Veterinary Infectious Diseases Commons^™

Development Of An Indirect Elisa, Blocking Elisa, Fluorescent Microsphere Immunoassay And Fluorescent Focus Neutralization Assay For Serologic Evaluation Of Exposure To North American Strains Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Faten Okda, Xiaodong Liu, Aaron Singrey, Travis Clement, Julie Nelson, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Eric A. Nelson, Steven Lawson

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Recent, severe outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in Asia and North America highlight the need for well-validated diagnostic tests for the identification of PEDV infected animals and evaluation of their immune status to this virus. PEDV was first detected in the U.S. in May 2013 and spread rapidly across the country. Some serological assays for PEDV have been previously described, but few were readily available in the U.S. Several U.S. laboratories quickly developed indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assays for the detection of antibodies to PEDV in swine serum, indicating prior exposure. However, the IFA has several disadvantages, including …

Complete Genome Sequence Of A Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5n2) Associated With An Outbreak In Commercial Chickens, Iowa, Usa, 2015, Travis Clement, Gerald F. Kutish, Jill Nezworski, Joy Scaria, Eric A. Nelson, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Diego Diel

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

A novel reassortant influenza A virus (H5N2) was first detected in British Columbia, Canada, in December 2014. The virus rapidly spread along the waterfowl migration flyways in the United States, causing multiple HPAI outbreaks in poultry. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of HPAIV-H5N2 from a commercial chicken flock in Iowa.

An Inactivated Vaccine Made From A U.S. Field Isolate Of Porcine Epidemic Disease Virus Is Immunogenic In Pigs As Demonstrated By A Dose-Titration, Emily A. Collin, Srivishnupriya Anbalagan, Faten Okda, Ron Bateman, Eric A. Nelson, Ben M. Hause

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus in swine, was first detected in the U.S. in May, 2013, and has caused tremendous losses to the swine industry. Due to the difficulty in isolating and growing this virus in cell culture, few vaccine studies using cell culture propagated PEDV have been performed on U.S. strains in pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response to the selected inactivated PEDV vaccine candidate in a dose-titration manner.
Results: PEDV was isolated from a pig with diarrhea and complete genome sequencing found >99% …

An Evaluation Of A Liquid Antimicrobial (Sal Curb®) For Reducing The Risk Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Of Naïve Pigs During Consumption Of Contaminated Feed, Scott Dee, Casey Neill, Travis Clement, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Eric A. Nelson

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Since its initial detection in May 2013, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has spread rapidly throughout the US swine industry. Recently, contaminated feed was confirmed as a vehicle for PEDV infection of naïve piglets. This research provides in vivo data supporting the ability of a liquid antimicrobial product to reduce this risk.
Results: Sal CURB® (Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA, USA) is a FDA-approved liquid antimicrobial used to control Salmonella contamination in poultry and swine diets. To test its effect against PEDV, Sal CURB®-treated feed was spiked with a stock isolate of PEDV (Ct = 25.22), which PEDV-naïve piglets …

An Evaluation Of Contaminated Complete Feed As A Vehicle For Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Of Naïve Pigs Following Consumption Via Natural Feeding Behavior: Proof Of Concept, Scott Dee, Travis Clement, Adam Schelkopf, Joel Nerem, David Knudsen, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Eric A. Nelson

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Since its initial detection in May 2013, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has spread rapidly throughout the US swine industry. Initially, contaminated feed was proposed as a risk factor for PEDV; however, data were not available to support this theory. Here we provide proof of concept of this risk by describing a novel means for recovering PEDV-contaminated complete feed material from commercial swine sites and conducting an in vivo experiment to prove its infectivity.

Results: For on-farm detection of PEDV RNA in feed, paint rollers were used to collect material from at-risk feed bins from 3 clinically affected breeding …

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Multiorgan Infection In Two White-Tailed Deer In Southeastern South Dakota, Christopher C.L. Chase, Lyle J. Braun, Pamela Leslie-Steen, Tanya Graham, Dale Miskimins, Julia F. Ridpath

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

The susceptibility of wild ruminants, especially cervids, to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has remained an enigma. Two white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were submitted to the Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ADRDL) in the fall of 2003 by the South Dakota Game Fish and Parks for chronic wasting disease (CWD) testing. Both animals were CWD negative. The animals were necropsied and histopathology, viral antigen detection, and virus isolation were performed. A noncytopathic (NCP) BVDV was isolated from the lungs and several other tissues of both animals. Formalin-fixed ear notches from both animals were positive for BVDV antigen by immunohistochemistry. …

Febrile Response And Decrease In Circulating Lymphocytes Following Acute Infection Of White-Tailed Deer Fawns With Either A Bvdv1 Or A Bvdv2 Strain, Julia F. Ridpath, C. Scott Mark, Christopher C.L. Chase, Alanson C. Ridpath, John D. Neill

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Although commonly associated with infection in cattle, bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) also replicate in many domestic and wildlife species, including cervids. Bovine viral diarrhea viruses have been isolated from a number of cervids, including mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus), but little information is available regarding clinical presentation and progression of infection in these species. In preliminary studies of experimental infection of deer with BVDV, researchers noted seroconversion but no clinical signs. In this study, we infected white-tailed deer fawns that were negative …