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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Interface And Morphology Engineering In Solution-Processed Electronic And Optoelectronic Devices, Sanjib Das
Interface And Morphology Engineering In Solution-Processed Electronic And Optoelectronic Devices, Sanjib Das
Doctoral Dissertations
The first part of this dissertation focuses on interface and morphology engineering in polymer- and small molecule-based organic solar cells. High-performance devices were fabricated, and the device performance was correlated with nanoscale structures using various electrical, spectroscopic and microscopic characterization techniques, providing guidelines for high-efficiency cell design.
The second part focuses on perovskite solar cells (PSCs), an emerging photovoltaic technology with skyrocketing rise in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and currently showing comparable PCEs with those of existing thin film photovoltaic technologies such as CIGS and CdTe. Fabrication of large-area PSCs without compromising reproducibility and device PCE requires formation of dense, …
Solution And Surface Properties Of Architecturally- And Compositionally-Complex Block Copolymers And Their Binary Mixtures, Jesse Lawrence Davis
Solution And Surface Properties Of Architecturally- And Compositionally-Complex Block Copolymers And Their Binary Mixtures, Jesse Lawrence Davis
Doctoral Dissertations
The spontaneous generation of complex structures from polymeric building blocks provides a simple yet effective route to create useful soft matter structures having potential application in a variety of nanotechnologies. The topology, chemical structure, block composition, and sequence of the constituent building blocks of polymers are tunable through synthetic chemistry. This tunability offers attractive opportunities to generate complex, yet well-defined structures with control over the geometry, packing symmetry, and microdomain structure. This thesis work involves the study of the self-assembly behaviors of architecturally complex amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs). ABCs are composed of two or more chemically distinct blocks that are …
Novel Thermoplastic Elastomers Based On Benzofulvene: Synthesis And Mechanical Properties, Weiyu Wang
Novel Thermoplastic Elastomers Based On Benzofulvene: Synthesis And Mechanical Properties, Weiyu Wang
Doctoral Dissertations
Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are of great importance both academically and technologically. Currently TPEs are the predominated form of styrene-diene copolymers. However, these styrenic TPEs have serious limitations in applications, especially at higher temperature, because of their low upper service temperature (UST). The work described in this dissertation aimed to developing thermoplastic elastomers with a higher UST and lower cost.
In order to develop TPEs with a higher UST, we employed benzofulvene, an anionically polymerizable monomer in hydrocarbon solvent at room temperature, as the glassy block and copolymerized it with isoprene to prepare polybenzofulvene-polyisoprene-polybenzofulvene (FIF) triblock copolymers. Among all triblock copolymers …
Crystal Growth And Physical Property Characterization Of Complex Perovskite Oxides, Ling Li
Crystal Growth And Physical Property Characterization Of Complex Perovskite Oxides, Ling Li
Doctoral Dissertations
Bulk EuTiO3 [europium titanate], a quantum paraelectric antiferromagnet, is shown to exhibit multiferroic behavior in strained thin film form, which highlights the spin-phonon coupling in this system. We have investigated the structural, elastic, magnetic, thermal and transport properties of single crystals of EuTiO3 as well as doped system EuTi1-xBxO3 (B = Zr, Nb) [Zr and Nb doped europium titanate] utilizing various experimental techniques and theoretical calculations.
The cubic to tetragonal structural transition in pure EuTiO3 is characterized by a pronounced step-like softening of the elastic moduli near 288 K [kelvin], which resembles …
Nanoscaled Cellulose And Its Carbonaceous Material: Application And Local Structure Investigation, Yujie Meng
Nanoscaled Cellulose And Its Carbonaceous Material: Application And Local Structure Investigation, Yujie Meng
Doctoral Dissertations
In this dissertation, cellulose nanocrystals three-dimensional morphology, size distribution, and the crystal structure were statistically and quantitatively investigated. Lognormal distribution was identified as the most likely for cellulose nanocrystals’ size distribution. Height and width dimensions were shown to decrease toward the ends from the midpoint of individual CNCs, implying a spindle-like shape. XRD analysis of crystallite size accompanied with TEM and AFM measurements revealed that the cross-sectional dimensions of individual switchgrass CNC were either rectangular or elliptical shape, with an approximately 3~5 nm [nanometer] lateral element length range. A sponge-like carbon aerogel from microfibril cellulose with high porosity, ultra-low density, …
Biodegradable Nano-Hybrid Polymer Composite Networks For Regulating Cellular Behavior, Charles Henley Sprague
Biodegradable Nano-Hybrid Polymer Composite Networks For Regulating Cellular Behavior, Charles Henley Sprague
Masters Theses
Photo-crosslinkable polymeric biomaterials have emerged in the field of biomedical research to promote tissue regeneration. For example, scaffolds that can be crosslinked and hardened in situ have been known to make suitable implant alternatives. Since injectable and photo-crosslinkable biomaterials offer the advantage of being minimally invasive, they have emerged to compete with autografts, a current highly invasive method to repair diseased tissue. A series of novel photo-crosslinkable, injectable, and biodegradable nano-hybrid polymers consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone fumarate) (PCLF) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) has been synthesized in our laboratory via polycondensation. To engineer the material properties of the nano-hybrid networks, varied …
Impurity Diffusion As A Possible Metal Chronometer For Pre-Detonation Nuclear Forensics, Edward T. Peskie, Howard L. Hall
Impurity Diffusion As A Possible Metal Chronometer For Pre-Detonation Nuclear Forensics, Edward T. Peskie, Howard L. Hall
International Journal of Nuclear Security
The ability to determine the age of seized nuclear material—that is, the time that has passed since it was formed— would provide crucial data to be used in its investigation. This paper reviews the methods and mathematical reasoning behind the use of diffusion theory, as previously applied to analysis of metals in ancient artifacts and other objects, to modern investigations in nuclear science. We here examine the time-dependent processes of diffusion, including grain boundary diffusion and discontinuous precipitation, and we assess the utility of examining the profiles of impurity and alloying element concentrations for use as a tool in pre-detonation …
Radiation Damage As A Possible Metal Chronometer For Pre-Detonation Nuclear Forensics, Edward T. Peskie, Howard L. Hall
Radiation Damage As A Possible Metal Chronometer For Pre-Detonation Nuclear Forensics, Edward T. Peskie, Howard L. Hall
International Journal of Nuclear Security
The better we can determine how long ago nuclear material was made, the sharper our tools for investigating seized nuclear materials. This paper examines the effects of radiation damage caused by the decay of uranium isotopes, and assesses how experts in nuclear forensics could use the analyses of these damaged regions to determine how much time has passed since metal samples were formed. It also draws parallels from fission track dating studies of mineral samples under geologic time, and proposes modifications to past publications on α-recoil track dating in order to determine the time since a metal sample was cast …
Studies Of Strongly Correlated Electron Systems Using Neutron Scattering, Yuen Yiu
Studies Of Strongly Correlated Electron Systems Using Neutron Scattering, Yuen Yiu
Doctoral Dissertations
The world presents many natural and man-made crises and challenges that require scientific solutions. Condensed matter physics is one of the most influential and solution oriented disciplines in science. The field saw a significant rise in popularity especially during the past century as mankind enters the Information Age, when energy and computing related technologies become ubiquitous. This technological progress has been driven by efforts from scientists and engineers, through the synthesis, understanding, and implementation of new materials. Condensed matter physicists strive to solve puzzles at the frontier of material research. In the 21st century we have many advance tools at …
Energy Selective Neutron Imaging For The Characterization Of Polycrystalline Materials, Robin Woracek
Energy Selective Neutron Imaging For The Characterization Of Polycrystalline Materials, Robin Woracek
Doctoral Dissertations
This multipart dissertation focuses on the development and evaluation of advanced methods for material testing and characterization using neutron diffraction and imaging techniques. A major focus is on exploiting diffraction contrast in energy selective neutron imaging (often referred to as Bragg edge imaging) for strain and phase mapping of crystalline materials. The dissertation also evaluates the use of neutron diffraction to study the effect of multi-axial loading, in particular the role of applying directly shear strains from the application of torsion. A portable tension-torsion-tomography loading system has been developed for in-situ measurements and integrated at major user facilities around the …
Development And Demonstration Of Critical Components Of Aluminum Based Energy Storage Devices Using The Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids, Mengqi Zhang
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation considers the development of porous carbon materials as the substrates for Al deposition/dissolution in an Al based ionic liquid flow battery (ILFB) and demonstration of an Al based hybrid supercapacitor. The Aluminum chloride/ 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride chloroaluminate ionic liquid is utilized as the electrolyte for these Al based energy storage devices. The ILFB has less capital cost than the all-vanadium redox flow battery because of the inexpensive AlCl3. The feasibility to equip a tank of solid aluminum chloride in an ILFB system aiming to improve energy density is investigated. A critical range of temperature data (50-130 celsius …
Using Ab Initio Simulations To Examine The Flexoelectric Effect In Perovskites, Austin B. Plymill
Using Ab Initio Simulations To Examine The Flexoelectric Effect In Perovskites, Austin B. Plymill
EURēCA: Exhibition of Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievement
Flexoelectricity is a property that dielectric materials exhibit where they produce polarization when subject to an inhomogeneous deformation. In the past, this effect has been largely ignored, as its effect in bulk materials has been much less significant than the related effect of piezoelectricity, the polarization of material due to uniform deformation. Interest in flexoelectricity has been increasing in recent years due to the development of nanotechnologies. Flexoelectricity is proportional to the strain gradient a material is subjected to making the flexoelectric effect immense on the nanoscale. Additionally, the flexoelectric effect scales with the dielectric constant making it have a …