Veterinary Infectious Diseases | Open Access Articles

Sheep Updates 2003 - Plenaries, Ashley Mercy, David Scobie, Neil Buchanan, Kevin Bell, John Milton, Graeme Martin, Bob Hall, Maurie Stephen, Rob Woodgate

Sheep Updates

This session covers eight papers from different authors:1. Biosecurity in the sheep industry will improve production and profits Ashley Mercy, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia 2. Easy care sheep David Scobie, AgResearch, PO Box 60 Lincoln, 8152, New Zealand 3. Targeting the market’s requirements - live sheep exports Neil Buchanan, Manager Animal Health Operations, Primary Industries & Resources, South Australia 4. Setting flock breeding objectives Kevin Bell, Sheep Management and Production Consultants, Kojonup WA 5. Future feeding of sheep in Western Australia John Milton and Graeme Martin, The University of Western Australia 6. Recipe for getting back into Sheep Bob …

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Farm Disease Crises In The United Kingdom: Lessons To Be Learned, Michael C. Appleby

State of the Animals 2003

Over the last fifteen years, a diverse succession of disease-related crises has befallen farm animal and food industries in the United Kingdom. Some have involved animal health, with little risk to humans. Some have involved human health, with animals acting as a reservoir for infection but little affected themselves. Some, however— including the most alarming— have involved both animal and human health through zoonoses, diseases transmittable from animal to human. All of these crises are linked in the public mind and in many commentaries, and indeed there are issues that many of them share. The most common of these is …

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Ehrlichia Chaffeensis: A Prototypical Emerging Pathogen, Christopher D. Paddock, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

In April 1986, a medical intern scanning the peripheral blood smear of a severely ill man with an unexplained illness observed peculiar intracytoplasmic inclusions in several of the patient’s monocytes. The patient described multiple tick bites sustained approximately 2 weeks earlier during a visit to a rural area in northern Arkansas, and a presumptive diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever had been made (104, 174). Clinicians and scientists subsequently identified these inclusions as clusters of bacteria belonging to the genus Ehrlichia, previously known in the United States solely as veterinary pathogens (174). Within the next 5 years, the organism …

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Cd21-Positive Follicular Dendritic Cells A Possible Source Of PrpSc In Lymph Node Macrophages Of Scrapie-Infected Sheep, Lynn M. Herrmann, William P. Cheevers, William C. Davis, Donald P. Knowles, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Natural sheep scrapie is a prion disease characterized by the accumulation of PrP^Sc in brain and lymphoid tissues. Previous studies suggested that lymph node macrophages and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) accumulate PrP^Sc. In this study, lymph nodes were analyzed for the presence of PrP^Sc and macrophage or FDC markers using dual immunohistochemistry. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the C-terminus of PrP reacted with CD172a+ macrophages and CD21+ FDC processes in secondary follicles. However, a PrP N-terminus- specific mAb reacted with CD21+ FDC processes but not CD172a+ macrophages in secondary follicles. Neither the PrP N-terminus nor C-terminus-specific …

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Immunohistochemical Detection And Distribution Of Prion Protein In A Goat With Natural Scrapie, Reginald A. Valdez, Matthew J. Rock, Anne K. Anderson, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from a 3-year-old female Angora goat suffering from clinical scrapie were immunostained after hydrated autoclaving using a monoclonal antibody (mAb, F99/ 97.6.1; IgG1) specific for a conserved epitope on the prion protein. Widespread and prominent deposition of the scrapie isoform of the prion protein (PrP^Sc) was observed in the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, retina, postganglionic neurons associated with parasympathetic ganglia of myenteric and submucosal plexuses, Peyer’s patches, peripheral lymph nodes, and pharyngeal and palatine tonsils. The goat was homozygous for PrP alleles encoding 5 octapeptide repeat sequences in the N-terminal region of the prion …

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A Prion Protein Epitope Selective For The Pathologically Misfolded Conformation, Eustache Paramithiotis, Marc Pinard, Trebor Lawton, Sylvie Laboissiere, Valerie I. Leathers, Wen-Quan Zou, Lisa A. Estey, Julie Lamontagne, Marty T. Lehto, Leslie H. Kondejewski, Gregory P. Francoeur, Maria Papadopoulos, Ashkan Haghighat, Stephen J. Spatz, Mark Head, Robert Will, James Ironside, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Quentin Tonelli, Harry C. Ledebur, Avi Chakrabartty, Neil R. Cashman

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Conformational conversion of proteins in disease is likely to be accompanied by molecular surface exposure of previously sequestered amino-acid side chains. We found that induction of β-sheet structures in recombinant prion proteins is associated with increased solvent accessibility of tyrosine. Antibodies directed against the prion protein repeat motif, tyrosine-tyrosinearginine, recognize the pathological isoform of the prion protein but not the normal cellular isoform, as assessed by immunoprecipitation, plate capture immunoassay and flow cytometry. Antibody binding to the pathological epitope is saturable and specific, and can be created in vitro by partial denaturation of normal brain prion protein. Conformation-selective exposure of …

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Properties Of A Disease-Specific Prion Probe, Guy Gorochov, Jean-Phillippe Deslys, Eustache Paramithiotis, Marc Pinard, Trebor Lawton, Sylvie Laboissiere, Valerie L. Leathers, Wen-Quan Zou, Lisa A. Estey, Julie Lamontagne, Marty T. Lehto, Leslie H. Kondejewski, Gregory P. Francoeur, Maria Paoadopoulos, Ashkan Haghighat, Stephen J. Spatz, Mark Head, Robert Will, James Ironside, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Quentin Tonelli, Harry C. Ledebur, Avi Chakrabartty, Neil R. Cashman

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

In a recently published article, Paramithiotis et al. describe antibodies specific for the prion Tyr-Tyr-Arg (YYR) repeat motif. These antibodies interact with the pathological isoform of the prion protein (PrP^SC), but not with the normal cellular isoform (Prp^C). Because of this restricted specificity, they suggest that YYR-specific antibodies could be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of prion diseases (Fig. O. The monoclonal antibodies, all of the IgM isotype, were produced by immunizing mice with a synthetic peptide (CYYRRYYRYY). When coupled to magnetic beads, these YYR-specific antibodies immunoprecipitate Prp^sc much more efficiently than Prp^{C …}

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Monte Carlo Assessments Of Goodness-Of-Fit For Ecological Simulation Models, Lance A. Waller, David Smith, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

One often develops stochastic ecologic simulation models based on local interactions between individuals or groups and bases systemic conclusions on trends summarized over multiple data sets generated from the model. In many cases, such models generate data sets (“realizations”) each violating the usual assumptions associated with traditional statistical tests of goodness-of-fit, most notably that of independent observations. Monte Carlo hypothesis tests applied to multiple realizations from such models provide appropriate goodness-of-fit tests regardless of within-model peculiarities. The Monte Carlo tests address the question “Do the observed data appear consistent with the model?” in contrast to the usual question “Does the …

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Abundant PrpCwd In Tonsil From Mule Deer With Preclinical Chronic Wasting Disease, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Dongyue Zhuang, Amy Lyda, Gabriel Gomez, Elizabeth S. Williams, Wenbin Tuo, Michael W. Miller

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay was used to evaluate detergent lysates of tonsil tissue from mule deer to detect PrP^CWD, the marker for the cervid transmissible spongiform encephalopathy chronic wasting disease (CWD). Samples of formalin-fixed brain and tonsil tissues from mule deer were examined for PrP^CWD using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with Mab F99/97.6.1, the gold standard for diagnosis of preclinical CWD. The contralateral tonsil from each of the 143 deer was prepared for confirmatory IHC and as a 10% (wt/vol) detergent lysate without purification or enrichment steps for monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay. PrP^CWD was detected by dot-blot …

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A Priori Prediction Of Disease Invasion Dynamics In A Novel Environment, Colin A. Russell, David L. Smith, Lance A. Waller, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Directly transmitted infectious diseases spread through wildlife populations as travelling waves away from the sites of original introduction. These waves often become distorted through their interaction with environmental and population heterogeneities and by long-distance translocation of infected individuals. Accurate a priori predictions of travelling waves of infection depend upon understanding and quantifying these distorting factors. We assess the effects of anisotropies arising from the orientation of rivers in relation to the direction of disease-front propagation and the damming effect of mountains on disease movement in natural populations. The model successfully predicts the local and large-scale prevaccination spread of raccoon rabies …

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Full-Text Articles in Veterinary Infectious Diseases

Sheep Updates 2003 - Plenaries, Ashley Mercy, David Scobie, Neil Buchanan, Kevin Bell, John Milton, Graeme Martin, Bob Hall, Maurie Stephen, Rob Woodgate

Sheep Updates

Farm Disease Crises In The United Kingdom: Lessons To Be Learned, Michael C. Appleby

State of the Animals 2003

Ehrlichia Chaffeensis: A Prototypical Emerging Pathogen, Christopher D. Paddock, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Cd21-Positive Follicular Dendritic Cells A Possible Source Of PrpSc In Lymph Node Macrophages Of Scrapie-Infected Sheep, Lynn M. Herrmann, William P. Cheevers, William C. Davis, Donald P. Knowles, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Immunohistochemical Detection And Distribution Of Prion Protein In A Goat With Natural Scrapie, Reginald A. Valdez, Matthew J. Rock, Anne K. Anderson, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Monte Carlo Assessments Of Goodness-Of-Fit For Ecological Simulation Models, Lance A. Waller, David Smith, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Abundant PrpCwd In Tonsil From Mule Deer With Preclinical Chronic Wasting Disease, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Dongyue Zhuang, Amy Lyda, Gabriel Gomez, Elizabeth S. Williams, Wenbin Tuo, Michael W. Miller

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A Priori Prediction Of Disease Invasion Dynamics In A Novel Environment, Colin A. Russell, David L. Smith, Lance A. Waller, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications