Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology Commons^™

Plasmd Bearing A Cdna Copy Of The Genome Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Chimeric Derivatives Thereof, And Method Of Producing An Infectious Bovine Wral Darrheavirus Using Sad Plasmid, Ruben O. Donis, Ventzislav B. Vassilev

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A plasmid bearing a cDNA copy of the genome of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), chimeric derivatives of the plasmid and a method of producing an infectious bovine viral diarrhea virus using the plasmid are disclosed. The invention relates to a plasmid DNA molecule that replicates easily in E. coli and contains a sufficient portion of the genome of BVDV, cloned as cDNA, to be a suitable template to produce RNA in vitro which, upon transfection into bovine cells, gives rise to infectious BVDV. The BVDV created by the process of the invention can be engineered for use as a …

In Situ Hybridization For The Detection And Localization Of Swine Chlamydia Trachomatis, C. Chae, D.-S. Cheon, D. Kwon, O. Kim, B. Kim, J. Suh, D. G. Rogers, K. D. E. Everett, A. A. Anderson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Gnotobiotic piglets were inoculated intralaryngeally with swine Chlamydia trachomatis strain R33 or orally with swine C. trachmatis strain R27. Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from piglets euthanatized 4–7 days postinoculation were examined by in situ hybridization for C. trachomatis nucleic acid using a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes that targeted specific ribosomal RNA or omp1 mRNA molecules of the swine C. trachomatis strains. Positive hybridization signals were detected in bronchial epithelial cells, bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, alveolar and interstitial macrophages, and jejunal and ileal enterocytes. Chlamydia-infected cells had a strong signal that was confined to the intracytoplasmic inclusions. Positive hybridization signals were …

Polyadenylation Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Mrna Dictates Efficient Transcription Termination At The Intercistronic Gene Junctions, Leroy N. Hwang, Nathan Englund, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The intercistronic gene junctions of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) contain conserved sequence elements that are important for polyadenylation and transcription termination of upstream transcript as well as reinitiation of transcription of downstream transcript. To examine the role of the putative polyadenylation signal 3' AUACU₇5' at the gene junctions in polyadenylation and transcription termination, we constructed plasmids encoding antigenomic minireplicons containing one or two transcription units. In plasmid-transfected cells, analyses of the bicistronic minireplicon containing the wild-type or mutant intercistronic gene junctions for the ability to direct synthesis of polyadenylated upstream, downstream, and readthrough mRNAs showed that the AUACU …

Phosphorylation Within The Amino-Terminal Acidic Domain I Of The Phosphoprotein Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Is Required For Transcription But Not For Replication, Asit K. Pattnaik, Leroy Hwang, Tong Le, Nathan Englund, Manjula Mathur, Tapas Das, Amiya Banerjee

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Phosphorylation by casein kinase II at three specific residues (S-60, T-62, and S-64) within the acidic domain I of the P protein of Indiana serotype vesicular stomatitis virus has been shown to be critical for in vitro transcription activity of the viral RNA polymerase (P-L) complex. To examine the role of phosphorylation of P protein in transcription as well as replication in vivo, we used a panel of mutant P proteins in which the phosphate acceptor sites in domain I were substituted with alanines or other amino acids. Analyses of the alanine-substituted mutant P proteins for the ability to support …

Bovine Cell Line Resistant To In Vtro Infection By Bovine Viral Darrheavirus And All Other Known Pestiviruses, Ruben O. Donis, Eduardo F. Flores

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine cell line resistant to infection by the pestiviruses Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Hog Cholera Virus (HCV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) and all progeny and mutants thereof. A bovine cell line (CRIB) that is resistant to infection by cytopathic and non-cytopathic BVDV and by other Pestiviruses due to a stable, recessive genetic defect which blocks infection at the level of viral entry.

Cytokines In Pigs Bred Selectively For High And Low Immune Response [Abstract Only], Jay Reddy, Bruce N. Wilkie, Bonnie A. Mallard, Soren Rosendal

Jay Reddy Publications

Yorkshire pigs have been bred for high (H) and low (L) immune response based on selection for multiple antibody (Ab) and cell mediated immune response traits. High responders have better production and larger litter size when compared with controls and low responders. The ability of high and low line pigs to resist M. hyorhinis infection has been tested. The high responders had more rapid and higher Ab response and the severity of the disease was less, as judged by clinical and postmortem signs. However, arthritis was found to be relatively more severe in high responders. We hypothesized that the immune …

Heterozygosity Mapping Of Partially Congenic Lines: Mapping Of A Semidominant Neurological Mutation, Wheels ( Whl), On Mouse Chromosome 4, Patrick M. Nolan, Patricia J. Sollars, Barbara A. Bohne, Warren J. Ewens, Gary E. Pickard, Maja Bucan

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

We identified a semidominant, chemically induced, mouse use mutation with a complex array of abnormal behaviors including bidirectional circling and hyperactivity, abnormal circadian rhythmicity and abnormal responses to light. In this report, we genetically and phenotypically characterized the circling/ waltzing component of the abnormal behavior. We mapped the locus controlling this trait by heterozygosity mapping of partially congenic lines carrying the mutagenized chromosome outcrossed to different inbred strains for three generations. Analysis of 68 PCR-based markers in 13 affected individuals indicated that the mutant locus, named Wheels (Whl), resides in the subcentromeric portion of mouse chromosome 4. The …

Restoration Of Circadian Behavior By Anterior Hypothalamic Heterografts, Patricia J. Sollars, Daniel P. Kimble, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus (AH) is a circadian oscillator and an important component of the mammalian circadian system. To determine whether the SCN is the dominant circadian pacemaker responsible for generating a species-typical characteristic of circadian rhythms [i.e., period length (T)], neural transplantation was conducted using fetal AH donors of different species and SCN-lesioned (SCNx) hosts. The circadian behavior of each of the three donor species is clearly distinguishable by its species-typical T. The extent of SCN pacemaker autonomy was assessed by noting whether the period of the restored circadian rhythm following heterograft transplantation was characteristic …

Certain Canine Weakly Β-Hemolytic Intestinal Spirochetes Are Phenotypically And Genotypically Related To Spirochetes Associated With Human And Porcine Intestinal Spirochetosis, Gerald E. Duhamel, Nagaraja Muniappa, Michelle R. Mathiesen, J. L. Johnson, J. Toth, R. O. Elder, A. R. Doster

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Four canine weakly β-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes associated with intestinal spirochetosis (IS-associated WBHIS) were compared with IS-associated human and porcine WBHIS and the type species for Serpulina hyodysenteriae and S. innocens by using phenotypic and genotypic parameters. The IS-associated canine, human, and porcine WBHIS belonged to a phyletic group distinct from but related to previously described Serpulina type species.

Morphometric Analysis Of Enteric Lesions In C3h/Hen Mice Inoculated With Serpulina Hyodysenteriae Serotypes 2 And 4 With Or Without Oral Streptomycin Pretreatment, Jagannatha V. Mysore, Gerald Duhamel

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The segmental distribution and sequential progression and the role of the indigenous bacterial flora in the development of enteric lesions associated with Serpulina hyodysenteriae infection in laboratory mice have not been defined. We examined the distribution and sequential morphometric changes in the large intestine of mice orally inoculated with S. hyodysenteriae serotypes 2 and 4. To determine the role of colonization resistance conferred by the indigenous bacterial flora, 40 female C3H/HeN mice were administered water alone or water containing 5 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate ad libitum for seven days prior to orogastric inoculation either with S. hyodysenteriae or sterile trypticase soy …

Detection Of Serum Antibody Responses In Cattle With Natural Or Experimental Neospora Infections, Patricia Conrad, Karen Sverlow, Mark Anderson, Joan Rowe, Robert Bondurant, Gwen Tuter, Richard Breitmeyer, California Department Of Food And Agriculture, Animal Health Branch, Mark Thurmond, Alex Ardans, J. P. Dubey, Gerarld Duhamel, Bradd Barr

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Parasite-specific antibody responses were detected using an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test in cattle that were naturally or experimentally infected with Neospora parasites. The test was developed using Neospora tachyzoites isolated from an aborted bovine fetus and grown in bovine cell cultures (isolate BPA1). In all cases, infections were confirmed by the identification of Neospora tachyzoites and/or bradyzoite cysts in fetal or calf tissues using an immunoperoxidase test procedure. Fifty-five naturally infected cows that aborted Neospora-infected fetuses had titers of 320-5,120 at the time of abortion. The titer of 6 cows that were serologically monitored over a prolonged period decreased …

Cells That Express All Five Proteins Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus From Cloned Cdnas Support Replication, Assembly, And Budding Of Defective Interfering Particles, Asit K. Pattnaik, Gail W. Wertz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

An alternative approach to structurefunction analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) gene products and their interactions with one another during each phase of the viral life cycle is described. We showed previously by using the vaccinia viruslT7 RNA polymerase expression system that when cells expressing the nucleocapsid protein (N), the phosphoprotein (NS), and the large polymerase protein (L) of VSV were superinfected with defective interfering (DI) particles, rapid and efflicient replication and amplification of DI particle RNA occurred. Here, we demonstrate that all five VSV proteins can be expressed simultaneously when cells are cotransfected with plasmids containing the matrix protein …

Monoclonal Antibodies To The Fusion Protein Of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Kent M. Mulkey, Gary A. Anderson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Five monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine respiratory syncytial virus were characterized by Western immunoblotting, radioimmunoprecipitation, and epitope mapping assays. The monoclonal antibodies were found to be specific for the fusion protein, and there were at least two antigen binding sites, one of which was neutralizing.

Replication And Amplification Of Defective Interfering Particle Rn As Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus In Cells Expressing Viral Proteins From Vectors Containing Cloned Cdnas, Asit K. Pattnaik, Gail W. Wertz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Replication and amplification of RNA genomes of defective interfering (DI) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) depend on the expression of viral proteins and have untD now been attained only in ceUs coinfected with helper VSV. In the work described in this report, we used a recombinant vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase expression system to synthesize individual VSV proteins in cells transfected with plasmid DNAs that contain cDNA copies of the VSV genes downstream of the T7 RNA polymerase promoter. In this way, we were able to examine the ability of VSV proteins, individually and in combination, to support DI particle …

Efficacy Of A Cell Extract From Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) Pleuropneumoniae Serotype 1 Against Disease In Swine, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, M.J. Huether, D.L. Stine, G. A. Anderson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

We partially characterized a cell extract (CE) from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 and used the CE to test the efficacy of secreted proteins against disease. Secreted products from 4-h culture supernatants were precipitated with 20% polyethylene glycol. Analysis of the CE indicated the presence of protein, endotoxin, and carbohydrate. Hemolytic activity to bovine erythrocytes and cytotoxic activity to porcine mononuclear leukocytes was also demonstrated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the CE from a 4-h culture showed a major band at 110 kilodaltons (kDa), while a CE of a 26-h culture indicated the presence of a number of additional …

Improved Selective Medium For The Isolation Of Treponema Hyodysenteriae, Robert A. Kunkle, J. M. Kinyon

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

An agar medium with improved selection for Treponema hyodysenteriae was developed. Cultures of T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens, feces from 11 clinically normal pigs, and colonic contents from 6 pigs with gross lesions consistent with swine dysentery were diluted in phosphate-buffered saline and plated on Trypticase soy agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) with 5% citrated bovine blood (TSA), TSA with 400 ,ug of spectinomycin per ml (TSA-S400), TSA-S400 with 25 ,ug each of colistin and vancomycin per ml, and TSA with 5% pig feces extract and five antimicrobial agents (spiramycin, rifampin, vancomycin, colistin, and spectinomycin) (BJ). Viable numbers …

Formation Of Influenza Virus Particles Lacking Hemagglutinin On The Viral Envelope, Asit K. Pattnaik, Donald J. Brown, Debi P. Nayak

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

We investigated the intraceUular block in the transport of hemagglutinin (HA) and the role of HA in virus particle formation by using temperature-sensitive (Is) mutants (1s134 and 1s61S) of inOuenza virus AlWSN/33. We found that at the nonpermissive temperature (39.5°C), the exit of ts HA from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex was blocked and that no additional block was apparent in either the exit from the Golgi complex or post-Golgi complex transport. When MDBK ceUs were infected with these mutant viruses, they produced noninfectious virus particles at 39.5°C. The efficiency of particle formation at 39.5°C was essentiaUy …

Identification Of Four Complementary Rna Species In Akabane Virus-Infected Cells, Asit K. Pattnaik, G. Abraham

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The analysis of RNA extracted from purified Akabane virus demonstrated the presence of three size classes of single-stranded RNAs with sedimentation coefficients of 31S (large, L), 26S (medium, M), and 13S (small, S). Molecular weights of these RNA species were estimated to be 2.15 x 10⁶,1.5 X 10⁶, and 0.48 x 10⁶ for the L, M, and S RNAs, respectively. Hybridization analysis involving viral genomic RNA and RNA from virus-infected cells resulted in the identification of four virus-specific cRNA species in infected cells. These cRNAs were found to be nonpolyadenylated by their inability to bind …

Calf Diarrhea (Scours): Reproduced With A Virus From A Field Outbreak, C. A. Mebus, N. R. Underdahl, M. B. Rhodes, M. J. Twiehaus

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Neonatal calf diarrhea typical of that seen in field cases was produced in colostrum-deprived calves by inoculating either feces or bacteria-free filtrates via the duodenum, orally, or by a spray (aerosol). Three calves, kept free of E. coli, developed severe diarrhea following inoculation with a bacteria-free filtrate. Intense fluorescence in the epithelium of sections of small intestine from two experimental calves was observed following staining with ftuorescein-labeled gamma globulin produced with viral antigen prepared from the feces of two experimental diarrhetic E. coli-free calves. Fluorescing cells were also present in the feces of experimental and field cases of neonatal …

Viral Infections Of Domestic Animals, George A. Young

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

There is a strong tendency in current research on mammalian virus diseases to concentrate on virus activity at a cellular or subcellular level. This trend is summarized adequately by Enders in relation to viral replication as follows: ','The large and ever-increasing volume of published experimental work on viral replication strikingly reveals the central position of this phenomenon in contemporary virological research. There are good reasons, both biological and practical, underlying this intensive effort to understand, i n detail, how a virus particle, without energy transforming apparatus of its own, manages to utilize the metabolic equipment of the cell to produce …

Worm Eggs: Cost You Money, E.F. Frolik, E.W. Janike

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Contents

One Million Eggs Daily.......... 3

Damaging Trip......... 4

Worm Remedies......... 5

Modern Worm Remedies......... 6

A Control Program.......... 8

Studies On Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy, I. Dietary Factors, Ii. Fibrosis And Lipomatosis Of Tissues, Violet Myrtle Wilder

Department of Biochemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

dissertation published as three peer-reviewed papers:

Sergius Morgulis, Violet M. Wilder, and S. H. Eppstein. (September 1938). Further studies on dietary factors associated with nutritional muscular dystrophy. Journal of Nutrition 16(3): 219-227.

Howard C. Spencer, Sergius Morgulis, and Violet M. Wilder. (August 1937). A micromethod for the determination of gelatin and a study of the collagen content of muscles from normal and dystrophic rabbits. Journal of Biological Chemistry 120(1): 257-266.

Sergius Morgulis, Violet M. Wilder, Howard C. Spencer, and S. H. Eppstein. (August 1938). Studies on the lipid content of normal and dystrophic rabbits. Journal of Biological Chemistry 124(3): 755-766.

The Immunizing Value Of Commercial Hemorrhagic Septicemia Aggressins, L. Van Es, J. F. Olney

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

In 1924, Gochenour published the results of certain experiments which tended to show that what he regarded as a specific aggressin possessed an immunizing value against hemorrhagic septicemia. The aggressin he prepared, by the use of a highly virulent strain of Bacillus bipolaris, was described as having adequately protected seven bovine yearlings against inoculations with the same organism which, when injected into four yearlings, used as virus controls, proved fatal to them. Soon after, if not simultaneously with, the publication of the Gochenour articles, hemorrhagic septicemia aggressin was placed on the market and apparently has since then been sold …

Studies Of Immunity Against Hemorrhagic Septicemia, L. Van Es, H. M. Martin

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

As one of the phases of our inquiry an effort was made to acquire some general knowledge regarding the immunizing value (1) of sera prepared with the aid of Bacillus bipolaris septicus procured from cattle and swine or (2) of those alleged to be of service in the control or treatment of hemorrhagic septicemia in the species mentioned. The experiments reported in this publication were almost exclusively made with sera purchased from dealers in biologic products.

The Immunizing Value Of Commercial Vaccines And Bacterins Against Hemorrhagic Septicemia, L. Van Es, H. M. Martin

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

In the course of certain studies having to do with hemorrhagic septicemia, we were particularly struck with the difficulties which we encountered in the immunization of susceptible laboratory animals (rabbits). This difficulty in no small degree excited our curiosity regarding the immunizing value of the considerable number of "Hemorrhagic Septicemia bacterins and vaccines" which during recent years have become such a prominent article of commerce. In the hope of securing some information relative to the immunizing value of the agents mentioned, we undertook a series of experiments in which the immunity of the bacterin and vaccine injected laboratory animals was …

The Corn-Stalk Disease In Cattle, Frank S. Billings

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

MORPHO-BIOLOGICAL CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN TWO OR MORE MICRO- ETIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS NOT SUFFICIENT GROUNDS FOR PRONOUNCING THE DISEASES WITH WHICH THEY ARE CONNECTED IDENTICAL. The details of this discussion will be found in my report on the swine-plague. It is necessary, however, to touch upon the essential points here also. As was there shown, Hueppe asserts that the European diseases previously mentioned as being caused by a member of this group of belted, ovoid germs, viz., the “ Huhne Cholera, Kaninchen Septikasmie, und Wild Seuche ’ ’ are all one and the same disease, because their micro-etiological organisms have the same form, …

Keratitis Contagiosa In Cattle, Frank S. Billings

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

This is not a new disease by any means, so far as the United States are concerned, nevertheless I have been unable to find any description of it in the literature at my command. While new to myself until the past Summer, there have been quite a number of reports of its existence, and complaints about it, from farmers and breeders of cattle in some of the live-stock journals of our western States. Under these circumstances, it would seem that a description of its clinical phenomena and gross pathological lesions may not be without scientific interest to the opthalmologist, and …

Inoculation—Vaccination, Frank S. Billings

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

When one comes to discuss this question with the members of the profession as he casually meets them, he is often surprised to find how uncertain and clouded the prevailing ideas are upon the subject. In fact, the majority of physicians do not seem to have any clear conception of the act connected with the words “ inoculation ” and “ vaccination.”