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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

California's Regulation Of Motor Vehicle Tires Containing 6ppd, Dr. Anne-Cooper Doherty Apr 2022

California's Regulation Of Motor Vehicle Tires Containing 6ppd, Dr. Anne-Cooper Doherty

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The California Department of Toxic Substances Control's Safer Consumer Products (SCP) program has proposed motor vehicle tires containing 6PPD as a Priority Product in an effort to help mitigate the impacts of 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone on coho salmon and other potentially impacted aquatic species. The SCP program utilizes a novel approach to regulation of chemicals in consumer products that has allowed the Program to move quickly on this important issue, with hopes that this regulation will have impacts across the entire tire market. This presentation will provide an overview of how the SCP program works, including the requirement for manufacturers …

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Occurrence And Fate Of 6ppd-Quinone In Urban Receiving Waters, Dr. Edward Kolodziej Apr 2022

Occurrence And Fate Of 6ppd-Quinone In Urban Receiving Waters, Dr. Edward Kolodziej

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

In the U.S. Pacific Northwest, coho salmon, (Oncorhynchus kisutch), annually exhibit acute mortality upon stormwater exposure when adult salmon migrate to urban and near urban creeks to reproduce. We recently linked these mortality events to “6PPD-quinone”, a highly toxic transformation product of a common industrial antioxidant chemical 6PPD that is ubiquitously used in vehicle tires. These results reveal unanticipated risks of tire rubber antioxidants to an important aquatic species and imply toxicological relevance for widely dissipated tire rubber residues. Management of roadway runoff in general, and 6PPD/6PPD-quinone specifically, will be a clear priority for maintenance of ecosystem health and function, …

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Pathogen Filtration: An Untapped Ecosystem Service, Corinne Klohmann Apr 2022

Pathogen Filtration: An Untapped Ecosystem Service, Corinne Klohmann

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a marine angiosperm found in coastal temperate waters worldwide. Eelgrass is a vital part of coastal ecosystems providing nurseries for fish, habitat for invertebrates, sediment stabilization, coastal protection, water filtration, and carbon sequestration. In the tropics, seagrass beds have demonstrated their ability to decrease the abundance of the bacterial pathogen Enterococcus. Enterococcus-associated pathogens can sicken humans and other animals in the water. This work examines microbial community composition in seagrass beds in Puget Sound and the underlying mechanisms involved in pathogen filtration by seagrass beds. We assessed microbial abundance and composition using Enterococcus assays as well …

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Predicting The Ecotoxicological Impacts Of Microplastics In The Salish Sea Using Gis, Melina Sorensen Apr 2022

Predicting The Ecotoxicological Impacts Of Microplastics In The Salish Sea Using Gis, Melina Sorensen

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the world's oceans and have negatively impacted marine biota and ecosystem health. The Salish Sea, an inland sea ranging from Vancouver to Puget Sound, is an ecologically significant ecosystem. This study determined the areas in the Northern Salish Sea (Canadian jurisdiction) in which microplastics are likely to accumulate and subsequently where they are likely to cause ecological harm. Modelling and weighted raster analysis was performed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Areas of highest risk were identified, four key ecological areas of concern in relation to the results were investigated, and the potential impacts of microplastics on …

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Intertidal Eelgrass Decline Under Combined Effects Of Wasting Disease And Warming, Dr. Lillian Aoki Apr 2022

Intertidal Eelgrass Decline Under Combined Effects Of Wasting Disease And Warming, Dr. Lillian Aoki

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Ocean warming threatens vital coastal ecosystems, including eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows. At meadows along the Pacific coast of North America, outbreaks of seagrass wasting disease are correlated with warm water anomalies. The San Juan Islands in the Salish Sea are a hotspot for seagrass wasting disease; outbreaks have increased since 2013 and can infect 90% of plants in individual meadows. From 2019-2021, we assessed the interactive stressors of warming temperatures and disease outbreaks in intertidal meadows in the San Juan Islands, and we compared disease outbreaks along a latitudinal gradient, including meadows on the Central Coast of British Columbia and …

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Tracking Salish Sea Environmental Changes In Real-Time, Dr. John Mickett Apr 2022

Tracking Salish Sea Environmental Changes In Real-Time, Dr. John Mickett

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Using existing and freely available real-time environmental measurements in the Salish Sea and on the Washington shelf including mooring observations, atmospheric measurements, and river flow measurements, we developed five metrics to help understand and track primary factors contributing to changes in Salish Sea water properties, and, thus, potential ecological changes. These metrics, which include estuarine flow speed, river and rain effect on salinity, water-column oxygen availability, ocean boundary conditions, and heating or cooling of the water by the atmosphere, are intended to inform resource managers, scientists, health officials, and others on how key climate and ocean factors are influencing the …

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Collaborative Restoration Of Boundary Bay For Traditional Shellfish Harvest: Shared Waters Alliance, Christy Juteau, Harley Chappell Apr 2022

Collaborative Restoration Of Boundary Bay For Traditional Shellfish Harvest: Shared Waters Alliance, Christy Juteau, Harley Chappell

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Shared Waters Alliance is an international working group focused on the water quality of the Canadian-US shared waters of Boundary Bay. Boundary Bay is a critical section of BC’s rare coastline habitat and is recognized locally, nationally and internationally. Shared Waters was formed in 1999 and is made up of representatives from government, First Nations and community groups from both countries. A primary driver for the formation of this working group was the shellfish harvesting closure on the Canadian side of the border due to bacteriological contamination. Indigenous peoples (including Semiahmoo First Nation) traditionally harvested the abundant fish and shellfish …

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Bioretention For Lakes: Washington's Search To Replace Compost In Our Stormwater Filters, Dr. Dylan Ahearn Apr 2022

Bioretention For Lakes: Washington's Search To Replace Compost In Our Stormwater Filters, Dr. Dylan Ahearn

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Bioretention is the most widely applicable and flexible stormwater treatment practice we have available today. The Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) specification for bioretention soil media (BSM) is a mixture of 60 percent sand and 40 percent compost (60/40). Washington is not alone by including compost in BSM; Massachusetts, Nebraska, Maryland, Colorado, the list goes on. While the 60/40 BSM can provide reliable water quality treatment for some contaminants, it has been shown to export high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. We will present the journey that the state of Washington has taken over the last 6 years to …

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Impacts Of Predation On Pacific Herring Egg Survival In The Southern Salish Sea, Heidi Stewart Apr 2022

Impacts Of Predation On Pacific Herring Egg Survival In The Southern Salish Sea, Heidi Stewart

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Pacific herring play a critical role in the food web of the Salish Sea. Because they are not charismatic megafauna there has been a lack of attention on the species, resulting in a limited understanding of their population dynamics and downward trends in their populations. The Cherry Point stock, centered 30 miles north of Bellingham Bay, has declined roughly 97% since the 1970s. This massive decline is a point of concern for environmental and fishery managers and has led to research into both the initial decline and its lack of recovery. One key hypothesis in need of research is whether …

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The Living Dike – Pilot Project Phasetechnical Development From Multiple Multi-Discipline Walkabouts., John Readshaw, Gary Williams Apr 2022

The Living Dike – Pilot Project Phasetechnical Development From Multiple Multi-Discipline Walkabouts., John Readshaw, Gary Williams

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Living Dike – Pilot Project Phase Technical Development from multiple Multi-Discipline Walkabouts. Abstract Salish Sea Conference The Living Dike – Pilot Project Phase Technical Development from multiple Multi-Discipline Walkabouts. John Readshaw, P. Eng. SNC – Lavalin Inc. Gary Williams, RP Bio. G.L. Williams and Associates The Living Dike project, described in an earlier Salish Sea Conference presentation, has now moved into a seven year funded pilot project phase. As part of this phase, a series of walkabouts was undertaken at two of the intended pilot project sites to better understand the ecological services being provided by the existing saltmarsh …

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Neighbourhood-Scale Coastal Adaptation With Green Shores: Challenges And Opportunities, Jessica Wilson, Grant Lamont, Dg Blair, Luke Sales, Robyn Holme, David Robinson, Mike Waters Apr 2022

Neighbourhood-Scale Coastal Adaptation With Green Shores: Challenges And Opportunities, Jessica Wilson, Grant Lamont, Dg Blair, Luke Sales, Robyn Holme, David Robinson, Mike Waters

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Coastal processes function on a larger scale than most individual properties can appropriately accommodate. Property frontages typically range on the order of 10s of meters, whereas coastal processes (such as sediment transport) often span 100s of meters or more. These scales pose a challenge for implementing natural and nature-based approaches on many individual properties. Neighbourhood-scale designs have the potential to avoid the site limitations posed by individual properties as well as distribute costs and benefits across a broader community. However, there are few examples of neighbourhood-scale projects being implemented within the Salish Sea to date. Northwest Hydraulic Consultants (NHC) – …

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Boundary Spanning In Support Of Ecosystem-Based Management, Dr. Tessa Francis Apr 2022

Boundary Spanning In Support Of Ecosystem-Based Management, Dr. Tessa Francis

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Boundary spanning is a focused effort to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and information between disparate communities, such as knowledge producers (i.e., analysts, scientists, researchers, etc.) and knowledge users (i.e., decision-makers, policy makers, managers, etc.). Many boundary-spanning efforts are limited to single interfaces, or focused on producing single boundary objects. Here we describe the ongoing work of a boundary spanning organization that amounts to a system of activities conducted at interfaces between multiple communities engaged in ecosystem-based management of the Puget Sound, resulting in a suite of boundary objects. These examples illustrate a range of potential boundary spanning activities while …

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Incorporating Indigenous Methodologies For Assessing Conservation Risk, Reiley Terbasket, Jason Straka Apr 2022

Incorporating Indigenous Methodologies For Assessing Conservation Risk, Reiley Terbasket, Jason Straka

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Formally designating an area as an “ecosystem at risk” can have intentional and unintentional consequences for how that area is treated, including: • The area being formally listed under pieces of legislation • Affecting the ways in which Indigenous nations interact with species or ecosystems in an area • Feeding into decision-making processes like land use planning, environmental assessments, and mitigation • Informing conservation targets, funding, or opportunities for establishing various types of protected areas But what goes into considering an ecosystem at risk? NatureServe and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) have developed standard and respected methods …

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Profiling Marine Biotoxins In The Salish Sea, Dr. Andrew R.S. Ross, Blair Surridge, Harry Hartmann, Mackenzie Mueller, Nicole Frederickson, Svetlana Esenkulova, Isobel Isobel Apr 2022

Profiling Marine Biotoxins In The Salish Sea, Dr. Andrew R.S. Ross, Blair Surridge, Harry Hartmann, Mackenzie Mueller, Nicole Frederickson, Svetlana Esenkulova, Isobel Isobel

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The frequency and magnitude of marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) appear to be increasing worldwide, influenced by factors such as eutrophication and climate change. Biotoxins produced by harmful algae can have a negative impact on marine life including fish, mammals and seabirds. Variations in the timing, extent, duration, and impact of toxic HABs have been linked to changing environmental conditions, including extreme events such as the 2014-2016 North Pacific marine heatwave. Scientists at Fisheries and Ocean Canada (DFO) have been partnering with the Pacific Salmon Foundation (PSF) Citizen Science program to collect and analyze biotoxin samples, taxonomic and environmental data …

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Region-Wide Declines In Size At Age For Bc Chinook Salmon: Trends And Causes In Space And Time., Dr. Ravi Maharaj Apr 2022

Region-Wide Declines In Size At Age For Bc Chinook Salmon: Trends And Causes In Space And Time., Dr. Ravi Maharaj

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Declines in the size-at-age of Chinook salmon have been observed across the Pacific Northwest. Reasons for these declines are not well understood, though a number of potential causal factors have been highlighted. Here we present an analysis of size-at-age trends for BC Chinook escapements, testing the possible effects of some of these factors including hatchery influence, fishing, ocean conditions and predation among others. This project is part of a broader review of hatchery effectiveness being conducted by the Pacific Salmon Foundation.

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Oceanographic Conditions And Harmful Algae In The Strait Of Georgia, Canada – Outcomes Of Seven Years Of Monitoring With The Citizen Science Program., Svetlana Esenkolova Apr 2022

Oceanographic Conditions And Harmful Algae In The Strait Of Georgia, Canada – Outcomes Of Seven Years Of Monitoring With The Citizen Science Program., Svetlana Esenkolova

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Pacific Salmon Foundation’s Citizen Science Oceanography Program was started in 2015, with assistance from Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) and Ocean Networks Canada (ONC). The purpose of this innovative program is to obtain high-resolution data on oceanographic conditions and lower trophic levels that can be used to assess conditions relevant to juvenile salmon survival in the Salish Sea. Sampling occurs at 50-80 sites, about 20 times a year from February to October, resulting in ~1500 oceanographic stations each year, which are archived at ONC and the Strait of Georgia Data Centre. Analysis of oceanographic conditions (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, …

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Urbanization Reduces Understory Kelp Abundance, Macroalgal Function, And Biogenic Complexity In The Salish Sea, Dr. Eliza Heery Apr 2022

Urbanization Reduces Understory Kelp Abundance, Macroalgal Function, And Biogenic Complexity In The Salish Sea, Dr. Eliza Heery

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Salish Sea, like coastal zones globally, is undergoing rapid urbanization, causing substantial changes to marine habitats and ecosystems. Urban gradient analysis is a common approach in terrestrial and freshwater systems for discerning ecological patterns relative to urban land-use. This study employed a similar approach to assess urban gradients in benthic macroalgal assemblages in Puget Sound. Using benthic photoquadrat data from 38 sites in Central, South, and Whidbey Basin, we characterized the relative importance of urban- and natural-environmental predictors on: (1) the presence/absence of understory kelp, (2) the composition of macroalgal functional groups, and (3) the structural complexity of macroalgal-formed …

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Scaling Shoreline Restoration To Improve Nearshore Marine Habitat For Salmon And Forage Fishes, Emily Bishop Apr 2022

Scaling Shoreline Restoration To Improve Nearshore Marine Habitat For Salmon And Forage Fishes, Emily Bishop

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Shoreline restoration is a widespread activity with a multitude of ambitions. Goals often include protection of people and property from storms and sea level rise, improvement of habitat for fisheries and protected species, and mitigation of the effects of climate change through investments in blue carbon. However, few studies have directly assessed the impacts of restoration actions on specific ecological or economic endpoints, nor characterized the significance of the surrounding landscape to restoration outcomes. We conducted monthly surveys from April through September in 2018-2021 at six restoration sites in Puget Sound to evaluate associations between shoreline restoration and offshore subtidal …

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Density-Dependent Habitat Limitations For Juvenile Chinook Salmon In Large River Deltas Of Puget Sound, Dr. Correigh Greene Apr 2022

Density-Dependent Habitat Limitations For Juvenile Chinook Salmon In Large River Deltas Of Puget Sound, Dr. Correigh Greene

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Efforts by people to restrain tidal inundation to promote agriculture and development has led to large amounts of tidal wetland habitat loss in large river deltas across the Pacific coast. Concomitant declines in these populations have raised questions about the extent to which juvenile Chinook salmon compete for limited estuary habitat and how estuary restoration will help recover populations. To examine the potential for habitat limitation, we used a cross-system approach to combine outmigrant and population density data in four large river deltas of Puget Sound. By adjusting outmigration abundance to natural-origin outmigrants/ha of delta channel, we were able to …

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Improving The Use Of Science In Collaborative Ecosystem Restoration: Government And Non-Government Knowledge Brokers, Tom Koontz Apr 2022

Improving The Use Of Science In Collaborative Ecosystem Restoration: Government And Non-Government Knowledge Brokers, Tom Koontz

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

To address complex socio-ecological system challenges, policy makers and managers throughout the Salish Sea, and around the world, increasingly seek collaborative approaches. At the same time, the climate emergency and other environmental threats have drawn greater attention to science and its role in responding to these threats. Scientists are working to not only expand knowledge, but to put it into practice. What are the barriers and opportunities for bridging science and collaboration? In this comparative case study we examine how scientific research is valued, acquired, evaluated, and applied in collaborative ecosystem restoration. We gather data from three different types of …

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Salish Sea Marine Survival Project: Putting Findings Into Action For The Future Of Salmon, Jacques White Apr 2022

Salish Sea Marine Survival Project: Putting Findings Into Action For The Future Of Salmon, Jacques White

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Salish Sea Marine Survival Project (SSMSP, https://marinesurvivalproject.com) published its final Synthesis Report in 2021, summarizing key findings and recommendations from over 5 years of research into the causes of poor marine survival for Salish Sea Chinook, coho, and steelhead salmon. The project, led by Long Live the Kings in the U.S. and the Pacific Salmon Foundation in Canada, united more than sixty regional and international partners to enable one of the most comprehensive assessments of the Salish Sea ecosystem. It offers a critically important model for large-scale scientific collaborations addressing systemic, transboundary questions. This presentation summarizes the SSMSP’s approach …

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One Island, One Earth: Exploring Island Ecological Footprints And Fingerprints, Michelle Thompson, Adam Huggins Apr 2022

One Island, One Earth: Exploring Island Ecological Footprints And Fingerprints, Michelle Thompson, Adam Huggins

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Island communities have frequently been portrayed as passive victims of the climate crisis, but are also often considered to be models for the development of social capital and community resilience. As such, small island communities - like those in the Salish Sea - present unique challenges and opportunities in terms of evaluating community preparedness and adaptation to the climate crisis. The ecological footprint concept has long been employed in urban centers throughout our region as a powerful tool for understanding land and resource use in the context of climate change, but until recently has not been applied to small island …

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Downscaling Future Climate Models For Local Flood And Socioeconomic Exposure Across The Salish Sea With The Coastal Storm Modeling System (Cosmos), Dr. Patrick Barnard Apr 2022

Downscaling Future Climate Models For Local Flood And Socioeconomic Exposure Across The Salish Sea With The Coastal Storm Modeling System (Cosmos), Dr. Patrick Barnard

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) is being developed for the Salish Sea to evaluate flood hazards at a scale of 1 m to support coastal planning into the next century. CoSMoS computes extreme water levels and flooding accounting for projected sea level rise and climate change effects on river floods and storms. Modeled tides and storm surge show a mean absolute error of 10 cm across NOAA and USGS tide gages over the hindcast period 2018-2019. Model forcings deconstructed over a 1985-2015 hindcast indicate that storm surge inside Puget Sound is driven primarily by atmospheric pressure …

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Deriving Phytoplankton Community Composition In The Salish Sea Using Chemtax And Olci Sentinel 3 Data, Vishnu P. Suseelan Apr 2022

Deriving Phytoplankton Community Composition In The Salish Sea Using Chemtax And Olci Sentinel 3 Data, Vishnu P. Suseelan

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Seasonal and spatial variability in phytoplankton community composition in the Salish Sea was investigated between the spring and summer of 2018 and 2019. Surface water for the measurements for HPLC pigments and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), total suspended matter (TSM) concentration were collected from (~2 m depth) using a water pumping system installed on the ferry Queen of Alberni. At the same time, an above-water radiometer was installed on the bow of the ferry to measure the water-leaving radiance. The surface bio-geochemical variables such as TChla, CDOM, and TSM concentration has demonstrated a remarkable spatial and seasonal variability. In …

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Preparing For Sea Level Rise In King County: The Sea Level Rise Risk Area, Lara Whitely Binder Apr 2022

Preparing For Sea Level Rise In King County: The Sea Level Rise Risk Area, Lara Whitely Binder

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

How do we get ahead of what’s coming? is a common question and motivator for action on sea level rise. In 2020, King County answered this question with adoption of a Sea Level Rise Risk Area for Vashon and Maury Island. The new risk area, adopted into County flood codes as part of the County's Comprehensive Plan mid-point update, extends base flood elevation construction requirements and other provisions into a new zone that sits landward of the existing coastal high hazard zone. This presentation will provide a brief overview of the new risk area and its associated requirements, discuss the …

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Multi-Jurisdictional Relationship-Building For Nature-Based Flood Management In Boundary Bay, Harley Chappell, Deborah Carlson, Matt Osler, Erin Clement, Eric Balke, Gillian Fuss Apr 2022

Multi-Jurisdictional Relationship-Building For Nature-Based Flood Management In Boundary Bay, Harley Chappell, Deborah Carlson, Matt Osler, Erin Clement, Eric Balke, Gillian Fuss

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Purpose This session will bring together representatives from governments, agencies and organizations (Indigenous, federal, provincial, local) who are collaborating to implement "living dike" pilot projects in Boundary Bay to address sea level rise and protect coastal ecosystems and communities. Presenters will describe innovations and challenges around nature-based flood management regarding planning, design and working together. Material overview Sea level rise and other climate change impacts are increasing coastal flood risks for communities located on the Fraser River delta. Communities are protected by dikes and other hard infrastructure, but these hard structures can contribute significantly to coastal squeeze. There is growing …

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Building With Nature: Blue-Green Systems For Solving Urban Growth And Climate Challenges In Canada, Eva Li Apr 2022

Building With Nature: Blue-Green Systems For Solving Urban Growth And Climate Challenges In Canada, Eva Li

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Urban development has significantly disrupted the City of Vancouver’s (the City) natural water cycle. Building on multi-year strategic planning, the City is undertaking a major shift in the way infrastructure services are planned, designed and delivered by developing interconnected blue-green systems (BGSs) networks. BGSs, park like networks and corridors, aim to manage water and improve water quality; promote connectivity, active transportation, and recreational; and increase access to nature and biodiversity. The “blue” in blue-green systems refers to integrated water management and green rainwater infrastructure (GRI) services. This function includes nature-based constructed practices like rain gardens, wetlands or other forms of …

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Prioritizing Sea Level Rise Exposure And Habitat Sensitivity Across Puget Sound, Avery Maverick Apr 2022

Prioritizing Sea Level Rise Exposure And Habitat Sensitivity Across Puget Sound, Avery Maverick

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Sea level rise (SLR) will cause Puget Sound shores to change in the magnitude and frequency of coastal flooding, with cascading effects of accelerated erosion, habitat loss, and other impacts at the local scale. Prior investigations of the extent of coastal flooding and historical patterns of erosion have been conducted across the region in a variety of temporal and spatial extents, but primarily at the shoreline reach scales. The recent release of updated sea level rise (SLR) projections and high resolution topobathymetric data for the Puget Sound region lends itself to a new quantitative analysis of SLR-related hazards at a …

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Recovering Yelloweye Rockfish And Bocaccio In The Salish Sea: A Collaborative, Long-Term, Multi-Pronged Approach, Dr. Dayv Lowry Apr 2022

Recovering Yelloweye Rockfish And Bocaccio In The Salish Sea: A Collaborative, Long-Term, Multi-Pronged Approach, Dr. Dayv Lowry

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Recovering yelloweye rockfish and bocaccio in the Salish Sea: a collaborative, long-term, multi-pronged approach Yelloweye rockfish and bocaccio occupying the Salish Sea have been listed under the U.S. Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) since 2010, yelloweye as Threatened and bocaccio as Endangered. In 2017, NOAA Fisheries completed a recovery plan for both species, outlining critical data needs and collaborative policy actions to further recovery. In 2020, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) assessed the inside waters (i.e., Salish Sea) population of yelloweye as Threatened, a change from the Special Concern status conferred in 2008. Here, …

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Leveraging Community Science To Address Significant Data, Management, And Policy Gaps For Beach Spawning Forage Fish Across The Salish Sea, Virginia East, Jennifer Sutherst, Jacqueline Huard, Ian Bruce, Kyle Armstrong, Alanna Vivani, Graham Nicholas, Jacklyn Barrs Apr 2022

Leveraging Community Science To Address Significant Data, Management, And Policy Gaps For Beach Spawning Forage Fish Across The Salish Sea, Virginia East, Jennifer Sutherst, Jacqueline Huard, Ian Bruce, Kyle Armstrong, Alanna Vivani, Graham Nicholas, Jacklyn Barrs

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Community science is an important tool to address conservation challenges. WWF-Canada has facilitated the development of a ‘Forage Fish Monitoring Network’ within British Columbia’s Salish Sea. This network brings together community scientists, academics, professionals, and First Nation communities in mapping, monitoring, and identifying important spawning habitat for Pacific sand lance (PSL) and surf smelt (SS). PSL and SS are two ecologically important species that use intertidal (beach) habitat for spawning. These fish act as a trophic bridge between zooplankton and culturally and ecologically important predators, such as Marbled Murrelets, and Chinook salmon, which are the primary prey for northern and …

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