Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Missense Mutation In Exon 2 Of Slc36a1 Responsible For Champagne Dilution In Horses, Deborah Cook, Samantha Brooks, Rebecca Bellone, Ernest Bailey

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Champagne coat color in horses is controlled by a single, autosomal-dominant gene (CH). The phenotype produced by this gene is valued by many horse breeders, but can be difficult to distinguish from the effect produced by the Cream coat color dilution gene (CR). Three sires and their families segregating for CH were tested by genome scanning with microsatellite markers. The CH gene was mapped within a 6 cM region on horse chromosome 14 (LOD = 11.74 for theta = 0.00). Four candidate genes were identified within the region, namely SPARC [Secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (osteonectin)], SLC36A1 (Solute Carrier 36 family …

A Novel Application Of Quantile Regression For Identification Of Biomarkers Exemplified By Equine Cartilage Microarray Data, Liping Huang, Wenying Zhu, Christopher P. Saunders, James N. Macleod, Mai Zhou, Arnold J. Stromberg, Arne C. Bathke

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Identification of biomarkers among thousands of genes arrayed for disease classification has been the subject of considerable research in recent years. These studies have focused on disease classification, comparing experimental groups of effected to normal patients. Related experiments can be done to identify tissue-restricted biomarkers, genes with a high level of expression in one tissue compared to other tissue types in the body.

RESULTS: In this study, cartilage was compared with ten other body tissues using a two color array experimental design. Thirty-seven probe sets were identified as cartilage biomarkers. Of these, 13 (35%) have existing annotation associated with …

Allelic Heterogeneity At The Equine Kit Locus In Dominant White (W) Horses, Bianca Haase, Samantha A. Brooks, Angela Schlumbaum, Pedro J. Azor, Ernest Bailey, Ferial Alaeddine, Meike Mevissen, Dominik Burger, Pierre-André Poncet, Stefan Rieder, Tosso Leeb

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

White coat color has been a highly valued trait in horses for at least 2,000 years. Dominant white (W) is one of several known depigmentation phenotypes in horses. It shows considerable phenotypic variation, ranging from approximately 50% depigmented areas up to a completely white coat. In the horse, the four depigmentation phenotypes roan, sabino, tobiano, and dominant white were independently mapped to a chromosomal region on ECA 3 harboring the KIT gene. KIT plays an important role in melanoblast survival during embryonic development. We determined the sequence and genomic organization of the approximately 82 kb equine KIT gene. A mutation …

Characterization Of The Equine 2'-5' Oligoadenylate Synthetase 1 (Oas1) And Ribonuclease L (Rnasel) Innate Immunity Genes, Jonathan J. Rios, Andrey A. Perelygin, Maureen T. Long, Teri L. Lear, Andrey A. Zharkikh, Margo A. Brinton, David L. Adelson

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The mammalian OAS/RNASEL pathway plays an important role in antiviral host defense. A premature stop-codon within the murine Oas1b gene results in the increased susceptibility of mice to a number of flaviviruses, including West Nile virus (WNV). Mutations in either the OAS1 or RNASEL genes may also modulate the outcome of WNV-induced disease or other viral infections in horses. Polymorphisms in the human OAS gene cluster have been previously utilized for case-control analysis of virus-induced disease in humans. No polymorphisms have yet been identified in either the equine OAS1 or RNASEL genes for use in similar case-control studies.

RESULTS: …

A Missense Mutation In Pmel17 Is Associated With The Silver Coat Color In The Horse, Emma Brunberg, Leif Andersson, Gus Cothran, Kaj Sandberg, Sofia Mikko, Gabriella Lindgren

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The Silver coat color, also called Silver dapple, in the horse is characterized by dilution of the black pigment in the hair. This phenotype shows an autosomal dominant inheritance. The effect of the mutation is most visible in the long hairs of the mane and tail, which are diluted to a mixture of white and gray hairs. Herein we describe the identification of the responsible gene and a missense mutation associated with the Silver phenotype.

RESULTS: Segregation data on the Silver locus (Z) were obtained within one half-sib family that consisted of a heterozygous Silver colored stallion with 34 …

Comparative Analysis Of Vertebrate Eif2ak2 (Pkr) Genes And Assignment Of The Equine Gene To Eca15q24-Q25 And The Bovine Gene To Bta11q12-Q15, Andrey A. Perelygin, Teri L. Lear, Andrey A. Zharkikh, Margo A Brinton

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The structures of the canine, rabbit, bovine and equine EIF2AK2 genes were determined. Each of these genes has a 5' non-coding exon as well as 15 coding exons. All of the canine, bovine and equine EIF2AK2 introns have consensus donor and acceptor splice sites. In the equine EIF2AK2 gene, a unique single nucleotide polymorphism that encoded a Tyr329Cys substitution was detected. Regulatory elements predicted in the promoter region were conserved in ungulates, primates, rodents, Afrotheria (elephant) and Insectifora (shrew). Western clawed frog and fugu EIF2AK2 gene sequences were detected in the USCS Genome Browser and compared to those of other …

The Effects Of A Solar Eclipse On Animals Behavior, Orhan Özbey, M. Hani̇fi̇ Aysöndü, Hati̇ce Özer, Ü. Gülci̇han Şi̇mşek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the solar eclipse of August 11, 1999, on the behavior of birds (chickens, Pekin ducks, gulls, crows and sparrows), cattle, bees and horses. The animals were observed for 6, from 11 am to 5 pm. Abnormal and extreme behaviors were determined at the observation times. Birds, cattle, bees and horses felt the solar eclipse about 45, 20, 65 and 35 minutes before it occurred, respectively. They showed this via their behaviors. When the total solar eclipse occurred between 2:37 and 2:39 pm, laying hens and broilers crowded together. They were very …

The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome And The Eastern Tent Caterpillar: A Toxicokinetic/Statistical Analysis With Clinical, Epidemiologic, And Mechanistic Implications, Manu Sebastian, Marie G. Gantz, Thomas Tobin, J. Daniel Harkins, Jeffrey M. Bosken, Charlie Hughes, Lenn R. Harrison, William V. Bernard, Dana L. Richter, Terrence D. Fitzgerald

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

During 2001, central Kentucky experienced acute transient epidemics of early and late fetal losses, pericarditis, and unilateral endophthalmitis, collectively referred to as mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS). A toxicokinetic/statistical analysis of experimental and field MRLS data was conducted using accelerated failure time (AFT) analysis of abortions following administration of Eastern tent caterpillars (ETCs; 100 or 50 g/day or 100 g of irradiated caterpillars/day) to late-term pregnant mares. In addition, 2001 late-term fetal loss field data were used in the analysis. Experimental data were fitted by AFT analysis at a high (P < .0001) significance. Times to first abortion (“lag time”) and abortion rates were dose dependent. Lag times decreased and abortion rates increased exponentially with dose. Calculated dose × response data curves allow interpretation of abortion data in terms of “intubated ETC equivalents.” Analysis suggested that field exposure to ETCs in 2001 in central Kentucky commenced on approximately April 27, was initially equivalent to approximately 5 g of intubated ETCs/day, and increased to approximately 30 g/day at the outbreak peak. This analysis accounts for many aspects of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and manifestations of MRLS. It allows quantitative interpretation of experimental and field MRLS data and has implications for the basic mechanisms underlying MRLS. The results support suggestions that MRLS is caused by exposure to or ingestion of ETCs. The results also show that high levels of ETC exposure produce intense, focused outbreaks of MRLS, closely linked in time and place to dispersing ETCs, as occurred in central Kentucky in 2001. With less intense exposure, lag time is longer and abortions tend to spread out over time and may occur out of phase with ETC exposure, obscuring both diagnosis of this syndrome and the role of the caterpillars.

Role Of Endothelin In The Pathogenesis Of Acute Laminitis In Horses, Ashley Michelle Stokes

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Acute laminitis is a severely debilitating disease of the laminae of the equine digit; however, the mechanism(s) of pathogenesis have yet to be fully elucidated. In physiologic states, the endothelium synthesizes substances, such as nitric oxide (NO; vasodilator) and endothelin-1 (ET-1; profound vasoconstrictor), which play a crucial role in vasomotor regulation. The overall hypothesis is that the initiating factor in the onset of acute laminitis is a disruption in the balance between NO and ET-1, which leads to digital vasoconstriction and subsequent laminar ischemic necrosis. In vitro studies with digital vessels from healthy horses and horses with naturally-acquired laminitis determined …

Role Of Endothelin-1 In The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Horses In Health And Disease, Ramaswamy Monickarasi Chidambaram

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Gastrointestinal tract disease is the leading natural cause of death in horses and horses with ischemic intestinal disease have the greatest mortality. We hypothesized there is basal synthesis of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the intestinal tract of healthy horses that is likely involved in regulating vasomotor tone, secretion and motility and that ET-1 synthesis increases with gastrointestinal tract disease, which may be involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Plasma ET-like immunoreactivity was increased in horses with naturally-acquired gastrointestinal disease, compared with normal horses; values were greatest in horses with large intestinal strangulation obstruction, enterocolitis and peritonitis. There was an association …

Superior Check Ligament Desmotomy For The Treatment Of Chronic Superficial Digital Flexor Tendinitis In Horses., Atichat Brahmasa, Voraphan Na Songkla

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Bilateral check ligament desmotomies were performed on 7 horses (2 males and 5 females) that had been suffering from either, unilateral or bilateral, chronic, superficial digital flexor tendinitis,for 3-10 months. Healing was uneventful in all cases. Eight to twelve months postoperatively, all horses returned to racing with no subsequent injury to the previously affected tendons. However, typical, palpable, fibrotic enlargement remained within the palmar aspect of the superficial digital flexor tendons of all the horses.

Bulletin 4474 - Exotic Diseases - Horses, Agriculture Western Australia

Bulletins 4000 -

An exotic disease is a disease that is not present in Australia.

If an exotic disease did occur in Australia it would cause production losses, stock deaths and stop exports of primary production. When export markets are lost they can only be re-established once it is proven the disease is eradicated.

Detection Of Antibodies To Ehrlichia Risticii In Horses, Seyyal Ak, Nuri Turan, Ahmet Mi̇nbay, Sukanta K. Dutta

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, presence of antibodies to Ehrlichia risticii in the sera of 100 throughbreed horses brought to Turkey Jockey Club Stud from different regions was investigated by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), western immunoblotting, indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and competetive ELISA (CELISA) using monoclonal antibody. Ten sera gave various degrees of flourescence on IFA test. The sera giving fluorescence were sent to University of Maryland and the test was repeated. The results were similar. Five sera from those positives were also tested on western immunoblotting. Amongst those, only one serum reacted with one of the 9 surface antigens …

Biochemical Changes In Sera From Equine Infectious Anaemia Infected Horses In Thailand, Panumas Ruantongdee, Achara Tawatsin, Prachak Poomvises

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Biochemical changes in equine infectious anaemia (EIA) infected horse sera were analysed and compared with those in sera from normal horses. Serum concentrations of iron, phosphorus and magnesium from infected horses were found to be significantly lower whereas copper and globulin increased.

Hordenine : Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics And Behavioural Effects In The Horse, M. Frank, T. J. Weckman, T. Wood, W. E. Woods, Chen L. Tai, Shih-Ling Chang, A. Ewing, J. W. Blake, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Hordenine is an alkaloid occurring naturally in grains, sprouting barley, and certain grasses. It is occasionally found in post race urine samples, and therefore we investigated its pharmacological actions in the horse. Hordenine (2.0 mgkg bodyweight [bwt]) was administered by rapid intravenous (iv) injection to 10 horses. Typically, dosed horses showed a tlehmen response and defecated within 60 secs. All horses showed substantial respiratory distress. Respiratory rates increased about 250 per cent and heart rates were approximately double that of resting values. All animals broke out in a sweat shortly after iv injection, but basal body temperature was not affected. …

Pharmacokinetics And Protein Binding Of Morphine In Horses, Joan Combie, Thomas E. Nugent, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Morphine could be detected in horses dosed with 0.1 mg of drug/kg of body weight for up to 48 hours in blood and 144 hours in urine. This dose of morphine elicited no observ­able effects and is a suggested an­algesic dose. Computer analysis revealed that a 3-compartment open system was the best fitting model with a serum half life of 87.9 minutes and a urine half life of 101.1 minutes. Binding to equine serum proteins was linear over a drug con­centration range of 3.88 x 10-5M to 3.50 x 10-aM and averaged 31.6%. In RBC-partitioning experiments, 78.1 % of the …

Growth Rate Of Thoroughbreds: Effect Of Age Of Dam, Year And Month Of Birth, And Sex Of Foal, R. L. Hintz, H. F. Hintz, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Weight, height, and cannon bone measurements were obtained on 1,992 Thoroughbred foals. Colts were heavier than fillies at birth and the differences increased with age. Dams under 7 years of age and older than 11 years had foals of lighter weight at birth than mares 7 to 11 years of age and the differences persisted at 510 days of age. Foals born in April, May, or June were heavier than foals born in January, February, or March. Year of birth also influenced body weight. The trends for height at withers and cannon circumference were similar to those of body weight.

Bulletin No 3863 - Plants Which Cause Kimberley Horse Disease, A. L. Payne

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

Crotalaria crispata and Crotalaria retusa (Rattlepod), two plants responsible for Kimberley horse disease*, are, unfortunately, fairly widespread throughout the Kimberleys. Both species are apparently toxic in all stages of growth.

This bulletin is to assist pastoralists to:-

• Identify the two plants;

• Recognise the type of country and conditions under which they grow; and

• Locate horse paddocks on country where the plants are least likely to occur.

Horse Problems In The Kimberleys, M R. Gardiner

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A review of current horse disease and ill-thrift problems in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, with emphasis on the "Kimberley horse disease".

DISEASES and other conditions affecting the health and working capacity of the horse have long had an important bearing on the economy of the cattle and sheep industries of the northern part of Western Australia.

Under present conditions it is impossible to muster stock on the large pastoral leases in the Kimberley districts without the aid of horses, and many other operations would be more difficult if stockmen were denied their services.

Tetanus In Farm Animals, C R. Toop

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE disease tetanus occurs in practically all of the animals and man.

It is caused by the tetanus bacillus (Clostridium tetani) and results from contamination of wounds and raw surfaces with materials such as earth or dust containing these organisms.

The Abortion Problem In Farm Live Stock, L. Van Es

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

Successful animal husbandry is fundamentally dependent on the efficient reproduction and preservation of young stock. Not only are losses among the latter a prolific source of direct economic damage, but they also tend to create an equally serious disadvantage of a more indirect nature. Losses of young animals, unless a reduction of our live stock population can be tolerated, necessitate the setting aside of a larger number of females for purely reproductive purposes than would be required if such losses were not a factor.

On The Nature And Cause Of "The Walking Disease" Of Northwestern Nebraska (Necrobiosis Et Cirrhosis Hepatis Enzootica), L. Van Es, L. R. Cantwell, H. M. Martin, J. Kramer

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The "walking disease" of Northwestern Nebraska is essentially an enzootic necrobiosis and cirrhosis of the liver due to a toxic agent and does not materially differ from similar disorders occurring in other regions or countries. The disease affects horses and cattle but it is most commonly encountered in the former. The disease in all its clinical and pathological manifestations may be reproduced with the utmost fidelity by the feeding with plants of Senecio riddellii.