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Articles 61 - 79 of 79
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Comparison Of Sampling Designs For Vole Population Studies, Donna Bruns Stockrahm, Jay Mcaninch, John D. Harder
Comparison Of Sampling Designs For Vole Population Studies, Donna Bruns Stockrahm, Jay Mcaninch, John D. Harder
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
In the summer of 1980 we initiated a large-scale vole population study in the lower Hudson Valley of New York and had questions regarding trapping designs and sampling procedures. Would samples reflect populations as they occurred in the orchard or would results merely be artifacts of the trapping design?
Renzulli et a1. (1980) examined how time interval between trapping periods, trap spacing, and grid size affected demographic estimates in meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in non-orchard habitats. In other small mammal studies conducted in non-orchard habitats, 2 traps per station are often utilized to avoid the exclusion of animals or …
Radiotelemetric Evaluation Of The Effect Of Horticultural Practices On Pine And Meadow Voles In Apple Orchards: I. Rotary Mowing, Dale Madison, Randall Fitzgerald, Ralph Pagano, Jeffrey Hill
Radiotelemetric Evaluation Of The Effect Of Horticultural Practices On Pine And Meadow Voles In Apple Orchards: I. Rotary Mowing, Dale Madison, Randall Fitzgerald, Ralph Pagano, Jeffrey Hill
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were studied in three apple orchard plots in the Hudson Valley of New York during June and July 1980. Selected voles from each plot were given miniature radiotransmitters and then tracked before, during, and after rotary mowing.
A total of 11 pine voles and 6 meadow voles were tracked. Home range size was much larger for meadow voles than pine voles. During mowing, meadow voles were noticeably affected by the mower; pine voles were not. No change occurred in the area utilized before and after mowing for …
Influence Of Apples On Population Density, Body Weights, And Reproductive Organ Weights In Pine Voles, J. J. Hasbrouck, F. A. Servello, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Influence Of Apples On Population Density, Body Weights, And Reproductive Organ Weights In Pine Voles, J. J. Hasbrouck, F. A. Servello, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Previous field studies at Virginia Tech have found differences in reproductive output of pine voles in abandoned and maintained orchards. Cengel et a1. (1978), trapping in northern Virginia, found higher levels of reproduction in a maintained orchard than in an abandoned orchard. The breeding season of voles extended into winter in the maintained orchard but ceased in late fall and winter in the abandoned orchard. Noffsinger (1976), working in orchards near Roanoke, Virginia, found a higher fatality rate in the maintained orchard and a year-round breeding season; however, the percentage of pregnant females declined in winter. Reproduction was lower in …
Digestibility And Nutritional Quality Of Apple Tree Roots And Other Orchard Forages Of The Pine Vole, F. A. Servello, R. L. Kirkpatrick, K. E. Webb Jr.
Digestibility And Nutritional Quality Of Apple Tree Roots And Other Orchard Forages Of The Pine Vole, F. A. Servello, R. L. Kirkpatrick, K. E. Webb Jr.
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Analysis of the seasonal food habits of pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) by Cengel et a1. (1978) revealed that apple tree root consumption occurs only during winter months. Increased root consumption in the winter has been postulated to be due to a decrease in the quantity and quality of other foods in orchards. However, the normal translocation of carbohydrates into the root systems of trees during the dormant season may improve the quality of apple tree roots as a food source for voles. One objective of the pine vole nutrition studies at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is …
Social Behavior Of The Pine Vole (Pitymys Pinetorum): I. Activity Patterns Of Mated Pine Voles In Semi-Natural Environments, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond
Social Behavior Of The Pine Vole (Pitymys Pinetorum): I. Activity Patterns Of Mated Pine Voles In Semi-Natural Environments, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The root damage resulting from pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) infestation of apple orchards remains a major vertebrate pest problem. Currently, research effort is being directed at habitat management and at toxic bait development and application as two potentially cost-effective methods for control of these rodents. Recently, investigations have begun into the detailed relationships between the pine vole's physiology and it's habitat in an effort to understand and perhaps disrupt the seemingly ideal balance achieved by the animal in apple orchard situations. In addition to these approaches, which have possible immediate application, one area of pine vole biology that …
Effects Of Tastants On Caching, Gnawing, Grooming And Taste Aversions In Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) And Meadow Voles (M. Pennsylvanicus), Lynette A. Geyer, Christine Kornet
Effects Of Tastants On Caching, Gnawing, Grooming And Taste Aversions In Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) And Meadow Voles (M. Pennsylvanicus), Lynette A. Geyer, Christine Kornet
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Several behaviors of pine and meadow voles were studied, specifically those affecting the role of taste in ingestion. These behaviors include: 1) caching, 2) gnawing, 3) grooming, and 4) taste aversions.
Male pine voles cached more than females, particularly when housed with females. Solitary females more than those housed in mixed sex pairs. When presented with peanuts and pine dowels in one-hour tests, pine voles cached peanuts first; the addition of flavorants did not affect the sequence in which they were cached. In six-hour tests, however, sucrose— and oil-soaked items were cached first.
Gnawing by pine voles, like caching, was …
Social Context Affects Expression Of Conditioned Taste Aversions During Grooming By Pine Voles: Implications For Animal Damage Control, J. Russell Mason, Lynette A. Geyer, Christine A. Kornet
Social Context Affects Expression Of Conditioned Taste Aversions During Grooming By Pine Voles: Implications For Animal Damage Control, J. Russell Mason, Lynette A. Geyer, Christine A. Kornet
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Rodents typically show conditioned aversions to substances previously associated with illness. Aversions can be observed when the tastant is presented in food, water and, for rats, when the tastant is smeared unilaterally on the animal's flank and ingested during auto-grooming. Such results have important implications for rodent control. For that reason, others have investigated whether voles and mice continue to groom when tastants associated with sickness are smeared on their fur. Investigations have shown that grooming persists in the presence of the conditioned stimuli even though strong aversions are shown toward the same tastants in a drinking context. The question …
Social Organizations And Reproduction In Freely Reproducing Colonies Of Pine Voles In The Laboratory, Margaret H. Schadler
Social Organizations And Reproduction In Freely Reproducing Colonies Of Pine Voles In The Laboratory, Margaret H. Schadler
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Freely reproducing colonies of pine voles reared in confined laboratory enclosures have a definite social organization and a predictable pattern of reproduction which results in limitation of population size. Colonies that were established in the laboratory with a single breeding pair showed that: 1) populations were self-limiting, 2) rank order existed with the founding female occupying a dominant position in the hierarchy, 3) reproduction was generally confined to the founding female and 4) the non-reproducing members of the colony showed that they did become reproductive when they were paired with normal mates. This paper is a preliminary report of the …
Water Metabolism In The Pine Vole, Pitymys Pinetorum, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo E. Richmond
Water Metabolism In The Pine Vole, Pitymys Pinetorum, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo E. Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Orchard substrates, in general, provide excellent conditions for pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) growth and reproduction as indicated by the distribution and abundance of pine voles within orchard situations in the eastern United States (Gourley and Richmond, 1972). However, the specific characteristics which are attractive to pine voles and facilitate their proliferation are poorly understood. The basis for selection of any particular habitat component by the pine vole is in large part a function of the vole's physiological requirements, because the physiological needs of the animals must be met by appropriate habitat resources. Thus, information on specific habitat parameters …
Growth And Development Rates Of Microtus Pinetorum Under Different Photoperiods, T. L. Derting, J. A. Cransford
Growth And Development Rates Of Microtus Pinetorum Under Different Photoperiods, T. L. Derting, J. A. Cransford
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Photo-period and nutrition are important variables affecting reproductive activity and growth in many rodents. Field and laboratory studies indicate that long photo-period (spring-summer) cause Increased growth while short photo-periods (fall-winter) inhibit these processes. In the montane vole (Microtus montanus) recently weaned animals gain weight at a much lower rate under short photo-periods or in total darkness than under long photo-periods (Vaughan et al., 1973; Peterborg, 1978). Adult M. montanus had more offspring and larger mean litter sizes under LD 18:6 than LD 6:18 (Pinter & Negus, 1965). Similarly, long (LD 16:8) or increasing photo-periods stimulated the onset of …
Meadow And Pine Vole Control I N 1980 Field Plots, Ross E. Byers, Mark H. Merson
Meadow And Pine Vole Control I N 1980 Field Plots, Ross E. Byers, Mark H. Merson
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Broadcast treatments of Volak (Brodifacoum), Rozol (Chlorophacinone), ZP Rodent Bait AG, and Ramik-Brown (Diphacinone) gave excellent to good control of voles in decreasing order of effectiveness. A saccharin formulation of Ramik-Brown or doubling the concentration of diphacinone to 0.01% did not result in any additional control over the current formulation. Hand placement of ZP Rodent Bait AG at 1 to 3 lbs/A gave excellent control of voles. Place packs of ZP Rodent Bait AG were not opened at all sites, however, residual activity from apple activity data indicated that this product gave excellent control. Additional field and laboratory evaluations were …
Social Behavior And Activity Patterns Of Meadow Voles In Relation To Seasonal Change And Snow Cover, Ronald J. Brooks, A. Bruce Webster
Social Behavior And Activity Patterns Of Meadow Voles In Relation To Seasonal Change And Snow Cover, Ronald J. Brooks, A. Bruce Webster
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Activity and social behavior of free-ranging meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were examined in summer, fall, and winter using capture-recapture and radiotelemetry. The composition of our study population changed from predominantly reproductively-active (RA) voles in summer and fall to entirely non-reproductively-active (NR) voles in winter. RA males had larger activity areas than RA females. Activity areas of RA females did not overlap with those of other RA females, but activity areas of RA males overlapped extensively with those of both RA males and RA females. However, any contact among RA voles was rare, unless females were estrous. NR voles …
Vole Damage And Control Methods In Ontario Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Lin Schwarzkopf
Vole Damage And Control Methods In Ontario Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Lin Schwarzkopf
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
In Ontario, herbivorous mammals inflict extensive damage upon fruit tree ocrchards and hardwood plantations (Radvanyi 1974 a, b; C. Dufault pers. commun., Hikichi pers. commun.). Nevertheless, surprisingly little research has been directed toward reduction or control of this damage and, therefore, growers continue to suffer substantial annual economic losses. Ontario appears to offer no specific guidelines to assist growers in developing effective long-term control programs for mammalian pests in their orchards. Recommended methods of control are limited to brief, general pamphlets most of which have shown little substantive change over the past few decades. There have been virtually no experimental …
Effect Of Photoperiod On Activity Patterns In Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford
Effect Of Photoperiod On Activity Patterns In Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Light is an environmental variable which has considerable effect on small mammal activity patterns. This constantly repeating 24 hour signal provides information on a daily basis and has been shown to synchronize all physiological patterns in an animals existence. Laboratory studies have shown that pine voles are slightly nocturnal (Pearson, 1947) or confined their activity to the hours of twilight and darkness (Werner, 1951). Both authors indicate that activity occurs in bouts of about 1 hour duration followed by an hour of rest. Benton (1955) observed from trapping that more activity occurred at night but cautioned that due to the …
Progress And Prospect Of A Bioenergetic Simulation Model Of Pine Vole Populations, John F. Coyle, Kevin C. Jordan, Alan R. Tipton, Roy L. Kirkpatrick
Progress And Prospect Of A Bioenergetic Simulation Model Of Pine Vole Populations, John F. Coyle, Kevin C. Jordan, Alan R. Tipton, Roy L. Kirkpatrick
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
As reported previously (Coyle and Tipton 1980), we have been engaged in the development of a computerized system which outlines the basic demographic features of a pine vole population. The system, when complete, will hopefully contain four subsystems (biological, spatial, control and economic). This paper will discuss the biological submodel, its development and validity, and prospects for its future.
A Comparison Of Global Conventions Concerned With Controlling Ship-Borne Pollution On The High Seas, Robert F. Ogurek
A Comparison Of Global Conventions Concerned With Controlling Ship-Borne Pollution On The High Seas, Robert F. Ogurek
Theses and Major Papers
This paper will compare the global conventions concerned with controlling ship-borne pollution, noting the major differences in regulations concerned with the prevention, control and reporting of pollution incidents, as well as the enforcement provisions of these conventions. Section I of this paper will be a discussion of the provisions made in the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea Draft Convention on the Law of the Sea (not yet in force) concerning ship-borne pollution. Section II will be a discussion of the major global conventions, both those presently in force and those yet to enter into force, …
A High School Curriculum In Marine Environmental Issues: "The Sea - Use And Abuse" Part I, Martha J. Zimmerman
A High School Curriculum In Marine Environmental Issues: "The Sea - Use And Abuse" Part I, Martha J. Zimmerman
Theses and Major Papers
To the Teacher: The materials presented and developed in this learning activity packet involve dynamic, complex, and persistent environmental issues concerning man's interaction with the oceans and the marine environment. As we progress into the 1980's, many decisions effecting the marine world will be made within the political sphere. These decisions will have wide-spreading impacts into the economic and social areas as well. Some consequences will be observed immediately, and others perhaps more serious, defiant of detection, and in some instances even hazardous, may have delayed results. The complex interrelationships of land and oceanic environments, the fragility of the marine …
A High School Curriculum In Marine Environmental Issues: "The Sea - Use And Abuse" Part Ii, Martha J. Zimmerman
A High School Curriculum In Marine Environmental Issues: "The Sea - Use And Abuse" Part Ii, Martha J. Zimmerman
Theses and Major Papers
To the Student: As we progress into the 1980's, you will become more aware of a number of marine related environmental issues. Many of these complex marine issues will be decided within the political sphere of our society. These are not isolated issues, but rather complicated ones which impact a wide section of our economic and social lives. The issues we are discussing include: land use (especially in the coastal zone), the city of facilities (e.g. sewer treatment plants, power plants, nuclear power plants), and the drilling for oil and gas and minerals on submerged and continental shelf areas. Port …