built prior to 1978. The Environmental Health Team of the Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) utilized geographical information system (GIS) technology and census housing data to identify counties in which children have high risk for lead poisoning. The purpose of this research was to update and refine previous maps developed with older technology and on a different geographic scale so that targeted public health interventions can be developed.

Methods: Data related to stratified and …


Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping At High Xenon Densities And Laser Fluxes: Principles And Practice, Boyd M. Goodson, Nicholas Whiting, Hayley Newton, Jason G. Skinner, Kaili Ranta, Panayiotis Nikolaou, Michael J. Barlow, Eduard Y. Chekmenev Dec 2014

Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping At High Xenon Densities And Laser Fluxes: Principles And Practice, Boyd M. Goodson, Nicholas Whiting, Hayley Newton, Jason G. Skinner, Kaili Ranta, Panayiotis Nikolaou, Michael J. Barlow, Eduard Y. Chekmenev

Nicholas Whiting

Once limited to the realm of fundamental physics experiments, hyperpolarized (HP) noble gases have been exploited for a wide range of applications across NMR and MRI. In most cases, hyperpolarized noble gases are prepared by spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP)...


Hyperpolarization Methods For Mrs, Boyd M. Goodson, Nicholas Whiting, Aaron M. Coffey, Panayiotis Nikolaou, Fan Shi, Brogan M. Gust, Maxwell E. Gemeinhardt, Roman Shchepin, Jason G. Skinner, Jonathan R. Birchall, Michael J. Barlow, Eduard Y. Chekmenev Dec 2014

Hyperpolarization Methods For Mrs, Boyd M. Goodson, Nicholas Whiting, Aaron M. Coffey, Panayiotis Nikolaou, Fan Shi, Brogan M. Gust, Maxwell E. Gemeinhardt, Roman Shchepin, Jason G. Skinner, Jonathan R. Birchall, Michael J. Barlow, Eduard Y. Chekmenev

Nicholas Whiting

This article covers the fundamental principles and practice of NMR hyperpolarization techniques, which are proving useful for in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of metabolism in animal models, and clinical trials with hyper-enhanced sensitivity. Fundamentally, hyperpolarization methods enhance nuclear spin polarization by orders-of-magnitude, resulting in concomitant improvement in NMR detection sensitivity. The hyperpolarization methods described here – dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP), signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), and spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) – are capable of achieving nuclear spin polarization approaching the theoretical maximum of unity on nuclear spin sites of molecular or atomic agents …


Quantile Rank Maps: A New Tool For Understanding Individual Brain Development, Huaihou Chen, Clare Kelly, F. Xavier Castellanos, Ye He, Xi-Nian Zuo, Philip T. Reiss Dec 2014

Quantile Rank Maps: A New Tool For Understanding Individual Brain Development, Huaihou Chen, Clare Kelly, F. Xavier Castellanos, Ye He, Xi-Nian Zuo, Philip T. Reiss

Philip T. Reiss

We propose a novel method for neurodevelopmental brain mapping that displays how an individual’s values for a quantity of interest compare with age-specific norms. By estimating smoothly age-varying distributions at a set of brain regions of interest, we derive age-dependent region-wise quantile ranks for a given individual, which can be presented in the form of a brain map. Such quantile rank maps could potentially be used for clinical screening. Bootstrap-based confidence intervals are proposed for the quantile rank estimates. We also propose a recalibrated Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for detecting group differences in the age-varying distribution. This test is shown to be …


Cross-Validation And Hypothesis Testing In Neuroimaging: An Irenic Comment On The Exchange Between Friston And Lindquist Et Al., Philip T. Reiss Dec 2014

Cross-Validation And Hypothesis Testing In Neuroimaging: An Irenic Comment On The Exchange Between Friston And Lindquist Et Al., Philip T. Reiss

Philip T. Reiss

The “ten ironic rules for statistical reviewers” presented by Friston (2012) prompted a rebuttal by Lindquist et al. (2013), which was followed by a rejoinder by Friston (2013). A key issue left unresolved in this discussion is the use of cross-validation to test the significance of predictive analyses. This note discusses the role that cross-validation-based and related hypothesis tests have come to play in modern data analyses, in neuroimaging and other fields. It is shown that such tests need not be suboptimal and can fill otherwise-unmet inferential needs.


Epidemiology Of Latency And Relapse In Plasmodium Vivax Malaria, Andrew A. Lover Dec 2014

Epidemiology Of Latency And Relapse In Plasmodium Vivax Malaria, Andrew A. Lover

Andrew Lover

Malaria is a major contributor to health burdens throughout the regions where it is endemic. Historically, it was believed that there was limited morbidity and essentially no mortality associated with Plasmodium vivax; however, evidence from diverse settings now suggests that infections with P. vivax can be both severe and fatal. This awareness has highlighted a critical gap: the vast majority of research has been directed towards P. falciparum, leading to a decades-long neglect of epidemiological and clinical studies of P. vivax. There exists a large body of historical data on human experimental infections with P. vivax; these studies in controlled …


Considerations For Comprehensive Analyses Of Sporozoite-Based Controlled Human Malaria Infection Studies, Andrew A. Lover Dec 2014

Considerations For Comprehensive Analyses Of Sporozoite-Based Controlled Human Malaria Infection Studies, Andrew A. Lover

Andrew Lover

There has been renewed interest in the use of sporozoite-based approaches for controlled human malaria infections (CHMIs), and several sets of human challenge studies have recently completed. A study undertaken in Tanzania and published in 2014 found dose dependence between 10,000 and 25,000 sporozoite doses, as well as divergent times-to-parasitemia relative to earlier studies in European volunteers, with important implications for planning future studies. Analysis of time-to-event data has had extensive development in recent years, but these methods have had limited exposure outside biostatistics. Expansion of the published analyses to include recent methodological approaches optimized for the types of data …


Short Report: Study Variability In Recent Human Challenge Experiments With Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoites (Pfspz Challenge), Andrew A. Lover Dec 2014

Short Report: Study Variability In Recent Human Challenge Experiments With Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoites (Pfspz Challenge), Andrew A. Lover

Andrew Lover

There has been renewed interest in the use of sporozoite-based approaches for malaria vaccination and controlled human infections, and several sets of human challenge studies have recently completed. A study undertaken in Tanzania and published in 2014 found dose-dependence between 10,000 and 25,000 sporozoite doses, as well as divergent times-to-parasitemia relative to earlier studies in European volunteers. However, this analysis shows that these conclusions are based upon suboptimal analytical methods; with more optimal analysis, there is no evidence for dose-dependence within this dose range; and more importantly, no evidence for differences in event times between Dutch and Tanzanian study sites. …