Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Evaluation Of Pgaa Data For Provenance Of Lithic Artifacts, Otis N. Crandell

Studia UBB Geologia

The objectives of the study were to determine whether Prompt Gamma Activation Analyses (PGAA) could be successfully used to trace the source(s) of various Neolithic artifacts made of microcrystaline quartz. Two macroscopically identical sources of jasper from central and western Romania were analyzed by PGAA along with five Neolithic artifacts from the Limba site (Alba County). Due to the limited number of trace elements, which can be measured by PGAA, this method when used alone might produce inconclusive results for discriminating between jaspers from different sources. The interpretation of the data may be used for general assessments of provenance involving …

Some Structural Characteristics Of Azmar Anticline - Ne Iraq, Ibrahim Saad I. Al-Jumaily, Hadeer Ghazi M. Adeeb

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the structural style of Azmar structure, a major anticlinorium within the imbricate partition of Zagros fold-thrust belt in northeastern Iraq. Structural analysis of this anticlinorium demonstrated that it consists of four main NNW-SSE trending anticlines. They are imbricated SW ward through NE dipping reverse faults merge to a deep seated detachment. Furthermore, analysis of minor folds on hinge and limbs of the main Azmar anticline revealed the versatile style of such minor folds and their opposing vergencies. These features emphasize the role of faulting in development of the major fold and the …

Heat Flow Of The Kirşehi̇r Massif And Geological Sources Of The Radiogenic Heat Production, Uğur Akin, Yahya Çi̇ftçi̇

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

It is not often easy to distinguish the components of the mantle originated heat flow and radiogenic heat generation from each other. Surface heat flow is composed of two components. The first is the radiogenic heat source and the second is the heat flow originated from the upper mantle and the lower crust. In this study, heat flow and the radiogenic heat production of the Kýrþehir Massif and its geological sources were investigated. Curie point depths were calculated from aeromagnetic data. Geothermal gradient values were formed by considering the medium as homogenous and isotropic. The heat flow of the region …

The Use Of Tilt Angle In Gravity And Magnetic Methods, Uğur Akin, Betül Işikdeni̇z Şeri̇foğlu, Mehmet Duru

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Tilt angle method, which has been recently used in investigating the boundaries of structures, reveals useful information on deep and shallow structures. Tilt angle is expressed as the arctan value of the ratio of the vertical derivative of the potential field to its horizontal derivative. The method was applied to Kýrþehir-Ý31 Sheet. As a result, the presence of volcanites buried under terrestrial sediments was demonstrated.

The Tectonostratigraphic Features Of The Belemedi̇k Tectonic Window And Its Surroundings, İsmet Alan, Şenol Şahi̇n, Alican Kop, Bülent Bakirhan, Nevzat Böke

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The study area includes Belemedik and its vicinity located in the eastern part of Ecemiþ Fault Zone which constitutes the boundary between Central and Eastern Taurides.The area generally presents Belemedik Sequence belonging to Aladað Unit, Ophiolithic Melange and ophiolithic rocks belonging to Bozkýr Unit and Tertiary sediments overlying all these units. Within Belemedik Sequence, Late Devonian aged Küçükali, Carboniferous aged Belemedik, Early Permian aged Sarýoluk, Late Permian aged Kýzýlgeriþ and Yellice, EarlyMiddle Triassic aged Katarasý, Middle-Late Triassic aged Sarýyarma, Jurassic-Cretaceous aged Çamlýk and Yavça Formations were differentiated. In the previous studies on the vicinity of Belemedik, it was suggested that …

Mineralogical, Petrographical And Geochemical Characteristics Of Eldivan Ophiolite (Çankiri) Harzburgitic Tectonites, Tijen Üner, Üner Çakir

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Eldivan Ophiolite is located at the central part of the Ýzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Ophiolitic Belt and between Þabanözü, Eldivan and Korgun towns. Ophiolite consists of volcanic-sedimentary series, metamorphic series, tectonites, cumulates and sheeted dikes from bottom to top. Tectonites, which are the main subject of the study, are generally represented by harzburgites and occassionally include dunite, pyroxenolite and chromitite levels. Harzburgites display of traces of plastic deformation (foliation, lineasyon, fold) A clear orientation in minerals can be observed as a result of in the tectonic sequence and grinding mechanisms. The degree of deformation decreases upwards. Harzburgites are generally composed of olivine …

2011 Percival Allen Medal Award, Corina Ionescu, Tudor Berza

Studia UBB Geologia

The Association of European Geological Societies (AEGS) connects geological societies all over Europe. In 2006, the AEGS Executive Committee established an award named for Prof. Percival Allen FRS, one of the AEGS's founders. This medal is given biennially to a geoscientist for outstanding achievements in the field of international relations in Earth Sciences. Other than a distinguished record in fostering international relations in geosciences, there are no special eligibility criteria. The Award Committee announces the laureate at the Meetings of AEGS (MAEGS).

Dr. Jens Dieter Becker-Platen from Germany (at MAEGS-15, held in Tallinn 2007) and Dr. Eduardo de Mulder from …

Historical Evolution Of The Geological Researches In The Menderes Massif, O. Özcan Dora

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Pan-African basement of Menderes Massif is made up of homogenous paragneiss and schist units (metaclastic sequence) which are intruded by metagabbros and gneisses derived from different types of granites. The basement is unconformably overlain by Early Palaeozoic metaclastic series consisting of quartzite and metaconglomerate at the lowest level. They show a transition into schists, and the Palaeozoic sequence ends with Permo-Carboniferous black marbles of Göktepe formation. Both basement and Palaeozoic sequence are intruded by Early Triassic leucocratic granites which were converted into orthogneisses by Alpine metamorphism. The Mesozoic series of the Menderes Massif begins with Late Triassic meta-sandstone/metaconglomerate intercalation …

Geology Of The Kütahya-Bolkardağ Belt, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Kütahya-Bolkardağ Belt is one of the subunits of the Tauride-Anatolide Terrane extending from the Aegean Sea to the Hınzır Mountains. It includes numerous tectonic slices, formed during the closure of the İzmirAnkara Oceanic branch of the Neotethys. The tectonic slices are mainly derived from three different tectonic settings: i- rocks representing the oceanic lithosphere and subduction- accretion prism of the İzmir-Ankara Ocean (ophiolites and ophiolitic mélanges), ii- flysch-type deposits that were formed in foreland-basins on the northern and passive edge of the Tauride-Anatolide platform in front of the southward advancing nappes (olistostromes with olistoliths, sedimentary mélanges), and iii- successions, in …

The Geology And Geochronology Of The Pan-African And Triassic Metagranitoids In The Menderes Massif, Western Anatolia, Turkey, O. Ersin Koralay, Osman Candan, Cüneyt Akal, O. Özcan Dora, Fukun Chen, Muharrem Satir, Roland Oberhänsli

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Menders Massif is a metamorphic complex cropping out on a large region in the Alpine orogenic belt in Western Anatolia. The massif mainly, is made up of a Precambrian basement and the overlying Palaeozoic-Early Tertiary cover series. The basement comprises Late Proterozoic metaclastics composed of paragneiss and high grade micaschists, syn to post tectonical Pan African orthogneisses that have intruded into them, and metagabbros which have partly turned into eclogitic form. Cover series unconformably overlying the basement are divided into two units, in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic-Early Tertiary ages. The basement and cover series were influenced by an effective Alpine …

Polymetamorphic Evolution Of The Pan-African Basement And Palaeozoic-Early Tertiary Cover Series Of The Menderes Massif, Osman Candan, Roland Oberhänsli, O. Özcan Dora, Mete Çeti̇nkaplan, O. Ersin Koralay, Gaëtan Rimmelé, Fukun Chen, Cüneyt Akal

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Menderes Massif exposing in the Western Anatolia substantially presents a complex tectonostratigraphy as a result of Late Alpine compressional tectonism. The lithostratigraphical succession of this crystalline complex can be divided into two units: 1- The Pan-African basement (core series) and 2-Palaeozoic - Early Tertiary metasedimentary rocks (cover series). The Pan-African basement of the Menderes Massif is made up of a Late Neoproterozoic metaclastic sequence consisting of paragneisses and conformably overlying micaschists. This high-grade metaclastic sequence is extensively migmatized and intruded by the syn- to post-PanAfrican gabbros and granitoids. The primary contact relationship between the core and cover series is …

Stratigraphy Of The Pan - African Basement Of The Menderes Massif And The Relationship With Late Neoproterozoic/Cambrian Evolution Of The Gondwana, Osman Candan, O.Özcan Dora, Roland Oberhänsli, Ersin Koralay, Mete Çeti̇nkaplan, Cüneyt Akal, Muharrem Satir, Fukun Chen, Orhan Kaya

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Menderes Massif, exposed in the Western Anatolia, is tectonically overlain to the north by the Afyon Zone and to the south by the Lycian Nappes. In the northwest, two high-pressure units, the Cycladic Complex and overlying the Lycian Nappes, as well as the nappes of Ýzmir - Ankara Zone tectonically overlay the Menderes Massif. The metamorphic rock succession of the Massif can be divided into two main units: 1-PanAfrican basement (core series) and 2-Paleozoic - Early Tertiary metasedimentary rocks (cover series). The PanAfrican basement shows a stratigraphy consisting of a partly migmatized metaclastic sequence and polymetamorphic basic and acidic …

Emplacement Characteristics Of The Gneissic Granites In The Menderes Massif (Western Anatolia) And Their Implications On The Tectonic Evolution Of The Massif: New Field Observations And Radiogenic Age Determinations, Burhan Erdoğan, Erhan Akay, Altuğ Hasözbek

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Understanding the ages and emplacement mechanism of the gneissic granites cropping out in large areas of the Menderes Massif has a critical importance in its tectonic evolution. Based on some radiogenic age data, the gneissic granites and the surrounding high-grade micaschists have been advocated to be the Precambrian "Core Succession" that was undergone high-grade metamorphism during the Pan-African Orogenesis. The micascists and marbles of Palaezoic-Mesozoic age have been defined as the "Cover Succession" unconformably overlying the core assemblages. It has also been indicated that during the Alpine Orogenesis and by the Main Menderes Metamorphism the core and cover successions were …

Tavşanli Zone: The Northern Subducted Margin Of The Anatolidetauride Block, Aral I. Okay

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Tavşanlı Zone constitutes the northern margin of the Anatolide-Tauride Block that has undergone high pressure-low temperature metamorphism during the Cretaceous. It is bounded in the north by the İzmir-Ankara suture and in the south by the rocks of the Afyon Zone. The Tavşanlı Zone is subdivided into four tectonic units. At the base there is the Orhaneli Group, which shows a regular stratigraphic succession that has underdone metamorphism at ~24 kbar pressure and 430-500 °C temperature during the Late Cretaceous (~80 Ma). From the base upward the Orhaneli Group consists of micaschist, marble and metabasite-metachertphyllite, and is tectonically overlain …

Agglutinated Foraminifera From The Northern Tarcău Nappe (Eastern Carpathians, Romania), Raluca Bindiu, Sorin Filipescu

Studia UBB Geologia

The Tarcău Nappe is the most important unit of the Carpathian flysch due to its size, stratigraphic, and tectonic complexity. Our purpose was to identify the major types of foraminifera assemblages in relation to the paleoenvironmental settings and their biostratigraphic potential. The identified assemblages are characteristic to the Cretaceous and Paleogene, consisting mostly of benthic agglutinated and, in lower proportions, benthic calcareous and planktonic species. Local abundances of Glomospira specimens allowed the correlation of the examined strata to the early Eocene “Glomospira event” described from the Carpathians in Poland, Morocco, and Labrador. Rzehakina fissistomata (Grzybowski) identified at Palma makes …

Effects Of Sediment Mineralogy To High-Iron Content In The Groundwater Of Rrogozhina Aquifer (Western Albania), Arjan Beqiraj, Enkeleida Beqiraj

Studia UBB Geologia

The groundwater of Rrogozhina aquifer (western Albania) is generally characterized by high iron contents. Its water-bearing medium consists of soft to hard sandstone and conglomerate with intercalations of impermeable clay layers. The groundwater of Rrogozhina aquifer, that extends over a surface of 2100 km² in the pre-Adriatic depression of Albania, occurs under typically artesian conditions. The iron content in ground water ranges from 0.2% up to 2.5%, but most of them fall within the interval 0.5-1.0 %. In groundwater iron occurs as reduced divalent ferrous iron (Fe⁺²) which is conditioned by the lack of water exposure to …

Experimental Techniques For Cement Hydration Studies, Andreas Luttge

Studia UBB Geologia

Cement hydration kinetics is a complex problem of dissolution, nucleation and growth that is still not well understood, particularly in a quantitative way. While cement systems are unique in certain aspects they are also comparable to natural mineral systems. Therefore, geochemistry and particularly the study of mineral dissolution and growth may be able to provide insight and methods that can be utilized in cement hydration research. Here, we review mainly what is not known or what is currently used and applied in a problematic way. Examples are the typical Avrami approach, the application of Transition State Theory (TST) to overall …

Geomathematical Characterisation Of The Mineralization Indicators: A Case Study From Tincova Magmatic Intrusion (Romania), George Tudor

Studia UBB Geologia

Indicators of the hydrothermal mineralization in the Tincova Laramian intrusion were tested at the contact zone between the intrusive body and the metamorphic host rocks. The mineralization consists of Cu, Pb and Zn sulfides, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and pyrite in gangue of quartz, carbonates, feldspar, sericite or clay minerals, and includes areas of hydrothermal alteration or oxidation. Seventy-nine samples were analyzed and processed as two distinct populations. Geomathematical methods highlight the importance of factors such as the shape, sizes of the mineralized zones and geological processes involved in the ore genesis. Trend maps for Cu, Pb + Zn, and Ag interpolated …

Solving The Mystery Of The Atacama Nitrate Deposits: The Use Of Stable Oxygen Isotope Analysis And Geochemistry, Ji-Hye Seo

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

The Atacama Desert, Chile, one of the oldest and driest deserts on Earth, is unique because it contains the largest known nitrate deposits in the world. The origin of these nitrate deposits has been a mystery since their discovery in the 1800s. There are two possible sources of natural nitrate: microbiological processes and photochemical reactions. The majority of material on Earth follows mass-dependent fractionation between stable oxygen isotopes with the abundance of ¹⁷Ο (denoted by δ) as half that of ¹⁸O. This relationship is quantified by Δ¹⁷O = δ¹⁷O – ½ δ¹⁸O, …

Landslide Susceptibility In Tryon State Park, Oregon, Tracy E. Handrich

Anthós

LIDAR and topographic data were used to identify areas of high landslide susceptibility. An arctangent equation was used to calculate slope angle, design criteria of susceptibility and designate zones of high, moderate, and low risk.

About A Peri-Gondwanan-North African Enlarged Acceptance Of The Caledonian Orogeny, Ioan Balintoni, Constantin Balica, Horst-Peter Hann

Studia UBB Geologia

The notion of “Caledonian Orogeny” is restricted by most authors to the Ordovician-Devonian thermotectonic events associated with the Laurentia-Baltica- Avalonia suturing. However, some views consider an orogeny as the sum of tectonic, metamorphic and magmatic events accompanying an entire supercontinent assembly or Wilson cycle. Following this line of thinking, the Caledonian and Variscan orogenies successively assembled Pangea. During the Ordovician Period, rifting, collision, deformation, metamorphism and magmatism took place within the Gondwana margin. All these events are known today in the basement of the Cadomian terranes from Iberia through the Alps up to the Romanian Carpathians and Balkans. We plead …

In Memoriam, Lukas Plan, Michele Citterio

Studia UBB Geologia

In Memoriam - Willi Dansgaard & Robert Seemann

State Of The Art And Challenges In Cave Minerals Studies, Bogdan P. Onac, Paolo Forti

Studia UBB Geologia

The present note is an updated inventory of all known cave minerals as March 2011. After including the new minerals described since the last edition of the Cave Minerals of the World book (1997) and made the necessary corrections to incorporate all discreditations, redefinitions, or revalidation proposed by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclatures and Classification (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), we summed up 319 cave minerals, many of these only known from caves. Some of the minerals building up speleothems are powerful tracers of changes in Quaternary climate, other minerals are useful for reconstructing landscape evolution, or …

Generalized Xyz Data Editor Software For Marine Geophysical Survey, Yet-Chung Chang, Ching-Hui Tsai, Shu-Kun Hsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

For most marine surveying data processing tasks, such as gravity, magnetic or echo-sounding, to find and eliminate the errors among the raw data is a tedious and time-consuming process. Usually, the Graphical User Interface (GUI) software provided with the data acquisition system is very useful to reduce the manpower requirements and speed up processing. However, each tool typically only displays one specific data type or format. In this paper, a GUI program is designed for general marine geophysical data editing. It allows users to define their own data formats, and thereafter it can recognize the data type automatically according to …

New Data On The Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Limestones From Bihor Mountains: Case Study Of Gârda Seacă-Hodobana Region, Romania, Valentin Turi, Emanoil Sasaran, Ioan I. Bucur

Studia UBB Geologia

This study refers to some problems regarding the lithological succession, facies and carbonate microfacies, and to biostratigraphic markers of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous carbonates from Bihor Mountains. Three types of facies (external marginal facies, subtidal and peritidal facies) were separated for the Upper Jurassic, and two (coastal-peritidal and open shelf facies) for the Lower Cretaceous carbonates. The micropaleontological assemblages identified contain species that allow the separation of the two formations of different age: Labyrinthina mirabilis, Kurnubia palastiniensis, Neokilianina rahonensis, Clypeina sulcata (Kimmeridgian-Lower Tithonian) and Parakoskinolina? jourdanensis, Montseciella arabica, Palorbitolina lenticularis, Falsolikanella danilovae (Barremian – Lower Aptian). Field observations and data …

Cover: Volume 40, Issue 2

International Journal of Speleology

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Aspects Of The History Of Slovene Karst 1545 – 2008, Arrigo A. Cigna

International Journal of Speleology

No abstract provided.

Cover: Volume 40, Issue 1

International Journal of Speleology

No abstract provided.

The Present Day Genesis And Evolution Of Cave Minerals Inside The Ojo De La Reina Cave (Naica Mine, Mexico), Giovanni Badino, José Maria Calaforra, Paolo Forti, Paolo Garofalo, Laura Sanna

International Journal of Speleology

Ojo de la Reina is the first and the smallest cave intersected at the -290 level in the Naica Mine (Mexico), therefore it was the first cavity in which the lowering of temperature induced by mine ventilation caused condensation over crystals’ surface since 2005. The consequent dissolution of the gypsum crystals and subsequent condensed water evaporation lead to the deposition of several new minerals, among which some highly soluble Mg/Na compounds (bloedite, epsomite, halite, hexahydrite, kieserite, starkeyite). The single available source of Mg and Na ions in this minerogenetic environment is represented by the huge fluid inclusions widespread within the …

Iron Oxide And Calcite Associated With Leptothrix Sp. Biofilms Within An Estavelle In The Upper Floridan Aquifer, Lee J. Florea, Chasity L. Stinson, Josh Brewer, Rick Fowler, B Joe Kearns, Anthony M. Greco

International Journal of Speleology

In Thornton’s Cave, an estavelle in west-central Florida, SEM, EDS, and XRD data reveal biofilms that are predominantly comprised of FeOOH-encrusted hollow sheaths that are overgrown and intercalated with calcite. Fragments of this crystalline biofilm adhere to the walls and ceiling as water levels vary within the cave. Those on the wall have a ‘cornflake’ appearance and those affixed to the ceiling hang as fibrous membranes. PCR of DNA in the active biofilm, combined with morphologic data from the tubes in SEM micrographs, point to Leptothrix sp., a common Fe-oxidizing bacteria, as the primary organism in the biofilm. Recent discoveries …