Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Study Of The Metal Complexes Of Alpha Aminohydroxamic Acids, Richard N. Nipe

Masters Theses

Introduction

The objectives of this investigation were to develop: 1) compounds similar to hydroxy urea, a compound known to have anti-tumor activity, 2) a method to prepare α-aminohydroxamic acids and to study the complexes of these compounds with several metal ions, 3) computer programs to determine the pK's¹ of the hydroxamic acids and the stepwise stability constants² for the ligands and several metal ions.

The values obtained for the stability constants were compared with values for the stability constants of acetohydroxamic acid and α-aminocarboxylic acids in an attempt to find which in the ligand formed bonds with the …

Host And Prophage Modifications Of Ultraviolet Induction In Salmonella Potsdam, Bela B. Toth

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In induction experiments with naturally occurring and artificially lysogenic strains of S. potsdam, cells were irradiated in buffer, transferred to complete medium, and then assayed for free phage. Irradiation was followed by half hourly samples for free phage from the growing populations of irradiated cells. For an estimation of burst sizes, the irradiated cells were diluted out to a final concentration of 1 cell per ml and distributed to tubes in 0.5 ml quantities. All assays were done by the top-layer method with streptomycin incorporated in the top-layer and SP2-str^r as the bacterial indicator. The non-lysogenic strain S. …

A Method For The Determination Of Trace Metals In Carbon By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Leo Francis Meyer

Master's Theses

The object of this research was to develop an accurate, rapid and economical method for determining trace amounts of metals in carbons, especially in activated carbons designed as gas adsorbents. More specifically, the investigation was directed primarily to the determination of K, Ca, and Fe in Carbons

Isolation Of A Toxic Substance From Centaurea Repens, Merton E. Sprengel

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A poisonous steroid-type compound was isolated from Centaurea repens. After extraction with absolute ethanol, removal of the solvent, addition of 2% HCl to precipitate the pigments, and filtering, the pH was adjusted to 9 with aqueous anunonia. This solution was exhaustively extracted with chloroform, evaporated to dryness, and extracted with ethyl ether.

This fraction was chromatographed on silica-gel plates, using 10:1 1,2-dichloroethane-methanol as the developer. The band at Rf 4.2 was removed and found toxic to mice. Labored, slow, gasping respiration and frequent involuntary muscular contractions became apparent within a few minutes following the intraperitoneal injection into each animal. Death …

Studies On The Preparation Of Tetrasubstituted Hydrazones, William Kao

Masters Theses

Introduction

In a recent study of the ultraviolet spectra of substituted hydrazones, it was concluded that a sterio effect existed in tetrasubstituted hydrazones that significantly hindered complete rotation about the nitrogen-nitrogen bond. Weber¹⁶ noted that di- and tri-substituted hydrazones exhibited similar spectra with three strong absorption bands at approximately 235, 300, and 340 mu. In acid solutions, the spectra of these compounds showed a marked decrease in intensity of the long wavelength band. It has been postulated that this change was a consequence of the protonation of the non-bonding electron-pair on the amino nitrogen atom, and thus correlated the …

Synthesis Of A Substituted Tetrahydropyrimidopyrimidine, Jack Lee Parsons

Masters Theses

Introduction

The purpose of this research was to develop a generalized synthesis of substituted tetrahydropyrimidopyrimidines. It was also of interest to prepare related compounds for the purpose of structure determination.

We were interested in tetrahydropyrimidopyrimidines as possible folic acid antagonists.

The Application Of The Verwey-Overbeek Theory To The Relative Sediment Volume Of Kaolin-Water Dispersions, James E. Kline

Masters Theses

Introduction

This paper describes an investigation intended to: 1. observe the effect of electrolyte concentration on the stability of kaolin-water systems, 2. evaluate the relative sediment volume measurement as a tool for determining the stability of such systems, 3. assess the applicability of the Verwey-Overbeek theory of stability of lyophobic colloids for predicting the observed effects, and 4. determine if any correlation exists between the effects predicted by the theory and observed through the relative sediment volume measurement.

The relative sediment volume measurement will be shown to be dependent upon the efficiency of packing of the pigment particles, which in …

Dimethyl Sulfoxide Oxidation Of Primary Alcohols, Carmen Vargas Zenarosa

Masters Theses

Historical

A method of selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones has been developed recently, namely the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the oxidizing agent, either alone or with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)¹⁴, acid anhydrides¹, or alkyl chloroformates¹⁰. The negatively polarized oxygen atom of the sulfoxide group in DMSO is ideally situated for a transfer to many electron-deficient substrates. The oxygen of the alcohol coordinates with the sulfur atom of DMSO through its oxygen atom; this is followed by β-elemination of dimethyl sulfide, thereby resulting in oxidation of the …

Potential Neoplasm Inhibitors Ii, Ronald Lee Floyd

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

A Study Of The Base Catalyzed Decompositions Of Azoacetates, David V. Herman

Masters Theses

Introduction

The formation of a benzyne intermediate has been shown by several investigators ^(2,5,6) to be developed in at least four different reactions; the reaction of o-dihalobenzenes with magnesium or lithium, aryl halides with strong nucleophiles, o-halobenzophenones with potassium amide in liquid ammonia, and the decomposition of benzenediazonium-2-carboxylate.⁽¹³⁾ The mechanism propsed for one of the above most relevant to the following study, the reaction of o-halobenzophenones with potassium amide in liquid ammonia, is outlined in the following sequence:

Liquid Scintillators. The Stability Of Organic Scintillator Solutes Toward Ultra-Violet Radiation. The Photooxidation Of 2, 5-Diphenyloxazole., Harold A. Mackay

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

An insight has been gained concerning the stability of organic scintillator solutes in toluene on exposure to ultraviolet light while in the presence of oxygen and water. Oxygen and water, from either solute or solvent, not only function as quenchers but may continue to react with the solute molecule via a photooxidation process. Removal of these materials from the 2, 5-diphenyloxazole toluene system resulted in a marked improvement in stability of the system on exposure to ultraviolet light. The choice of scintillator solute, in addition to water and oxygen, and the time of ultraviolet irradiation, has a pronounced effect on …

The Toluene-Aluminum Chloride-Hydrogen Chloride Complex, William Spencer Cassedy

Honors Theses

It was the aim of the project to: 1- Develop analytical techniques to determine the relative amounts of the aluminum chloride, hydrogen chloride, and toluene in the dark liquid catalyst. 2 - Determine the change in the relative amounts of aluminum chloride, hydrogen chloride, and toluene with time as the addition of hydrogen chloride was discontinued and the reaction mixture was left standing, prot cted fro moisture by a drying tube.

Synthesis Of 2--Aryl--Tetrahydro--3--Methyl--4--H--1,3--Thiazine--4--One--1,1--Dioxides And Chloromrthylation Of P--Dichloro-Benzene, Robert Nye Downer

Honors Theses

Extensive background material and experimentation on the synthesis of 2--aryl--tetrahydro--3--methyl--4--H--1,3--thiazine--4--one--1,1--dioxides and chloromrthylation of p--dichloro-benzene.

Attempted Rearrangement Of N-Nitrosolactams, Richard Albert Dybas

Honors Theses

This research was concerned with the preparation and subsequent atempted rearrangement of 5,8-dimenthyl-N-nitrosohydrocarbostyril (I).

Quiet-Mercury-Pool Voltammetry Of Copper In Aluminum Alloys, Winfield Scott Bigelow

Honors Theses

Several workers have demonstrated the analytical usefulness of the quiet-mercury-pool. Voltammetry at the QMP possesses a considerable advantage in sensitivity over "ordinary" polarography. Its demonstrated potentialities have prompted this study into the possibility of developing a technique, based on the quiet pool, for the routine determination of copper in aluminum alloys.

Tellurium (Vi): Polarography And Polyol Complexes, Peter T. Kissinger

Honors Theses

In 1782 the element tellurium was discovered by Baron Franz Joseph Miller Von Reichenstein. Muller first isolated the element from Transylvanian gold ore (2). Klaproth verified this work and in 1978 proposed that the substance be called tellurium. The etymology of the work begins with the Latin noun tellus, meaning earth. Students of Roman mythology will recall the ancient deity, Tellus, goddess of marriage and fertility. The history of the discovery of tellurium is a particularly interesting one. Serious students of the element will enjoy reading the account given by Mary Eliva Weeks (3, 4, 5). Telluric acid is a …

Basicity As A Function Of Water Concentration In Mixed Solvent, Dimethysulfoxide-Water Solution, Philip Mauro French

Honors Theses

The pH and pOH functions of, respectively, acid and base are meaningful measures of the acidity of dilute—i.e. up to about one Molar—solitons. Outside this range however, they are almost useless, and the establishment of other measure of acidity is necessary. Unfortunately, the results were far from conclusive, and, if anything opposed to the hypothesis. It seems safe to conclude that the use of aldehydes as an indicator series is prohibited in solution containing DMSO. Too many such indicators are totally barred from usage by its strong absorption below 260 mμ. Even those which were available for study yielded completely …

Cyclooctatrieneium Dicarbonium Ion, Carl George Seefried Jr.

Honors Theses

The peculiar group of chemical molecules termed aromatic have had particular significance in all fields of chemistry because of the unusual reactions they undergo. These reactions occur because of the additional stabilization energy that these molecules possess. This stability arises from the arrangement of delocalized π - electrons in the molecules.

A Study Of Sodium Phenylsiliconate, John Henry Daane

Honors Theses

The application of modern silicone chemistry knowledge and new analytical techniques to the elucidation of the structure of the hitherto uncharacterized, crystalline salt, sodium phenysiliconate, has been achieved. This salt, produced in 1914 by J. A. Meads and F. S. Kipping,. had been left structurally uncharacterized. This thesis builds upon the early work by applying to the problem the recent knowledge developed by J. F. Brown, Jr., and coworkers at the General Electric Research Laboratory.

Derivatives of the salt were made and characterized by a variety of analytical techniques. The silanols produced by the acidification of the sodium phenylsiliconate are …

A Donor Function For Methanolic Sodium Methanolic Sodium Methoxide Solutions, Edgar William Knaub

Honors Theses

A directly measured donor function was determined in .1 to 5 molar methanolic sodium methoxide solutions at 25 degree celsius using three of the substituted benzaldehyde indicators that were used by MacGregor to develop a donor function for aqueous alkalide hydroxide solutions.

Platinized Asbestos As A Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst, Howard Irwin Zeliger

Honors Theses

Platinized asbestos electrocatalysts were prepared by a variety of procedures. These catalysts were incorporated into test electrodes which were electrochemically evaluated in hydrogen - oxygen ambient temperature fuel cells. Catalysts were further scrutinized by the measurement of their specific platinum surface areas, and by the examination of electron micrographs of the materials. Fabrication procedure and composition of platinized asbestos containing electrodes were optimized, and fuel cell performances of electrodes containing the test catalysts were compared with the specific platinum surface areas of the catalysts.

The Kolbe Electrolysis Of Benzoic Acid, David Perry Beiter

Honors Theses

The synthesis of diphenyl from benzoic acid was accomplished by the Kolbe electrolysis. The complete inhibition, as found in aqueous solvents, was thus overcome by using the non-aqueous solvents, was thus overcome by using the non-aqueous mixture of pyridine and diethylamine. However, the yield was not sufficient to warrant consideration of the Kolbe electrolysis as a synthetic method, until improvements are made. Suggestions were offered for the possible increase in the yield of diphenyl. Should reasonably high yields be achieved, the method could be applied to the synthesis of substituted diphenyls.

Rapid Quantitative Analysis Of Basic Amino Acids By Ion Exchange Resin Paper Chromatography, John Ennis Coutant

Honors Theses

In partition chromatography a solid is used to hold a film of liquid and the distribution of a substance is between the liquid phase and another immiscible liquid phase. Because most substances have slightly different distribution coefficient between two immiscible solvents, a series of successive extractions will cause a separation. This is the predominant factor in the paper chromatography. The paper itself is an inert support holding a stationary aqueous phase. As the immiscible solvent flows past an area containing the solute, by capillary flow, partition occurs. When the immiscible solvent reaches an area not containing any solute, partition again …

Electrophoretic Analysis Of The Interaction Of Adenosinetriphosphate With Actomyosin, William Gordon Hunt

Honors Theses

The phenomenon of muscular contraction has long been of particular interest to physiologists, biochemists and pharmacologists. Much work has been done in an effort to elucidate the chemical interactions and the mechanisms of converting chemical energy to mechanical work in muscle. The application of electrophoresis to biological problems evolved rapidly after Tiselius adapted the electrophoretic apparatus in 1937. The modern apparatus for free flowing moving boundary work with its low temperature bath, U-tubes with precision ground optical faces and the ingenious schlieren optical system constitutes a powerful method for molecular-level research.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis Of Benzimidazole, Frank Willmott Williams

Honors Theses

The original project was concerned with the determination of the product of the reaction of an alcohol and vanadium 8-hydroxyquinolae. Because of the low solubility of the vanadium compound, this project had to be abandoned. It was then decided to make a detailed NMR spectra study on a single compound.

A Study Of The Dichlorobis [1,10 Phenathroline] Complex Of Cobalt (Iii), John Orville Ruid

Honors Theses

One of the major fields of inorganic chemistry deals with complex ions or molecules and is called coordination chemistry. A complex ion is merely a central ion, usually a metal, surrounded by a cluster or atoms, ions, or molecules of another species, covalently bound to the central ion.The significance of these compounds can be sensed when one realizes that the hemoglobin of blood and the chlorophyll of the green of plants are both complex ions. Chlorophyll has.magnesium as a central ion while the central ion of hemoglobin is iron.

Polarographic Investigation Of Several Tetrakis 1, 3-Diketone Europium Chelates In Acetonitrile, Samuel Lee Jeanjaquet

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

This study is concerned with the polarographic behavior of several tetrakis 1, 3-diketone chelates of europium and of the 1, 3-diketone ligands in acetonitrile. Such a study should reveal the following: (a) whether the europium (III) in the complexes is reduced directly to the metal, or if reduction to europium (II) takes place followed by reduction to the metal; (b) whether ligands are released during the reduction step(s) and if so, how many; (c) whether the polarographic behavior is such that dissociation constants of the complexes or complex ions can be determined by measuring the shift in half-wave potential as …

Multiple Trace Element Assay By X-Ray Fluorescence, Richard Pierre Koshakji

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Aryl Pseudohypochlorites - Some Reactions With Lewis Acids, Frederick Charles Schwab

Honors Theses

Several aryl hypochlorites were prepared by the action of chlorine on the sodium salts of substituted phenols. Infrared and ultraviolet spectral data confirmed a rearrangement of the resulting hypochlorites into ortho and para quinoid forms

Frledel-Crafts reactions were carried out with the pseudohypochlorites with either benzene or benzene or anisole. Aluminum chloride was used as the catalyst. Analysts of these reactions showed two concurrent but distinctly different reactions taking place. In one case, the pseudohypochlorites acted as a source of chloronium ions, causing chlorination of the solvent and regenerating the original substituted phenol. In the other reaction, it appeared that …

Nature Of Non-Biological Decomposition Of Nitrite In Acid Media, Mukkatira Kariappa Mahendrappa

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Curiosity is the cause of investigations, and the thirst for knowledge originates from it. Many times at the end of investigations, the number of questions raised are greater than those for which answers are sought. Therefore, all the information gathered through scientific investigations may not be of value for immediate application in practical life. Nevertheless, no research can be considered less important than the other because the integration of several scientific findings considered less less important at the time of investigation may reveal something of very high significance. Similarly, the study of various transformation reactions that the added fertilizers undergo …